Vitamina A e peroxidação lipídica em pacientes com diferentes formas de hanseníase

Leprosy, a chronic infectious disease, is caused by a Mycobacterium leprae infection. After India, Brazil has the second greatest number of cases in the world. Increase of oxidative stress and antioxidant deficiency are present in infected subjects and can be related to infection progression. We studied alterations in serum levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and vitamin A in patients with different forms of leprosy. Four groups of leprosy patients and a control group (healthy subjects) were selected, and their vitamin A serum levels and LPO profile, measured as malonaldehyde (MDA) were measured by spectrophotometric assays. The mean MDA serum levels (µmol/L) were 3.80 ± 0.5 for control group and 10.54 ± 1.1 in the leprosy patients and this increase was gradual, being more accentuated in severe forms of the disease. Also, the vitamin A serum levels (µg/dL) were diminished in the infected subjects (38.51 ± 4.2), mainly in lepromatous form, when compared with the control group (53.8 ± 5.6). These results indicate that LPO can be an important factor in Mycobacterium leprae infection, which can be related to increases in phagocytic activity and the general breakdown of antioxidants, contributing to an increase of LPO during infection progression. The evaluation of oxidant/antioxidant status in these patients can be an important factor in the treatment, control, and/or prognosis of this disease.A hanseníase, doença infecciosa crônica, é causada pelo Mycobacterium leprae. Depois da Índia, o Brasil possui o segundo maior número de casos no mundo. O aumento do estresse oxidativo e da deficiência das defesas antioxidantes estão presentes em indivíduos infectados e podem associar-se à progressão da infecção. Foram estudadas alterações nos níveis séricos da peroxidação lipídica e vitamina A em pacientes com diferentes formas de hanseníase. Foram selecionados para o estudo quatro grupos de pacientes com hanseníase e um grupo controle (indivíduos saudáveis) e os níveis séricos de vitamina A e a peroxidação lipídica, medida através do malondialdeído (MDA), foram determinados por métodos espectrofotométricos. Os níveis séricos médios de MDA (µmol/L) foram 3,80 ± 0,5 no grupo controle e 10,54 ± 1,1 nos pacientes com hanseníase. Sendo este aumento gradual e exacerbado nas formas mais severas da doença. Quanto à vitamina A, os níveis séricos (µg/dL) encontraram-se diminuídos nos indivíduos infectados (38.51 ± 4.2), principalmente na forma lepromatosa, quando comparados com o grupo controle (53.8 ± 5.6). Estes resultados indicam que a peroxidação lipídica pode ser um fator importante na infecção mediada pelo Mycobacterium leprae podendo estar relacionada ao aumento da atividade fagocítica pelos macrófagos contribuindo para um aumento da LPO durante a progressão da infecção. A avaliação do perfil oxidante/antioxidante nestes pacientes pode ser um fator importante no tratamento, controle e/ou prognóstico desta doença

Poredbene hematološke i biokemijske analize divovske amazonske kornjače uzgajane pod lošim i normalnim hranidbenim uvjetima

Besides indicating the baseline values of the species, blood parameter assessments of chelonian may also be used as quick tools for diagnosing health status. An investigation was carried out to assess and compare red blood cells parameters, white blood cell (WBC) and total thrombocyte counts and certain blood biochemical parameters for freshwater turtles, Podocnemis expansa Schweigger, 1812 (Pelomedusidae) reared on normal (control group) and poor nutrition (malnourished group). For the malnourished turtles, a signififi cant decrease (P<0.05) in red blood cell counts was found, including hematocrit, plasma glucose, plasma total protein, cholesterol and urea levels, as well as WBC counts, azurophils and heterophils. Malnutrition did not alter the hemostasis, but caused severe normocytic-hypocromic anemia and marked immune depression, which were diagnosed here. This study was the fifi rst to characterize the physiological and immune status of giant turtles from the Amazon under adverse nutritional conditions.Osim za utvrđivanje osnovnih vrijednosti osebujnih za vrstu, pretraživanje krvnih pokazatelja može u kornjača biti rabljeno za brzo određivanje njihova zdravstvenoga stanja. Istraživanje je poduzeto da se odrede i usporede pokazatelji crvenih krvnih stanica, bijelih krvnih stanica, ukupnog broja trombocita i neki biokemijski pokazatelji za slatkovodne kornjače Podocnemis expansa Schweigger, 1812 (Pelomedusidae) uzgajane u normalnim (kontrolna skupina) i lošim hranidbenim uvjetima (pokusna skupina). U kornjača uzgajanih u lošim uvjetima ustanovljen je značajno smanjen (P<0,05) broj crvenih krvnih stanica kao i smanjene vrijednosti hematokrita, razine glukoze u plazmi, razine ukupnih proteina plazme, kolesterola i mokraćevine te broj bijelih krvnih stanica, azurofila i heterofila. Loša hranidba nije utjecala na hemostazu, ali je prouzročila tešku normocitnu hipokromnu anemiju i znatnu imunodepresiju. Ovo je prvo istraživanje u kojem je prikazan fiziološki i imunološki status divovske kornjače iz Amazone, držane u nepovoljnim hranidbenim uvjetima