Karaikalammayar - A Study

The Nayanmars were fully dedicated to saivite doctrines and served godly. The theory of purity of the mind rather than the strength of the body is intertwined with the life of the holy woman, which causes the emergence of karaikalammayar article from time to time. In this respect, the article reviews karaikalammayar, the only female servant of the sixty-three, on the basis of the Saiva theory, in an amicable and critical perspective

Implementation of recursive queries for information systems

Sophisticated information systems require a powerful query language and an efficient implementation strategy. In practice, these information systems are either built on the top of an existing database management system or built as an expert system with deductive capabilities. Both of these implementations must provide a mechanism to express recursive queries. It is therefore a necessity for the system to have an efficient algorithm to evaluate these queries. In this thesis, we give a detailed description of a bibliographic database, a set of recursive queries, an overview of some standard query processing algorithms, and an implementation of these queries in DATALOG

Social Reformer Premchand – A Review

The advent of Modern period in Hindi is considered from the 1900’s. In the beginning modern Hindi literature was centered on the magical and fairy tales, entertaining the readers with imagination. Born as Dhanpat Rai Srivastav, he began his career as a freelance writer under the pen name “Nawab Rai”, but when his work ‘soz-e-watan’, a collection of short stories was seized by the British government and burnt, after this he started writing in Hindi, with the name Mushi Premchand. Premchand usually referred to as the ‘Tolstoy of India’ shaped the Hindi literature into a reality. He conquered the literary genre as a novelist, story writer and as a dramatist, and is titled as the ‘Upanyas Samrat’ (Emperor of Novels) in Hindi Modern literature. He gave a new dimension to the Hindi literary world by depicting reality of the society to the readers. He entered the Hindi literary world in the year 1917 with his novel, ‘Sevasadan’. He has penned 17 novels and more than 300 short stories which portrayed the social issues prevalent in the society during his time. He raised his voice against the feudal system, the zamindari system, poverty, communalism, caste system, and the social and economic conditions prevalent in the society. He even mentioned the discrimination the females faced in the society. He fought against the dowry system, widow marriages and opined that women have to come out and express her feelings against the social evils and discriminations showed on her. He wrote on the life around him and made the readers aware about the social structure around them. He portrayed the common man in his work’s giving them the status of heroes and heroines by depicting the problems faced by them. Thus he presents to us the real India. The review highlight’s how Premchands works have influenced various genres of Hindi literature about the social issues and the struggle of the poor and how through the characters the change that could be brought in. Premchand’s works also portrayed the women in society who can be classified into traditional, modern women.  The following literature review attempts to demonstrate and support the objective of the study. In the article “Realism and a Creative Process: Features of Munshi Premchand’s Ideology” by Sara Rai (1979) correctly points out that for an author to depict the contemporary life, the writer has to conceptualize new process and phenomena that has never been portrayed in art. The author rightly points out that Premchand’s literary canvas, comprises almost 6,000 characters from all the classes of people ranging from the poor to the rich comprising the poor peasants to the feudal lords and the entire hierarchy of the Governmental machinery. In the research article by Rajini Obeyeseker (1986) “Women’s Rights and Roles in Premchand’s Godan- A literary Analysis” presents the social structure and focus on the questions of women’s right and the roles which surfaces throughout in the novel Godan. Premchand has explored the female characters in two concepts as an ideal women and the modern age women. She points out that Premchand has represented the rural traditional women through Dhaniya and other minor characters and how women were expected to play their role in the changing political scenario through Malti who represents New India and symbolizes the changing face of women.  In the research article “How equal? Women in Premchand’s writing by Geetanjali Pandey (1986) captured the abiding and sensitive aspects on the plight of the women. She points out that Premchand upholds the dignity of women. She points out that the writer reiterated his craftsman’s ship on creating the characters that reflected the existing realities and also embodied the possibilities and gave directions for the desired changes. “Portrayal of Women in Premchands Stories: A Critique” by Charu Gupta (1991) reflects on the issues of women and her position in the society. The reviewer has picked up the women oriented stories of Premchand and has focused on the social evils and the solutions that were sought within the domestic space. She marks that Premchand makes women a focus of enquiry and the subject of the story. They reflect the complexity and irony and also the relationship of the conflicting emotions, values of women. Charu Gupta correctly points out that Premchand’s stories were subjective and reflect the conflicting mentalities prevalent in his time. From the book review archives titled “The world of Premchand” by Vijaya Ghose (1995) points out that the short stories of Premchand is not only about the poor peasant but also the plight of women who were oppressed by the rich like the farmers. He marks that the women that Premchand represents are multifaceted. They belong to all classes ranging from the poor to the rich, from the illiterate to the literate. He very well presents the mind of the woman, her generosity, loyalty and sacrifice. The reviewer truly points that the writer has perfectly rendered the communal harmony and the child psychology in his stories. Ghose has mentioned that the selected stories of the English translation will linger in the readers mind and bring in the nostalgic era of the values, and the rich Indian culture which has vanished with time

Maximal Left Ideals In Local Goldie (-1, 1) Rings

In this paper, we show how to reduce the study of nondegenerate local Goldie (-1, 1) rings to the strongly prime case, via the notions of uniform ideals and essential subdirect product. Also, we construct the maximal left quotient ring of (-1, 1) ring that is a left quotient ring of itself. We follow Utumi where a maximal left quotient ring is constructed as a direct limit of a partially defined homomorphism from the left ideal of R to R

