La politique culturelle des villes québécoises face à la récente réforme municipale

L’article traite de l’impact des fusions municipales sur le secteur culturel municipal dans les huit villes de plus de 100 000 habitants, résultat des fusions de 2002, soit celles de Québec, Montréal, Sherbrooke, Gatineau, Lévis, Longueuil, Trois-Rivières et Saguenay. L’examen des compétences en matière culturelle des huit villes fusionnées ainsi que l’examen de leurs politiques culturelles permettent de repérer la présence de liens de renforcement mutuel entre la réorganisation municipale et le domaine culturel. Plus encore, il semblerait que la restructuration municipale ait permis de poser les bases d’un développement incrémental et prometteur du secteur culturel municipal, propres à chacune des villes.This paper discusses the impact of the municipal mergers of 2002 on public policies in the area of the municipal cultural sector for the eight Quebec cities of more than 100,000 inhabitants. An examination of cultural responsibilities and activities in Quebec City, Montreal, Sherbrooke, Gatineau, Lévis, Longueuil, Trois-Rivières and Saguenay, on the one hand, and an analysis of their cultural policies, on the other, leads us to conclude that the links between public cultural initiatives and the municipal territories were weak until the municipal reorganisation. The new regional reality of each city will help foster the development of the municipal cultural sector

Vers un coopératisme social: la Ligue ouvrière catholique et la question du logement dans les années 1940

1nitiated during the years 1940 and 1941, the "housing campaign" was an important part of the activities of the Ligue ouvrière catholique canadienne (the Canadian Catholic workers' league) for most of the 1940s and the beginning of the 1950s. ln particular, the league envisioned co-operative action in the area of housing at the national and local levels as the beginning of a reform of urban society. The Commission nationale de l'habitation (national housing commission) and later the Fédération des coopératives d'habitation du Québec (the federation of housing cooperatives of Quebec) served essentially as forums for promoting social co-operative efforts, based mainly on several experimental new communities or "co-operative villages". This model achieved interesting success in several urban areas in Sherbrooke, in the Mauricie and Bois-Francs regions, and in ihe satellite towns of Montreal. ln spite of some successes, it did not take hold in Montreal until the last half of the 1950s.Amorcée dès les années 1940-1941, la « campagne d'habitation » a tenue une place importante dans le programme d'activités de la Ligue ouvrière catholique canadienne pour la plus grande partie des années 1940 et le début des années 1950. La Ligue voit, notamment, dans l'action coopérative en matière d'habitation, sur le plan local et sur le plan national, l'amorce d'une réforme de la société urbaine. La Commission nationale de l'habitation puis la Fédération des coopératives d'habitation du Québec lui servent donc essentiellement de tribune pour faite la promotion d'un coopératisme social qui s'appuie notamment sur l'expérimentation, à quelques reprises, de communautés nouvelles (ou « villages coopératifs »). Ce modèle a connu un succès intéressant dans plusieurs agglomérations urbaines, à Sherbrooke, dans la Mauricie, dans les Bois-Francs et dans les villes satellites de la région montréalaise notamment. Malgré quelques réussites, il pénêtre plus difficilement le milieu montréalais où il finit toutefois par trouver sa place dans la deuxième moitié des années 1950

SMS-based One-Time Passwords: Attacks and Defense

SMS-based One-Time Passwords (SMS OTP) were introduced to counter phishing and other attacks against Internet services such as online banking. Today, SMS OTPs are commonly used for authentication and authorization for many different applications. Recently, SMS OTPs have come under heavy attack, especially by smartphone trojans. In this paper, we analyze the security architecture of SMS OTP systems and study attacks that pose a threat to Internet-based authentication and authorization services. We determined that the two foundations SMS OTP is built on, cellular networks and mobile handsets, were completely different at the time when SMS OTP was designed and introduced. Throughout this work, we show why SMS OTP systems cannot be considered secure anymore. Based on our findings, we propose mechanisms to secure SMS OTPs against common attacks and specifically against smartphone trojans

Is Credit Event Risk Priced? Modeling Contagion via the Updating of Beliefs.

Empirical tests of reduced form models of default attribute a large fraction of observed credit spreads to compensation for jump-to-default risk. However, these models preclude a "contagion-risk'' channel, where the aggregate corporate bond index reacts adversely to a credit event. In this paper, we propose a tractable model for pricing corporate bonds subject to contagion-risk. We show that when investors have fragile beliefs (Hansen and Sargent (2009)), contagion premia may be sizable even if P-measure contagion across defaults is small. We find empirical support for contagion in bond returns in response to large credit events. Model calibrations suggest that while contagion risk premia may be sizable, jump-to-default risk premia have an upper bound of a few basis points.

