The demand for money in developing countries: Assessing the role of financial innovation

Traditional specifications of money demand have been commonly plagU4:!d by persistent overprediction, implausible parameter estimates, and highly autocorrelated errors. This paper argues that some of those problems stem from the failure to account for the impact of financial innovation. We estimate money demand for ten developing countries employing various proxies for the innovation process and provide an assessment of the relative importance of this variable. We find that financial innovation plays an important role in determining money demand and its fluctuations, and that the importance of this role increases with the rate of inflation.

A facile and effective synthesis of lamivudine 5'-diphosphate

International audienceWe report on the first solution synthesis of lamivudine 5'-diphosphate in both high yield and purity. Efficient synthesis of lamivudine 5'-monophosphate was obtained through lamivudine H-phosphonate oxydation by (-)-(8,8-dichlorocamphorylsulfonyl)oxaridine. Diphosphorylation was performed by nucleophilic substitution of the phosphorimidazolate derivative of lamivudine HPLC coupled with UV or MS detection was found to be an invaluable tool for the follow-up of phosphorylation reactions

New insights for the preparation of cytidine containing nucleotides using a soluble ether-linked polyethylene glycol support

International audienc

Fully validated assay for the quantification of endogenous nucleoside mono- and triphosphates using online extraction coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

International audienceAn analytical method coupling online solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed to quantify 16 endogenous nucleoside mono- and triphosphates in cellular samples. Separation was achieved on a porous graphitic carbon (PGC) column without ion-pairing agent in the mobile phase. Low levels of the ion-pairing agent diethylamine (DEA) added to the reconstitution solution were necessary to prevent peak tailing of nucleoside triphosphates. The mass spectrometer, a triple quadrupole with an electrospray ionisation source, was operated in positive mode. Two multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) segments were programmed, each an internal standard. Extraction and separation of nucleoside mono- and triphosphates were obtained within 20 min. The total duration of a single run was 37 min. Calibration curves, performed with labelled nucleotides added to the sample matrix, ranged from 0.29 to 18.8 pmol injected for deoxyribonucleotides and from 3.9 to 3,156 pmol for ribonucleotides. Accuracy did not deviate more than −14.6 and 10.2 % from nominal values for all compounds at all levels. CV results were all lower than 17.0 % for the LLOQ level and 14.6 % for the other levels. Quality control (QC) samples were also in agreement with acceptance criteria, except for the lower QC of GMP. Ion suppression, matrix effect, extraction recoveries and stability were assessed. After validation, the method was applied to the evaluation of the effects of gemcitabine and hydroxyurea on nucleotide pools in Messa cells

SPREAD SPECTRUM FOR INTERFEROMETRIC AND MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING

We consider images probed through incomplete and noisy Fourier coverages, both in the context of radio interferometry (RI) and of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We show that the quality of signal reconstruction can be significantly enhanced by the introduction of a linear chirp modulation, which induces a spread spectrum phenomenon. Index Terms — image processing, compressed sensing, radio interferometry, magnetic resonance imaging 1. COMPRESSED SENSING It is well-known that a large variety of natural signals are sparse or compressible in multi-scale dictionaries, such as wavelet frames. A band-limited signal may be expressed as the N-dimensional vector of its values sampled at the Nyquist-Shannon rate. By definition, a signal is sparse o

Sampling theorems and compressive sensing on the sphere

ABSTRACT We discuss a novel sampling theorem on the sphere developed by McEwen & Wiaux recently through an association between the sphere and the torus. To represent a band-limited signal exactly, this new sampling theorem requires less than half the number of samples of other equiangular sampling theorems on the sphere, such as the canonical Driscoll & Healy sampling theorem. A reduction in the number of samples required to represent a band-limited signal on the sphere has important implications for compressive sensing, both in terms of the dimensionality and sparsity of signals. We illustrate the impact of this property with an inpainting problem on the sphere, where we show superior reconstruction performance when adopting the new sampling theorem

Molecularly imprinted polymer for analysis of zidovudine and stavudine in human serum by liquide chromatography-mass spectrometry.

International audienc

Smith\u27s new illustrated small fruit manual /

188

Unjuk kerja destilasi air energi surya berkondensor pasif dengan heat recovery menggunakan bak air dua tingkat

We propose a novel compressed sensing technique to accelerate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition process. The method, coined spread spectrum MRI or simply s2MRI, consists of pre-modulating the signal of interest by a linear chirp before random k-space under-sampling, and then reconstructing the signal with non-linear algorithms that promote sparsity. The effectiveness of the procedure is theoretically underpinned by the optimization of the coherence between the sparsity and sensing bases. The proposed technique is thoroughly studied by means of numerical simulations, as well as phantom and in vivo experiments on a 7T scanner. Our results suggest that s2MRI performs better than state-of-the-art variable density k-space under-sampling approache

Synthesis and Evaluation of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Selective Solid-Phase Extraction of Irinotecan from Human Serum Samples

A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized by non-covalent imprinting polymerization using irinotecan as template. Methacrylic acid and 4-vinylpyridine were selected as functional monomers. An optimized procedure coupled to LC-PDA analysis was developed for the selective solid-phase extraction of irinotecan from various organic media. A specific capacity of 0.65 µmol•g−1 for the MIP was determined. The high specificity of this MIP was demonstrated by studying the retention behaviour of two related compounds, camptothecin and SN-38. This support was applied for the extraction of irinotecan from human serum samples