Towards a standardized characterization of the potentially migrating silver European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.)

We defined a standardized method for discriminating candidate silver eels that may undergo catadromous migration in the following season from the sedentary fraction of a population. A combination of two qualitative criteria (state of differentiation of the lateral line and colour contrast) and one quantitative criterion (Ocular Index OI) was used to determine the development toward silvering. In the non-migratory phase, we found a gradient of the three criteria between yellow (0 criterion), presilver (1 to 2 criteria) and silver (3 criteria) eels. In the migrant phase, silver eels had ended their metamorphosis process and were characterized at the same time by the presence of the 3 silvering criteria. A mark-recapture survey using PIT-tags provided evidence that only identified silver eels (3 silvering criteria present) in the catchment actually emigrated the following season. Moreover, the use of a single criterion of silvering among the three generated large variation in the estimated proportion of candidates for emigration which varied between –22% and +63 %. Such a result confirmed that a multicriteria approach is needed to characterize in a standard way the potentially migrating silver eel

Mesures de l’efficacité des entreprises artisanales de pêche

In this paper, efficiency of artisanal fishing firms is measured using a method elaborated by Yotopoulos and Lau (AER, March 1973). It shows that this method could be used by fishery managers to find new criteria when it comes to decide which fishermen should be granted a license, when entry into the fisheries ought to be limited. The main results may however appear surprising in that they reveal that as a whole fishermen are price efficient, although those more open to new technology have a more business like behavior and tend to be more efficient than the others. Finally those with a larger experience of the labor market outside fisheries reveal a behavior consistant with a perception of the opportunity cost of their labor higher than that shown by those with little experience outside of fisheries

Se découvrir en se racontant

Ce travail de recherche consiste à analyser ce que produit la participation d’un groupe d’adolescents, vivant des difficultés personnelles, familiales, scolaires et sociales, à un atelier de création basé sur le récit de vie dans lequel la question du « Qui suis-je ? » est prédominante. L’objectif de ce Travail de Bachelor est de comprendre comment les adolescents en question se définissent afin d’avoir des pistes d’intervention en fonction de leurs représentations d’eux-mêmes

Developing economies in the current climate regime : new prospects for resilience and sustainability ? The case of CDM projects in Asia

23 p.This paper offers a review of the current position of developing countries in the climate regime and international negotiations based primarily on the analysis of implementation of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). The paper will place emphasis on changes in national policies to accommodate CDM projects, focussing on the scope and rationale for bottom-up policies and measures as part of development strategies favouring more resilience and sustainability. Two issues are addressed more specifically: firstly regional specificity among developing areas and notably the pre-eminence of projects located in Asia, and secondly the relevance of CDM projects for both sustained growth and effective mitigation strategies. Regarding the latter, we consider that CDM project multiplication does question the relevance of national policies and the diversity of actors/stakeholders to foster upgraded domestic well targeted development strategies. Our research considers differences between developing countries and regions regarding selection and implementation of climate mitigation projects- with reference to their GHG emissions and national energy profiles (calculation from Enerdata source and IEA). It refers to selected cases of projects in East Asia - focus on China and Asean countries - showing particular sector selection patterns (differing between semi industrial economies and less developed countries) and diversification of stakeholders for development (role of regional actors within Asia). The analysis is based on international data base of CDM projects (United Nations) and secondary data from IGES (Japan) and Enerdata. The conclusion will examine prospects for CDM in a post 2012 climate régime for developing economies and the future relevance of CDM projects in the framework of Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions.A partir d'une analyse de la mise en oeuvre du Mécanisme de Développement Propre, ce papier vise à préciser les modalités d'intégration des pays en développement dans le régime climatique, et en particulier à mettre en évidence une différenciation entre les pays, entre les grandes régions. Ceci permet de s'interroger sur deux aspects peu évoqués jusqu'à présent : d'une part la possible dimension régionale dans les politiques climatiques nationales et internationales et d'autre part la pertinence des projets MDP face au défi d'une bonne articulation entre les efforts des politiques climatiques et la soutenabilité des stratégies de développement. Ces aspects sont analysés plus particulièrement dans le cas de pays d'Asie du sud-est (économies semi-industrialisées et pays moins développés de l'ASEAN). Finalement, on s'interroge sur les enjeux de la transition du régime climatique dans une perspective post-2012

Computation of shock profiles in radiative hydrodynamics

International audienceThis article is devoted to the construction of a numerical scheme to solve the equations of radiative hydrodynamics. We use this numerical procedure to compute shock profiles and illustrate some earlier theoretical results about their smoothness and monotonicity properties. We first consider a scalar toy model, then we extend our analysis to a more realistic system for the radiative hydrodynamics that couples the Euler equations and an elliptic equation

Musicothérapie et maladie d'Alzheimer: quels sont ses effets sur les symptômes comportementaux et psychologiques de la démence ?

A l’heure actuelle, la population vieillissante, en fulgurante croissance, développe des pathologies chroniques et des démences liées à l’âge. La démence la plus répandue est la maladie d’Alzheimer. Celle-ci s’accompagne de symptômes comportementaux et psychologiques (SCPD) qui engendrent une difficulté dans la prise en charge. Bien souvent, la gestion des manifestations se fait par le biais de médicaments lourds en effets secondaires. La musicothérapie peut être une alternative