0098: Erythrocyte membrane phospholipid fatty acids, dairy intakes and cardiovascular risk

IntroductionThe impact of dairy fats on cardiovascular risk has been debated. Circulating Pentadecanoic (15:0) and heptadecanoic (17:0) saturated fatty acids are good biomarkers of dairy product consumption as they are mainly provided by dairy fats. We described the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors according to erythrocyte membrane phospholipid content in 15:0 and 17:0 fatty acids.Methods402 women and men aged 45-64 were randomly selected in 2005-2007, from the general population of three French areas. Nutritional data were collected through a 3-day food record. Fatty acid content was measured in erythrocyte membrane phospholipids.ResultsErythrocyte membrane contents in 15:0 and 17:0 fatty acids significantly increased with the consumption of dairy products collected during the 3-day food record. Prevalence of hypertension significantly decreased from the lowest to the highest quartile of 15:0 erythrocyte content (48.1%; 33.3%; 29.9%; 25.5%; p=0.005). A similar trend was observed for metabolic syndrome prevalence (39.4%; 28.1%; 25.2%; 21.3%; p=0.029). Prevalence of hypertension, hypertriglyceridaemia, overweight and metabolic syndrome significantly decreased from the lowest to the highest quartile of 17:0 erythrocyte content (44.1%; 36.5%; 28.1%; 25.6%; p=0.020 for hypertension; 30.3%; 15.4%; 16.9%; 16.7%; p=0.017 for hypertriglyceridaemia; 68.1%; 58.7%; 46.6%; 44.4%; p=0.002 for overweight; and 43.2%; 26.9%; 22.5%; 17.8%; p<0.001 for metabolic syndrome). All these relationships remained significant after adjustment for age and gender. The link did not reach significance level for diabetes.ConclusionElevated erythrocyte membrane phospholipid contents in 15:0 and 17:0 saturated fatty acids are associated with a lower prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and several of its components. These results suggest that saturated fat intake should not be systematically associated with high cardiovascular risk and can be considered as part of a balanced diet

Absorption and metabolism of conjugated α-linolenic acid given as free fatty acids or triacylglycerols in rats

Background: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a group of polyunsaturated fatty acids which have been extensively studied in the past two decades. However, conjugated octadecatrienoic acid such as cis-9,trans-11,cis-15 and cis-9,trans-13,cis-15, recently identified, have not been extensively investigated. This work presents bioavailability and tissue incorporation of a mixture of conjugated octadecatrienoic (CLnA) acids ingested as free fatty acids (FFA) and triacylglycerols (TAG). Results: Male Wistar rats were fed rumenic acid (RA: cis-9,trans-11 18:2) and a CLnA mixture (cis9,trans-11,cis-15 18:3 and cis-9,trans-13,cis-15 18:3) as FFA and TAG for 8 days. RA and CLnA were both totally absorbed when given as FFA as well as TAG. Both isomers of CLnA as FFA or TAG were incorporated into neutral lipids. Metabolites up to 22:6 conjugated isomers were present in liver and plasma phospholipids of rats fed the CLnA diets. Conclusion: Finally, CLnA are as well absorbed as RA in vivo and their incorporation into tissues and bioconversion are similar when ingested as FFA or as TAG

Food metabolomics applied in cohorts to accelerate the discovery of nutritional biomarkers

communication orale : Claudine ManachThe Second International Congress of Translational Research in Human Nutrition is organised by the Research Centre in Human Nutrition (CRNH) of Auvergne, of which INRA is a member, in collaboration with NuGO, European Association of universities and research institutes in the field of nutrigenomics.The purpose of dietary assessment is to estimate usual and recent intake of foods, nutrients, bioactive compounds and food contaminants for exploration of associations with health outcomes and monitoring of population nutritional status. These data are still extremely difficult to obtain. Methods currently used are based on dietary questionnaires which have inherent limitations linked to self-reporting. A complementary approach to questionnaires is the use of biomarkers. However, only a few biomarkers have been properly validated, which do not cover the wide range offoods consumed. Metabolomics has emerged as a promising approach to discover nutritional biomarkers. Typically, plasma or urine samples collected before and after acute intake of a specific food are profiled using NMR or high resolution Mass Spectrometry (MS) and compared usingmultivariate statistics to pinpoint the signals reflecting the consumption of the target food. In a proof-of-concept study on citrus, we showed that urine profiling of cohort subjects stratified by consumption could be a more effective strategy for discovery of sensitive biomarkers of intake

