Studi Pengendalian Persediaan pada Terapi Penyakit Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 dengan Metode ABC Indeks Kritis

Guna mendukung keberhasilan terapi penyakit diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2), ketersediaan persediaan seperti obat penting untuk dikendalikan secara efektif dan efisien oleh pelayanan kesehatan seperti rumah sakit (RS) dan apotek. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan membandingkan pengendalian persediaan obat penyakit DMT2 menggunakan metode ABC indeks kritis pada suatu RS dan apotek yang ada di provinsi Bali. Jenis penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross-sectional ini menggunakan data sekunder, meliputi data penjualan, investasi, harga jual, dan nilai kritis persediaan selama tahun 2019. Data tersebut diolah dan hasil indeks kritis (ik) pada tiap obat ditempatkan pada kelompok Aik, Bik, dan Cik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas persediaan obat antidiabetes pada apotek berada pada kelompok Cik (52,78%) dibandingkan kelompok Aik (30,56%), sedangkan pada RS, yaitu berada pada kelompok Aik dan Bik(38,10%). Pada praktik kefarmasian di RS dan apotek setempat, persediaan obat antidiabetes pada kelompok Aik seperti insulin dan metformin menjadi prioritas dalam perencanaannya

Pola Permukiman Desa-Desa di Pulau Nusa Penida, Bali

Pulau Nusa Penida memiliki kondisi geografi dan geologi yang berbukit-bukit dan memiliki lapisan tanah yang tipis dan berbatu serta bagian utara dan timur pulau merupakan daerah pesisir. Nusa Penida memiliki latar belakang sejarah sebagai pulau pengasingan pada jaman Kerajaan Klungkung sehingga terdapat dua kelompok penduduk yang mendiami pulau tersebut yaitu penduduk asli dan penduduk pendatang. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengidentifikasi pola permukiman desa-desa di Pulau Nusa Penida melalui pendekatan kondisi fisik dan latar belakang sejarah. Metode yang dipergunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif naturalistik dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan pemahaman konsep-konsep Nusa Penida. Metode analisis yang dipergunakan adalah induktif naturalistik melalui pendekatan empirik snesual, etik, emik dan logik. Temuan yang dihasilkan dalam penelitian ini yaitu (1) pola permukiman yaitu organik dan kluster; (2) orientasi berkiblat pada kontur yang tinggi dan matahari terbit; (3) kondisi alam, latar belakang sejarah dan sistem kepercayaan mempengaruhi pola permukiman desa-desa di Nusa Penida

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Structure of a Major Lens Protein, Human gamma C-Crystallin: Role of the Dipole Moment in Protein Solubility

A hallmark of the crystallin proteins is their exceptionally high solubility, which is vital for maintaining the high refractive index of the eye lens. Human gamma C-crystallin is a major gamma-crystallin whose mutant forms are associated with congenital cataracts but whose three-dimensional structure is not known. An earlier study of a homology model concluded that human gamma C-crystallin has low intrinsic solubility, mainly because of the atypical magnitude and fluctuations of its dipole moment. On the contrary, the high-resolution tertiary structure of human gamma C-crystallin determined here shows unequivocally that it is a highly soluble, monomeric molecule in solution. Notable differences between the orientations and interactions of several side chains are observed upon comparison to those in the model. No evidence of the pivotal role ascribed to the effect of dipole moment on protein solubility was found. The nuclear magnetic resonance structure should facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the deleterious effects of cataract-associated mutations in human gamma C-crystallin

Deamidation of Human γS-Crystallin Increases Attractive Protein Interactions: Implications for Cataract

Deamidation of proteins is one of the most prevalent post-translational modifications found upon aging, and in age-onset diseases. Specific asparagine and glutamine residues are often selectively deamidated during this process. In the human lens, deamidation has been shown to occur in many crystallins, but it is not clear how these deamidated proteins lead to lens opacity or cataract. Here we have modeled <i>in vitro</i> the effect of deamidation of specific asparagine and glutamine residues in human recombinant γS-crystallin (HGS) on the solution properties of the protein. The residues selected for deamidation <i>in vitro</i> are those that are found to be deamidated in aged and cataractous lenses <i>in vivo</i>. Two derivatives were prepared, one with Asn76 and Asn143 deamidated (2N-HGS) and the other with two additional Gln residues (92 and 120) deamidated (2N2Q-HGS). Isoelectric focusing measurements showed the expected lowering of the pI from 6.9 in HGS to ∼6.5 in 2N-HGS and to ∼6.1 in 2N2Q-HGS. However, spectroscopic studies showed no significant change in the secondary and tertiary structures of the deamidated proteins relative to the wild type. The stability of 2N-HGS and 2N2Q-HGS, as measured by guanidinium hydrochloride unfolding, also remained comparable to that of HGS. The main difference was the altered protein–protein interaction among the three proteins. The net repulsive interactions that are characteristic of HGS are diminished in the deamidated derivatives as evidenced by static light scattering measurements of the second virial coefficient, <i>B</i>₂ (<i>B</i>₂ values for HGS, 2N-HGS, and 2N2Q-HGS of 8.90 × 10^–4, 7.10 × 10^–4, and 6.65 × 10^–4 mL mol g^–2, respectively). Further substantiation is provided by estimates of the excess binding energy of protein–protein interactions in the condensed phase, obtained from measurements of the PEG-induced liquid–liquid phase separation profiles for the three proteins. The data suggest that enhanced attractive protein–protein interactions, arising from the deamidation of HGS, promote protein aggregation, thereby leading to increased light scattering and opacity over time

The Influence of Perception of Behavioral Control, Attitude and Wrongdoer Status on Whistleblowing Auditor Behavior at Bali Province's Financial and Development Supervisory Agency

This study aims to analyze the Effect of Perception of Behavioral Control, Attitude, and Wrongdoer Status on Whistleblowing Auditor Behavior. The sample of this study consisted of Auditors of the Bali Province Certified Financial and Development Agency (BPKP) of 55 people. The data collection method used is using a questionnaire distributed to the Auditors of the Bali Province Certified Financial and Development Agency (BPKP). Data analysis in this study used multiple linear regression analysis using the SPSS (Statistica Program and Service Solution) program. Referring to the results of the analysis, that Perception of Behavioral Control has a positive effect on Whistleblowing Auditors. The attitude has a positive effect on the Whistleblowing Auditor. Wrongdoer status has a positive effect on Whistleblowing Auditors. Perception of Behavioral Control, Attitude, and Wrongdoer Status have a positive effect on Whistleblowing Auditors

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Structure of a Major Lens Protein, Human γC-Crystallin: Role of the Dipole Moment in Protein Solubility

A hallmark of the crystallin proteins is their exceptionally high solubility, which is vital for maintaining the high refractive index of the eye lens. Human γC-crystallin is a major γ-crystallin whose mutant forms are associated with congenital cataracts but whose three-dimensional structure is not known. An earlier study of a homology model concluded that human γC-crystallin has low intrinsic solubility, mainly because of the atypical magnitude and fluctuations of its dipole moment. On the contrary, the high-resolution tertiary structure of human γC-crystallin determined here shows unequivocally that it is a highly soluble, monomeric molecule in solution. Notable differences between the orientations and interactions of several side chains are observed upon comparison to those in the model. No evidence of the pivotal role ascribed to the effect of dipole moment on protein solubility was found. The nuclear magnetic resonance structure should facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the deleterious effects of cataract-associated mutations in human γC-crystallin