New World Hantavirus in Humans, French Guiana

International audienceNew World hantavirus in humans, French Guiana

Resistance to Dihydroartemisinin

International audienc

Plasmodium vivax Malaria among Military Personnel, French Guiana, 1998–2008

We obtained health surveillance epidemiologic data on malaria among French military personnel deployed to French Guiana during 1998–2008. Incidence of Plasmodium vivax malaria increased and that of P. falciparum remained stable. This new epidemiologic situation has led to modification of malaria treatment for deployed military personnel

Proposal of a framework for evaluating military surveillance systems for early detection of outbreaks on duty areas

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In recent years a wide variety of epidemiological surveillance systems have been developed to provide early identification of outbreaks of infectious disease. Each system has had its own strengths and weaknesses. In 2002 a Working Group of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) produced a framework for evaluation, which proved suitable for many public health surveillance systems. However this did not easily adapt to the military setting, where by necessity a variety of different parameters are assessed, different constraints placed on the systems, and different objectives required. This paper describes a proposed framework for evaluation of military syndromic surveillance systems designed to detect outbreaks of disease on operational deployments.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The new framework described in this paper was developed from the cumulative experience of British and French military syndromic surveillance systems. The methods included a general assessment framework (CDC), followed by more specific methods of conducting evaluation. These included Knowledge/Attitude/Practice surveys (KAP surveys), technical audits, ergonomic studies, simulations and multi-national exercises. A variety of military constraints required integration into the evaluation. Examples of these include the variability of geographical conditions in the field, deployment to areas without prior knowledge of naturally-occurring disease patterns, the differences in field sanitation between locations and over the length of deployment, the mobility of military forces, turnover of personnel, continuity of surveillance across different locations, integration with surveillance systems from other nations working alongside each other, compatibility with non-medical information systems, and security.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A framework for evaluation has been developed that can be used for military surveillance systems in a staged manner consisting of initial, intermediate and final evaluations. For each stage of the process parameters for assessment have been defined and methods identified.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The combined experiences of French and British syndromic surveillance systems developed for use in deployed military forces has allowed the development of a specific evaluation framework. The tool is suitable for use by all nations who wish to evaluate syndromic surveillance in their own military forces. It could also be useful for civilian mobile systems or for national security surveillance systems.</p

Value of syndromic surveillance within the Armed Forces for early warning during a dengue fever outbreak in French Guiana in 2006

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A dengue fever outbreak occured in French Guiana in 2006. The objectives were to study the value of a syndromic surveillance system set up within the armed forces, compared to the traditional clinical surveillance system during this outbreak, to highlight issues involved in comparing military and civilian surveillance systems and to discuss the interest of syndromic surveillance for public health response.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Military syndromic surveillance allows the surveillance of suspected dengue fever cases among the 3,000 armed forces personnel. Within the same population, clinical surveillance uses several definition criteria for dengue fever cases, depending on the epidemiological situation. Civilian laboratory surveillance allows the surveillance of biologically confirmed cases, within the 200,000 inhabitants.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>It was shown that syndromic surveillance detected the dengue fever outbreak several weeks before clinical surveillance, allowing quick and effective enhancement of vector control within the armed forces. Syndromic surveillance was also found to have detected the outbreak before civilian laboratory surveillance.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Military syndromic surveillance allowed an early warning for this outbreak to be issued, enabling a quicker public health response by the armed forces. Civilian surveillance system has since introduced syndromic surveillance as part of its surveillance strategy. This should enable quicker public health responses in the future.</p

Clinical and Virological Study of Dengue Cases and the Members of Their Households: The Multinational DENFRAME Project

Dengue is the most important mosquito-borne viral disease in humans. This disease is now endemic in more than 100 countries and threatens more than 2.5 billion people living in tropical countries. It currently affects about 50 to 100 million people each year. It causes a wide range of symptoms, from an inapparent to mild dengue fever, to severe forms, including dengue hemorrhagic fever. Currently no specific vaccine or antiviral drugs are available. We carried out a prospective clinical study in South-East Asia and Latin America, of virologically confirmed dengue-infected patients attending the hospital, and members of their households. Among 215 febrile dengue subjects, 177 agreed to household investigation. Based on our data, we estimated the proportion of dengue-infected household members to be about 45%. At the time of the home visit, almost three quarters of (29/39) presented an inapparent dengue infection. The proportion of inapparent dengue infection was higher in South-East Asia than in Latin America. These findings confirm the complexity of dengue disease in humans and the need to strengthen multidisciplinary research efforts to improve our understanding of virus transmission and host responses to dengue virus in various human populations

Vers une agriculture à hautes performances environnementales : état des lieux des voies d’amélioration technique proposées par l’INRA

National audienceThe analysis of environmental impacts of agriculture (positive as well as negative), their measurement, their evaluation and the design of sustainable technical options are central issues of many research programs. Based on the work of 12 expert groups dealing with animal (6 groups) and crop (6 groups) productions, this paper synthesizes 191 technical solutions, designed or studied by INRA, making it possible to improve environmental performances of farms, without reducing their economic viability or the one of the supply chains. These solutions improve different environmental criteria: 32 % aim at preserving scarce resources (water, energy, soils…); 50 % aim at reducing pollution by nitrogen, GHG, pesticides… ; 13 % are designed to preserve biodiversity, and 5 % to preserve landscapes. For animal production, the main levers are feeding practices and livestock systems. For crop production, the main levers are cultivar breeding and cropping systems. An important contribution is noticed on system redesign, mainly for crop and cattle production. About half of the solutions are already operational.L’analyse des impacts environnementaux de l’agriculture (qu’ils soient positifs ou négatifs), leur mesure, leur évaluation et l’élaboration d’alternatives techniques durables aux pratiques actuelles sont ainsi au coeur de nombreux programmes de recherche. Basé sur l’analyse de 12 groupes d’experts du secteur végétal (6 filières) et animal (6 filières), ce texte fait la synthèse des 191 solutions techniques conçues ou étudiées par l’INRA permettant d’améliorer les performances environnementales des exploitations agricoles, sans mettre en cause leur viabilité ou celle des filières. Ces solutions concernent différents critères environnementaux : 32 % visent à préserver des ressources rares (eau, énergie, sols…), 50 % visent à réduire les rejets (Azote, gaz à effets de serre, pesticides,…), 13 % cherchent à préserver la biodiversité et 5 % s’adressent au paysage. Dans les filières animales, les principaux leviers mis en oeuvre concernent les pratiques d’alimentation et les systèmes d’élevage ; dans les filières végétales, il s’agit de la sélection variétale et des systèmes de culture. On note un important investissement, dans les filières végétales et l’élevage de ruminants, dans la reconception de systèmes agricoles. La moitié de ces solutions sont déjà opérationnelles

Campagne de vaccination contre la rougeole au profit des enfants de Meulaboh [Sumatra] (un exemple d'action de santé publique en situation de crise)

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF