DMTs and Covid-19 severity in MS: a pooled analysis from Italy and France

We evaluated the effect of DMTs on Covid-19 severity in patients with MS, with a pooled-analysis of two large cohorts from Italy and France. The association of baseline characteristics and DMTs with Covid-19 severity was assessed by multivariate ordinal-logistic models and pooled by a fixed-effect meta-analysis. 1066 patients with MS from Italy and 721 from France were included. In the multivariate model, anti-CD20 therapies were significantly associated (OR = 2.05, 95%CI = 1.39–3.02, p < 0.001) with Covid-19 severity, whereas interferon indicated a decreased risk (OR = 0.42, 95%CI = 0.18–0.99, p = 0.047). This pooled-analysis confirms an increased risk of severe Covid-19 in patients on anti-CD20 therapies and supports the protective role of interferon

Les dynamiques professionnelles des conducteurs routiers face à la réorganisation du transport routier de marchandises

Depuis une décennie, le métier de conducteur est affecté par des changements politiques, économiques, organisationnels et techniques. La transformation des conditions de travail qui en résulte contraint les conducteurs à retravailler les hiérarchies et les frontières identitaires de leur groupe professionnel. Pour comprendre les principes d'intégration des transformations en cours dans le métier, nous appréhendons la sphère professionnelle et la sphère hors-travail des routiers. A notre sens, l'interaction entre les deux sphères permet de comprendre comment les changements et innovations sont perçus, acceptés ou rejetés par les conducteurs routiers. Cette approche permet d'aborder les différentes étapes du métier, de la formation à l'insertion professionnelle et sociale jusqu'à la sortie du professionnel. Elle permet d'analyser sous un nouvel angle les évolutions des mobilités et des revendications professionnelles, les conflits qui traversent le groupe professionnel.TOURS-BU Lettres (372612102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Oesophageal and gastric obstruction in a cocaine body packer.

While the management of asymptomatic body packers is mainly conservative, few individuals will require surgery for acute toxicity related to packets rupture, intestinal obstruction or very slow progression of the packages. Obstruction of the lower oesophagus or stomach is not frequently reported. We report the case of a 49-year-old woman who had ingested 92 cocaine-containing packages. She was admitted to the hospital after opioid syndrome related to the intake of morphine and codeine to decrease intestinal transit. The presence of more than 80 packages was suspected in the stomach on the initial abdomen computed tomography. Due to the absence of progression of the packages after four days of well-conducted laxative therapy and to major gastric distension at abdomen tomography, surgery was decided and gastrotomy allowed the evacuation of 80 packages that were still present in the stomach or in the lower oesophagus. In addition, 12 other packages had been retrieved either after laxative therapy (9) or by evacuation via the anal canal (3) after palpation of the intestine during the surgical procedure. No complication was observed

Pneumopathies interstitielles diffuses idiopathiques Classification de Consensus International Multidisciplinaire de l'American Thoracic Society et de l'European Respiratory Society, principales entités anatomo-cliniques, et conduite du diagnostic