Use of high resolution mass spectrometry for identification of specific biomarkers of coffee consumption

Présentation poster : Y. FillâtreThe Second International Congress of Translational Research in Human Nutrition is organised by the Research Centre in Human Nutrition (CRNH) of Auvergne, of which INRA is a member, in collaboration with NuGO, European Association of universities and research institutes in the field of nutrigenomicsANR Phenomenep ALIA-2010-007 Conseil Regional Auvergne-FEDER post-doc grantAs part of the ANR PhenoMeNEp project, non-targeted profiling is used to identify potential biomarkers of plant food consumption. Using 24 hour dietary recall and food frequency questionnaire data, 144 high (median 974 grams/day) and 66 low (median 305 grams/day) consumers of fruit and vegetables were selected from the French SU.VI.MAX2 cohort. Morning spot urine samples from each subjec

La matière grasse laitière. Introduction

IntroductionNational audienceRuminant milk contains from 3 to 5% fat. Milk fat is a complex mixture of triacylglycerols, di-and mono-acylglycerols, complex lipids and of fat soluble components. Milk fat is present as globules which are covered by a membrane. The membrane is mainly composed of phospholipids, glycolipids and enzymes while the core of the milk fat globules is mainly composed of triacylglycerols. In fact triacyglycerols represent more than 95% of the total lipids. Saturated fatty acids represent from 65-70% of total fatty acids. The major ones are myristic acid or 14:0 (10-12%), palmitic acid (25-35%), and stearic acid (10%). Other saturated fatty acids include short (C4, C6) and middle chain (C8-C14) isomers as well as branched and odd carbon number fatty acids. Oleic acid is one of the major fatty acids, representing around 20-25% of the total fatty acids of milk fat. Milk fat also includes trans fatty acids, the major isomer being vaccenic acid or 18:1-11t and conjugated fatty acids, rumenic acid or 18:2-9c, 11t representing more than 90% of the total conjugated fatty acid isomers. Fatty acid composition of milk fat can be modulated by different factors which include the type of feeding, the season, the number of lactation and the animal breed. Polar lipids which are minor components of milk fat are mainly constituted of glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids. Milk fat also contains 4 fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) as well as carotenoids.Le lait de vache contient entre 3 % et 5 % de matière grasse. La matière grasse est un mélange complexe de triacylglycérols, di-et mono-acylglycérols, lipides complexes, et de composés liposolubles. Ces lipides sont dispersés dans le lait sous forme de globules lipidiques inclus dans une membrane dérivée des cellules sécrétoires de la glande mammaire et de diamètre compris entre 2 et 6 µm. La majorité des lipides est représentée par les triacylglycérols (TAG), qui constituent plus de 95 % des lipides totaux. Les lipides du lait sont constitués de 65 à 70 % d'acides gras saturés. Les principaux sont l'acide myristique ou 14:0 (10-12 %), l'acide palmitique (25-30 %), et l'acide stéarique (10 %). Il existe des acides saturés à chaîne moyenne (de 8 à 14 carbones), des acides gras saturés à chaîne courte (C4, C6), des acides gras saturés à nombre impair de carbone et des acides gras ramifiés. L'acide oleique est un des acides gras majeurs. Sont également présents des acides gras trans monoinsaturés, dont l'isomère principal est l'acide vaccénique (18:1-11t) et des acides gras conjugués dont l'isomère majeur est l'acide ruménique ou 18:2-9c, 11t. Les lipides polaires, principalement localisés dans la membrane du globule gras, sont constitués d'un mélange de glycérophospholipides et de sphingolipides. Ce sont des constituants mineurs du lait. La matière grasse laitière contient quatre vitamines liposolubles (A, D, E et K) ainsi que des caroténoïdes provitaminiques A comme par exemple le -carotène dont les teneurs peuvent en partie être modulées par l'alimentation. Différents facteurs (alimentation, saison, région d'élevage, race et stade de lactation) peuvent également modifier le profil en acides gras du lait

Huiles marines

chap. 4National audienc

Utilisation de la chromatographie sur couche mince couplee au detecteur a ionisation de flamme (Iatroscan) pour l'etude d'echantillons lipidiques

National audienc

Concentration d'acides gras polyinsatures en w 3 a partir d'huiles de poissons. Transformation de l'EPA et du DHA (22:6w3) au cours des traitements thermiques

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Hydrogénation par le nickel d'acides gras hautement insaturés dans les huiles de poissons

National audienc

La structure et les effets physiologiques des composés formés durant la friture

International audienc