Aspects et mesure de la qualité de vie : évolution et renouvellement des tableaux de bord métropolitains

La mesure de la qualité de vie à l’intérieur des espaces urbains préoccupe les administrations publiques depuis nombre d’années. Cet article passe en revue les modèles de mesure de la qualité de vie développés par les métropoles canadiennes. Il s’interroge sur l’évolution de ces modèles de mesure et sur leur capacité à rendre compte des différentes problématiques désormais associées à la notion de qualité de vie comme le développement social, l’environnement, la société du risque, les ambiances urbaines ou la compétitivité urbaine.For a number of years now, government bodies at all levels have been concerned with measuring quality of life within urban areas. This paper reviews the models used by Canada’s metropolises to measure quality of life. It examines how the models have evolved and their capacity to consider various issues which have become associated with the notion of quality of life, such as social development, environment, risk society, urban surroundings, or urban competitiveness

Studying Neolithic lithics – from a cross-border dialogue to a common language

This paper aims at introducing a recent European collaborative project dedicated to lithic studies of the Neolithic. It unites a group of archaeologists from France, the United Kingdom, Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany, who belong to different research traditions. Our first meetings stressed the need for a cross-border dialogue and a common language for lithic analysis, including raw material analysis, blank production and tool production. We began by highlighting the differences and proximities between the different approaches, the potentialities to bridge these differences, the archaeological goals and the training needed. Our project, therefore, aims to harmonise our study practices in order to promote international communication and collaboration.In diesem Beitrag soll ein kürzlich ins Leben gerufenes europäisches Gemeinschaftsprojekt vorgestellt werden, das sich mit lithischen Studien des Neolithikums befasst. Es vereint eine Gruppe von Archäolog*innen aus Frankreich, dem Vereinigten Königreich, Belgien, den Niederlanden und Deutschland, die unterschiedlichen Forschungstraditionen angehören. Unsere ersten Treffen verdeutlichten die Notwendigkeit eines grenzüber- schreitenden Dialogs und einer gemeinsamen Sprache für die lithische Analyse, zu der die Analyse des Rohmaterials, der Grundformproduktion und der Werkzeugproduktion gehören. Wir begannen damit, die Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten zwischen den verschiedenen Ansätzen, die Möglichkeiten zur Überbrückung dieser Unterschiede, die archäologischen Ziele und die erforderliche Ausbildung herauszustellen. Unser Projekt zielt darauf ab, unsere Untersuchungspraktiken zu vereinheitlichen, um die internationale Kommunikation und Zusammenarbeit zu fördern

Physiologie de la reproduction et endocrinologie chez les cervidés : une revue

peer reviewedKnowledge about cervids are rapidly growing. This work aims to present the more recent scientific information on reproductive physiology and endocrinology of the cervids: anatomy of the genital tract, length of breeding season, parameters and endocrinology of the reproductive cycle, endocrinology of pregnancy. It also aims to highlight differences between cervids and domestic ruminants such as embryonic diapause observed in Capreolus capreolus.Les connaissances relatives aux cervidés sont de plus en plus étendues. La présente synthèse vise à rapporter à partir des données récentes de la littérature les caractéristiques essentielles de la reproduction des principales espèces : anatomie de l’appareil reproducteur, durée de la saison de reproduction, différents paramètres du cycle sexuel, endocrinologie du cycle sexuel et de la gestation. Il vise également à mettre en évidence les particularités différenciant les cervidés des ruminants domestiques, telle par exemple la diapause embryonnaire rencontrée chez le chevreuil

Spontaneous intake of essential oils after a negative postnatal experience has long-term effects on blood transcriptome in chickens

Chicks subjected to early stressful factors could develop long-lasting effects on their performances, welfare and health. Free access to essential oils (EO) in poultry farming could mitigate these effects and potentially reduce use of antimicrobial drugs. This study on chicken analyzed long-lasting effects of post-hatch adverse conditions (Delayed group), and the impact of EO intake on blood physiological parameters and transcriptome. Half of the Control and Delayed groups had free access to EO, while the other half had only water for the first 13 days post-hatching. Blood analyses of metabolites, inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers, and mRNA expression showed sex differences. Long-lasting effects of postnatal experience and EO intake persisted in blood transcriptome at D34. The early adverse conditions modified 68 genes in males and 83 genes in females. In Delayed males six transcription factors were over-represented (NFE2L2, MEF2A, FOXI1, Foxd3, Sox2 and TEAD1). In females only one factor was over-represented (PLAG1) and four under-represented (NFIL3, Foxd3, ESR2 and TAL

Promising Best Practices Implemented in Long- Term Care Facilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic to Address Social Isolation and Loneliness: A Scoping Review

Context: Throughout the current COVID-19 pandemic, tremendous effort has been made to implement innovative practices to address social isolation and loneliness (SIL) in long-term care facilities (LTCFs), disproportionally affected by COVID-19. These interventions have not yet been synthesized. This review intended to gather the current promising best practices (PBPs) implemented in LTCFs to alleviate SIL in older persons during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as during the SARS and H1N1 pandemics, using an intersectional lens. Methods: An extensive search was done in nine electronic databases. Arksey and O’Malley’s framework was used to format the scoping review. Two independent reviewers screened citations for inclusion, blindly. The selection of articles was conducted blindly by two coauthors. Finally, 16 studies were analyzed out of 9,077 records. Results: Two main themes of findings arose from this review. They comprised proximal PBPs directly addressing SIL in LTCF residents such as pseudo-contact interventions (e.g., chat from balcony or behind transparent barriers/glasses), remote communication tools (e.g., phone or video chat, voice mail/text messaging), and humanoid robots. Distal PBPs included measures implemented to prevent or mitigate the development of COVID-19, including COVID-19 screening approaches, outbreak preparedness, quarantining approaches for both residents and staff. Conclusion: This scoping review found varied PBP implemented during the multiple waves of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as evidence supporting their effectiveness. The contribution of this study is significant as most of the PBP investigated should be prioritized by public policymakers or institutions to provide more satisfactory services to the elderly and their families