Voir Éditorial page 245.Avertissement : Cet article a été suscité par la publication citée en référence n° 1 ; il n'en constitue pas une traduction ni un résumé, mais a pour but de favoriser l'accès de son contenu aux pneumologues francophones. Cette publication demeure la référence primaire dans le domaine.National audienceIntroduction The classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias includes seven clinico-pathologic entities. The diagnosis is based on a multidisciplinary approach, integrating the clinical evaluation, the high-resolution computerised tomography, and the pathological pattern. State of the art A definitive diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis relies on the association of a suggestive clinico-radiological profile and a pathological pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia is a recently described clinico-pathologic entity, with a better prognosis than that of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Cryptogenic organising pneumonia has been included in the group of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias because of its idiopathic and multifocal characteristics, although it does not predominate in the lung interstitium. Desquamative interstitial pneumonia and respiratory bronchiolitis with interstitial lung disease are rare entities with predominance in young smoking adults. Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia, usually encountered in the context of Sjögren's syndrome, is very rare in its idiopathic form. Acute interstitial pneumonia is responsible for idiopathic acute respiratory distress syndrome. Perspectives The current classification of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias better defines the diagnostic criterias of each clinico-pathologic entity, and is expected to facilitate clinical research. Conclusions This classification has clinical implications, with prognostic and therapeutic significance.Introduction La classification des pneumopathies interstitielles diffuses (PID) idiopathiques comporte sept entités anatomocliniques, dont le diagnostic nécessite une approche multidisciplinaire, qui intègre l'évaluation clinique, le scanner thoracique de haute résolution, et l'aspect histopathologique pulmonaire. État des connaissances Un diagnostic formel de fibrose pulmonaire idiopathique repose sur l'association d'un profil radioclinique évocateur et d'une histologie de type pneumopathie interstitielle commune. La pneumopathie interstitielle non spécifique est une entité anatomoclinique récemment individualisée, dont le pronostic est meilleur que celui de la fibrose pulmonaire idiopathique. La pneumopathie organisée cryptogénique est incluse dans le cadre des pneumopathies interstitielles diffuses idiopathiques du fait de sa nature idiopathique et multifocale, bien qu'il ne s'agisse pas à proprement parler d'une pneumopathie interstitielle. La pneumopathie interstitielle desquamative et la bronchiolite respiratoire avec pneumopathie interstitielle sont des formes rares de PID idiopathique, qui atteignent préférentiellement l'adulte jeune fumeur. La pneumopathie interstitielle lymphocytaire, qui se rencontre notamment au cours du syndrome de Gougerot-Sjögren, est très rare dans sa forme idiopathique. La pneumopathie interstitielle aiguë réalise un syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë sans cause établie. Perspectives La classification actuelle des PID idiopathiques permet de préciser les critères diagnostiques de chaque entité anatomoclinique, et devrait faciliter la recherche clinique. Conclusions Cette classification revêt un intérêt clinique, notamment sur le plan thérapeutique et pronostique

Schistosoma bovis : vaccine effects of a recombinant homologous glutathione S-transferase in sheep

The economic importance of the trematode #Schistosoma bovis in African livestock has justified the development of a specific vaccine. Administered preventively to sheep, rSb28GST - the only molecule cloned from #S. bovis which has demonstrated vaccine potentialities in goats and cattle - reduced the mean worm burden in vaccinated animals and improved their health status compared with that of non-vaccinated controls. As in goats, but not in bovines, the fecundity of the settled worm pairs was not modified. Therefore, rSb28GST can be proposed as a universal tool for the prevention of clinical disorders engendered by the main schistosome species affecting domestic ruminants in the African continent. (Résumé d'auteur

Detection of an eosinophil derived neurotoxin in the urine of a patient with idiopathic chronic eosinophilic pneumonia

International audienc

Schistosoma bovis : vaccine effects of a recombinant homologous glutathione S-transferase in sheep

The economic importance of the trematode #Schistosoma bovis in African livestock has justified the development of a specific vaccine. Administered preventively to sheep, rSb28GST - the only molecule cloned from #S. bovis which has demonstrated vaccine potentialities in goats and cattle - reduced the mean worm burden in vaccinated animals and improved their health status compared with that of non-vaccinated controls. As in goats, but not in bovines, the fecundity of the settled worm pairs was not modified. Therefore, rSb28GST can be proposed as a universal tool for the prevention of clinical disorders engendered by the main schistosome species affecting domestic ruminants in the African continent. (Résumé d'auteur

Severe acute cardiomyopathy associated with venlafaxine overdose and possible role of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 polymorphisms.

Venlafaxine (VEN) is a serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor that causes usually a mild cardiotoxicity when ingested in overdose. We report a patient who developed acute heart failure following overdose. As the toxicokinetic data suggested a prolonged metabolism, genetic polymorphisms for cytochrome P450 isoenzymes CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 were also investigated

The oral route as a potential way of transmission of Schistosoma bovis in goats

The infectivity of #Schistosoma bovis$ cercariae administered orally was evaluated in Sahelian goats. Compared to the percutaneous route, a single massive oral dose resulted in a worm burden and in fecal egg excretion reduced by one-half. Surprisingly, tissue egg counts were increased by more than 4-fold. Fecundity of individual female schistosomes, was, therefore, markedly increased. When infective doses were administered weekly for 20 wk, both worm and egg burdens were doubled without modification of the individual worm pair fecundity. Repeated oral infections seem to have induced an acquired tolerance toward parasite antigens. These results confirm the epidemiologic relevance of the oral route in a host species inclined to become infected through drinking water rather than percutaneous exposures. (Résumé d'auteur