Quelques réflexions sur la façon dont Platon fait parler les lois

Antiphon is an essential author of the Sophist period. According to him, law is the enemy of man, because it forbids him to freely exercise his natural capacities. Plato in the Laws believes that one can live in harmony both with nature and positive law provided that the legislator has based the legitimacy of lawmaking on his knowledge of the divine project. Therefore, man can follow divine instructions, transmitted through the legislative discourse, and can comply with the best in his own nature. Each individual, in the City, lives individually his relation with law as is described in Crito, without this law becoming a ‘social contract’, since the political system finds coherence and harmony in the practice of binding collective rituals

High magnetic field induced charge density waves and sign reversal of the Hall coefficient in graphite

We report on the investigation of magnetic field induced charge density wave and Hall coefficient sign reversal in a quasi-two dimensional electronic system of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite under very strong magnetic field. The change of Hall sign coefficient from negative to positive occurs at low temperature and high magnetic field just after the charge density wave transition, suggesting the role of hole-like quasi-particles in this effect. Angular dependent measurements show that the charge density wave transition and Hall sign reversal fields follow the magnetic field component along the c-axis of graphite

Rapport sur les dispositifs d\u27accompagnement des collectivités locales à l\u27ouverture des données publiques

L\u27ouverture des données publiques s\u27est développée en France depuis quelques années à l\u27initiative de l\u27Etat et de collectivités locales pionnières. La généralisation de l’ouverture des données publiques dans les collectivités locales a été prévue à l’horizon 2018 par la loi pour une République numérique. Ce rapport a été commandé par les deux ministres à l’association Open Data France en juillet 2016, notamment en lien avec la loi pour une République numérique qui prévoit, pour les collectivités locales de plus de 3 500 habitants,une obligation d’open data par défaut

Integrating Conflict Driven Clause Learning to Local Search

This article introduces SatHyS (SAT HYbrid Solver), a novel hybrid approach for propositional satisfiability. It combines local search and conflict driven clause learning (CDCL) scheme. Each time the local search part reaches a local minimum, the CDCL is launched. For SAT problems it behaves like a tabu list, whereas for UNSAT ones, the CDCL part tries to focus on minimum unsatisfiable sub-formula (MUS). Experimental results show good performances on many classes of SAT instances from the last SAT competitions

A CSP solver focusing on FAC variables

International audienceThe contribution of this paper is twofold. On the one hand, it introduces a concept of FAC variables in discrete Constraint Satisfaction Prob- lems (CSPs). FAC variables can be discovered by local search techniques and powerfully exploited by MAC-based methods. On the other hand, a novel syn- ergetic combination schema between local search paradigms, generalized arc- consistency and MAC-based algorithms is presented. By orchestrating a multiple- way flow of information between these various fully integrated search compo- nents, it often proves more competitive than the usual techniques on most classes of instances

Preserving Partial Solutions while Relaxing Constraint Networks

International audienceThis paper is about transforming constraint net- works to accommodate additional constraints in specific ways. The focus is on two intertwined issues. First, we investigate how partial solutions to an initial network can be preserved from the potential impact of additional constraints. Second, we study how more permissive constraints, which are intended to enlarge the set of solutions, can be accommodated in a constraint network. These two problems are studied in the general case and the light is shed on their relationship. A case study is then investigated where a more permissive additional constraint is taken into account through a form of network relaxation, while some previous partial solutions are preserved at the same time

Relax!

International audienceThis paper is concerned with a form of relaxation of constraint networks. The focus is on situations where additional constraints are intended to extend a non- empty set of preexisting solutions. These constraints require a speci c treatment since merely inserting them inside the network would lead to their preemption by more restrictive ones. Several approaches to handle these additional constraints are investigated from con- ceptual and experimental points of view

La cité grecque est soluble dans l’eau chaude

La ville des Grecs, dans sa perfection, devait être un espace où l’eau était fournie à chacun des habitants sans qu’il dût se restreindre. Cela tient à ce qu’elle est, comme le savait déjà Pindare qui fait de cette affirmation les premiers mots de sa première Olympienne, le bien le plus précieux qui soit. Les cités, dès l’époque ancienne de la Grèce, devaient donc être qualifiées de riches de cette ressource. Corinthe fut célébrée pour être euhydros par une épigramme de Simonide publiée à l’o..