Traditions of Worship in the Pathuppaattu Akam Texts

Sangam literature is a book that clearly shows aspects of the lives of the ancient Tamils. They have sung equally about the Akam life of the ancient Tamils. Among the classical life activities of human beings, which have continued since then to the present day, the worship of God has been one of the most important forms of worship. In the early days, people used to worship God in a very simple way. They worshipped the things they found in their land. Poojas have also been created in a simple way. On that basis, in the Pathuppaattu, Akam texts of the Sangam literature, there are occasional discourses on sovereignty, concepts of God, and methods of worship. On that basis, this article examines and explains the devotional worship found in the Akam songs of Mullaipattu, Kurinjipaattu, and Pattinapalai within the Pathuppaattu of Sangam literature

BETAINE SUPPLEMENTATION FOR VARIOUS CLINICAL DISORDERS

  Betaine is distributed widely in animals, plants, and microorganisms and rich dietary sources include seafood, especially marine invertebrates. Betaine is N-trimethylated amino acid called as glycine betaine. It is a by-product. Betaine aldehyde is produced when choline dehydrogenase acts on choline, then betaine aldehyde is oxidized to form betaine by aldehyde dehydrogenase. Metabolic derived betaines possess various functions in our body in which they act as methyl donor which helps in liver function, detoxication, and cellular functions. It plays an important role in fat metabolism. Recent research found that betaine can convert homocysteine to cysteine thus they prevent heart disease. Choline is oxidized to betaine in liver and kidney. Intracellular betaine serves as an osmolyte that regulates cell volume and tissue integrity. Betaine not only plays as an osmolyte but also play a major role in the protection of the liver and other tissues. Consequently, it has been proposed that betaine has significant nutrient for prevention of chronic disease. Betaine has been shown to protect internal organs, improve vascular risk factors, and enhance performance. Databases of betaine content in food are being developed for correlation with population health studies. This review focuses on the aspects of wide research field with emphasis on a recent data relevant to various human diseases

Bioactive potential of symbiotic bacteria and fungi from marine sponges

Marine sponges are rich in microbial biota. In this study, totally four sponges namely Callyspongia diffusa, Hyattella Cribriformis, Sigmadocia carnosa, Spongia officininalis Var ceylonensis were collected and their associated bacteria and fungi were isolated. Among the microbes isolated, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Penicillium citrinum were isolated from C. diffusa which showed broad range of activity against tested pathogens. This study demonstrates that the culturable fraction of bacteria and fungi from the sponges were diverse and appears to possess much potential as a source for the discovery of new medically relevant biological active agents.Keywords: Sponges, antibacterial activity, antifungal activityAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 11(29), pp. 7500-7511, 10 April, 201

DETERMINATION OF PHYTOCOMPONENTS IN ETHANOL EXTRACT OF BRASSICA OLERACEA - USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY–MASS SPECTROSCOPY TECHNIQUE

Objectives: Bioactive components determined by plants are known to have a broad application in the medical field. The focus of this study is to recognize the phytochemicals in the ethanol extract of Brassica oleracea by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS). Methods: B. oleracea was collected, dried, and powdered well. The extraction was done with the solvent ethanol. The extract was exposed to column of GC-MS-QP 2010 (SHIMADZU) column Db 30.0 (0.25 μm in diameter, 0.25 μm thick). Results: GC–MS result provides the chromatogram with different peaks obtained at a different retention time shows the presence of various biocompounds. Some of the identified bioactive compounds are n-hexadecanoic acid (12.99%), phytol (2.40%), Vitamin E (3.38%), tetratetracontane (2.15%), stigmasterol (2.03%), and isophytol. Conclusion: The GC–MS study of the ethanol extract of B. oleracea reveals the existence of many potential compounds that can be utilized in the pharmaceutical industry, including the use of anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, anticoronary, and antidiabetic agents

Primary ovarian leiomyoma: a diagnostic dilemma

Among all benign primary ovarian smooth muscle tumors, ovarian leiomyoma is uncommon accounting for .5-1% of all tumors. most of these are unilateral small in size and generally occur in premenopausal women. this paper presents a case report of primary ovarian leiomyoma i.e. 29 years old women with complaints of abdominal pain. the right ovarian mass was histologically diagnosed as ovarian leiomyoma. unlike other smooth muscle tumors of uterine origin, there are no definite histological criteria to categorize smooth muscle tumor of ovary

Acampaquinone a Novel Phenanthraquinone Isolated from the Whole Plant of Acampae praemorsa

From the whole plant of Acampae praemorsa belonging to the family Orchidaceae, a novel phenanthra- quinone derivative was isolated. Its structure was elucidated as 2-hydroxy- 6-methoxy 1, 4 phenanthra- quinone on the basis of spectroscopic data. This is the first report of  phenanthraquinone fromAcampae praemorsa. Keywords:Acampae praemorsa, Orchidaceae, Phenanthraquinon

Relook at Aileron to Rudder Interconnect

The implementation of interconnect gain from aileron to rudder surface on the majority of the aircraftis to decrease sideslip which is generated because of adverse yaw with the movement of control stick in lateral axis and also enhances the turning rate performance.The Aileron to Rudder Interconnect (ARI)involves significant part to decouple the Dutch roll oscillations from roll rate response to aileron command. ARI is feed-forward gain whichis susceptible to aircraft system uncertainty. Incorrect ARI gain can lead to side slip buildup which can cause aircraft to depart in case of fault scenarios. Four systematic ARI design methods are proposed. One of the proposed methods which use the norm of ARI transfer function at roll damping frequency is suitable for online reconfiguration of control law. The reconfiguration of ARI gain is illustratedwith the simulation responses of fault scenario case of aileron surface damage

Aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva: an uncommon entity

AA is a rare locally invasive mesenchymal tumor predominantly presenting in women of reproductive age group, having a moderate to high risk for local relapse. Hence, it needs to be differentiated from another mesenchymal tumor occuring in this region. We present a case of a 50 year old female with a large, polypoidal, spongy mass on the right labia majora

IDENTIFICATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN CYMODOCEA SERRULATA-A SEAGRASS BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY–MASS SPECTROSCOPY

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the lead phytocompounds present in the ethanol extract of the seagrass Cymodocea serrulata by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS).Methods: 1 kg of C. serrulata whole seagrass powder was subjected to extraction on polarity basis using five solvent such as hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water. Since ethanol extract showed a maximum antioxidant property, its phytochemicals were investigated using GCMS technique. The phytocompounds identified through GC were interpreted with mass spectra national institute standard and technology library.Result: The GCMS analysis of ethanol extract of C. serrulata identified peaks of six different compounds they are hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (7.70%), hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (4.11%), tetradecanoic acid (62.89%), pentadecanoic acid(62.89%), cholesta4, 6dien3ol (5.88%), and stigmasterol (19.42%).Conclusion: The GCMS study of C. serrulata ethanol extract unveils the presence of bioactive compounds that have a pharmacological and nutraceutical values