1,371 research outputs found

    State Legislative Reactions to No Child Left Behind: Education Leaders in Three States

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    Abstract State Legislative Reactions to No Child Left Behind: Education Leaders in Three States This dissertation examines the historical background of federal regulations that have expanded over the past thirty years, and their impact on state legislative resistance to No Child Left Behind (NCLB). The federal government's involvement in public education offers an instructive opportunity for inquiry into cooperative federalism. State resistance to NCLB provides an example for study when considering state reactions to federal regulations and ensuing intergovernmental conflicts in regard to public education. This study focuses on legislative responses to NCLB, with reactions from legislators from Kansas, Missouri, and Colorado. The investigation is drawn from interviews conducted with state legislators from these three states. Some common threads emerged from the interviews and from a review of the related literature. One includes the question of the constitutionality of NCLB and a power struggle that exists in public education between various levels of government. In light of state challenges to NCLB legislation, a number of consistent factors of resistance were evidenced by the states. These state legislative reactions offer significant insight for challenges facing future public education federal legislation, and may be useful as a model of study for examining state reactions in the years ahead

    Deregulation of the HOXA9/MEIS1 Axis in Acute Leukemia

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    Purpose of review HOXA9 is a homeodomain transcription factor that plays an essential role in normal hematopoiesis and acute leukemia, where its over expression is strongly correlated with poor prognosis. This review highlights recent advances in the understanding of genetic alterations leading to deregulation of HOXA9 and the downstream mechanisms of HOXA9-mediated transformation. Recent findings A variety of genetic alterations including MLL-translocations, NUP98-fusions, NPM1 mutations, CDX deregulation, and MOZ-fusions lead to high level HOXA9 expression in acute leukemias. The mechanisms resulting in HOXA9 over expression are beginning to be defined and represent attractive therapeutic targets. Small molecules targeting MLL-fusion protein complex members, such as DOT1L and menin, have shown promising results in animal models, and a DOT1L inhibitor is currently being tested in clinical trials. Essential HOXA9 cofactors and collaborators are also being identified, including transcription factors PU.1 and C/EBPα, which are required for HOXA9-driven leukemia. HOXA9 targets including IGF1, CDX4, INK4A/INK4B/ARF, mir-21 and mir-196b and many others provide another avenue for potential drug development. Summary HOXA9 deregulation underlies a large subset of aggressive acute leukemias. Understanding the mechanisms regulating the expression and activity of HOXA9, along with its critical downstream targets, shows promise for the development of more selective and effective leukemia therapies

    Adult Learning and the Shrinking Globe

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    The purpose of this roundtable is to explore the evolution of Adult Education in several European nations relative to the United States and the advantages of the broadened European vision of adult learning as lifelong-lifewide. Through examining these practices we may discover options for inclusion in the United States

    Dynamical evidence for a strong tidal interaction between the Milky Way and its satellite, Leo V

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    We present a chemodynamical analysis of the Leo~V dwarf galaxy, based on Keck II DEIMOS spectra of 8 member stars. We find a systemic velocity for the system of vr=170.91.9+2.1\langle v_r\rangle = 170.9^{+ 2.1}_{-1.9}kms1^{-1}, and barely resolve a velocity dispersion for the system, with σvr=2.31.6+3.2\sigma_{vr} = 2.3^{+3.2}_{-1.6}kms1^{-1}, consistent with previous studies of Leo~V. The poorly resolved dispersion means we are unable to adequately constrain the dark matter content of Leo~V. We find an average metallicity for the dwarf of [Fe/H]=2.48±0.21 = -2.48\pm0.21, and measure a significant spread in the iron abundance of its member stars, with 3.1-3.1\le[Fe/H]1.9\le-1.9 dex, which cleanly identifies Leo~V as a dwarf galaxy that has been able to self-enrich its stellar population through extended star formation. Owing to the tentative photometric evidence for tidal substructure around Leo~V, we also investigate whether there is any evidence for tidal stripping or shocking of the system within its dynamics. We measure a significant velocity gradient across the system, of dvdχ=4.12.6+2.8\frac{{\rm d}v}{{\rm d}\chi} = -4.1^{+2.8}_{-2.6}kms1^{-1} per arcmin (or dvdχ=71.945.6+50.8\frac{{\rm d}v}{{\rm d}\chi} = -71.9^{+50.8}_{-45.6}kms1^{-1}~kpc1^{-1}), which points almost directly toward the Galactic centre. We argue that Leo~V is likely a dwarf on the brink of dissolution, having just barely survived a past encounter with the centre of the Milky Way.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS. Updated to include minor revisions from referee proces

    Regional priorities for strengthening climate services for farmers in Africa and South Asia

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    This report captures a process of shared South-South learning and planning towards defining priorities for strengthening and scaling-up climate information and advisory services for agriculture and food security in West Africa, Eastern and Southern Africa, and South Asia. The process began at the international workshop on “Scaling up Climate Services for Farmers in Africa and South Asia” (Saly, Senegal, December 2012), where participants collectively identified critical gaps in the design, delivery and effective use of climate services for smallholder agriculture; and self-organized into working groups to develop a set of priority actions for strengthening climate services for smallholder farming communities within and across regions in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Following up on a commitment made at the workshop, USAID and CCAFS partnered to develop a small grants program and sponsor a set of guided planning workshops to enable the working groups that emerged from the Saly workshop to further develop their visions, and obtain resources to begin to implement them. Expert working groups from all regions prioritized improving the scientific capacity of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) to develop location specific seasonal climate forecasts at the subnational scale, and enhancing institutional frameworks for collaboration between the different agencies involved in the production and communication of climate services. The Eastern and Southern Africa working group also emphasized the co-production with farmers of location-specific climate services, and the importance of assessing the added value of climate services for enhancing agricultural production and managing risk. The West Africa working group prioritized communications mechanisms for reaching marginalized groups, including rural radio and Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs), and training farmers to access and use climate information. Building on the region’s existing strength in ICTs, the South Asia group emphasized efforts to identify appropriate ICT tools and build the capacity of smallholder farmers, women, poor and socially marginalized groups to access and utilize climate information services

    Widespread impact-generated porosity in early planetary crusts.

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    NASA's Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) spacecraft revealed the crust of the Moon is highly porous, with ~4% porosity at 20 km deep. The deep lying porosity discovered by GRAIL has been difficult to explain, with most current models only able to explain high porosity near the lunar surface (first few kilometers) or inside complex craters. Using hydrocode routines we simulated fracturing and generation of porosity by large impacts in lunar, martian, and Earth crust. Our simulations indicate impacts that produce 100-1000 km scale basins alone are capable of producing all observed porosity within the lunar crust. Simulations under the higher surface gravity of Mars and Earth suggest basin forming impacts can be a primary source of porosity and fracturing of ancient planetary crusts. Thus, we show that impacts could have supported widespread crustal fluid circulation, with important implications for subsurface habitable environments on early Earth and Mars
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