Traditions of Worship in the Pathuppaattu Akam Texts

Sangam literature is a book that clearly shows aspects of the lives of the ancient Tamils. They have sung equally about the Akam life of the ancient Tamils. Among the classical life activities of human beings, which have continued since then to the present day, the worship of God has been one of the most important forms of worship. In the early days, people used to worship God in a very simple way. They worshipped the things they found in their land. Poojas have also been created in a simple way. On that basis, in the Pathuppaattu, Akam texts of the Sangam literature, there are occasional discourses on sovereignty, concepts of God, and methods of worship. On that basis, this article examines and explains the devotional worship found in the Akam songs of Mullaipattu, Kurinjipaattu, and Pattinapalai within the Pathuppaattu of Sangam literature

A Case Study on PPL\u27s Journey to Agile Transition

PPL Pennsylvania Power and Light Electric Utility Company is one of the largest power and light provider. PPL was found in 1920 and since then PPL has developed and extended its business over Pennsylvania, Kentucky and Great Britain. PPL performs planning and managing of several different Agile and Traditional projects. This paper will contain the information on PPL value services and challenges faced in developing traditional projects and agile projects. Attaining and maintaining competitive advantage of the company in the market. Challenges faced by the human resources in Agile and waterfall projects and with the implementation of using latest technical tools based on the project approach. This paper will contain the PPL’s journey from waterfall to agile and the implementation steps taken to make this change a success. All the focus areas will the evaluated based on the feedback from the human resources and online materials such as books, journals

Video in the English curriculum of an Indian secondary school

This case study explores the potential of video in helping teachers and pupils to break out of entrenched but arguably unfruitful methods of English language teaching in Indian secondary schools, provides evidence that it can have a substantial impact, and analyses the conditions in which this is possible. The study could be described as action research drawing on ethnographic methods. I introduced a 'package' of video-based English lessons to the Core English Curriculum of an Indian Central School, and observed the consequences. The package was prepared by me, but taught by the students' regular teachers. First I observed for a month the nonnal, textbook-based teaching in the English classroom. Then the teacher was trained to use the video package, which was based on the contents of one of the chapters in the text-book they used. Finally, I observed the introduction of this package in the classroom. My data came from audio-recordings of the classes, diaries kept for me by the students, interviews and informal discussions with teachers and students, and my own observations of the classes and the school generally. In addition, I was able to draw on my own experiences of having been a student and a teacher in India. Chapter 1 outlines the background It discusses the unique position of English in India - its history and current social status - and describes schooling in India, placing Central Schools and their Core English Curriculum in context. It sets my research agenda as the study of the introduction of video in a 'real life' setting, as opposed to the 'artificial' experimental or quasi-experimental situations of much previous work. Chapter 2 surveys the literature I draw upon. As there is very little previous research bearing directly on this topic, I have had to refer to a wider body of partially relevant literature on: (i) use of television for education in India; (ii) second language classroom studies with an emphasis on the development of communicative competence; (iii) classroom studies with special reference to group work; (iv) bilingualism. Chapter 3 explains the advantages of a case study based on ethnographic methods, and considers some of the potential problems and limitations, notably the risks in generalising from one study. Chapter 4 deals with theoretical issues and practical methods in developing teaching materials for the project. I discuss research into the use of video in second language teaching, and explain how I drew on it to develop the video material itself, task sheets for students to work on in groups after watching video extracts, and a teacher-training package. Group work is not essential in introducing video, but I argue that it is the best way of using the medium. The next three chapters deal with the introduction of the video package, and the context in which it was introduced. Chapter 5 describes the school. Chapter 6 is a chronology of the various stages in the introduction of video into the English classroom. Chapter 7 then analyses this introduction in terms of the various participants involved - the problems faced by each, and the conflicts that arose between them. Chapters 8 and 9 concentrate on the classroom. Chapter 8 examines the traditional English classes, analysing the teacher-fronted, transmission mode of teaching that prevails, and identifying twin roots of this pedagogy. First, there is the indigenous Harikatha tradition (in which the written word is treated as a sacred text for reverent, uncritical commentary); and secondly, there is the imperial tradition, arising directly from the introduction of En~lish as the medium of educational instruction in India. The manner in which these traditions affect classroom pedagogy today is critically evaluated. Chapter 9 analyses the classes after the video package had been introduced. It focuses on talk, now the students' rather than the teacher's language, for with the introduction of video in the classroom, the students had to learn to work in groups on the task-sheets. The television screen did not inspire the same uncritical reverence as the written word. The chapter reveals how the ritualised routine of the transmission mode broke down with the introduction of video; and how it encouraged the students to take more control of their own learning environment. Chapter 10 discusses what the research can claim to have discovered.. Video does seem to have considerable potential in helping teachers and students to break out of the traditional methods of language teaching in Indian schools, moving the students further on the path of developing communicative competence in English. But more research is needed, and I make concrete suggestions for such studies. With due caution because of the dangers of generalising from one case-study, I draw implications for teachers, schools and government if best use is to be made of the potential of video in English teaching

Sahitya Akademi Award Winning ‘Gopalla Gramam’ - An Information Repository

The purpose of this article is to explore the disappearing uniqueness in Rajanarayana's Sahitya Academy Award-winning novel Gopalla Gramam. It is said to be a novel. But there is no complete storytelling in this novel that is unique to a novel. So no specific characters were found. There is no continuous sequel in the storytelling process. However, it has acquired the unique status that a novel deserves. A lot of people exist in this. A lot of incidents do happen. The novel is considered to be a wonderful work that contains a lot of information and traces of time. The characters in this novel have every kind of relevance. The novel also explores the lifestyles and customs of different types of people, both socially and individually. It has also recorded social issues. Many colloquialisms that have been in circulation at that time are recorded. On the whole, the purpose of this article is to explore the availability of Ki Ra’s ‘Gopalla Gramam’ as an information repository