1,371 research outputs found
State Legislative Reactions to No Child Left Behind: Education Leaders in Three States
Abstract State Legislative Reactions to No Child Left Behind: Education Leaders in Three States This dissertation examines the historical background of federal regulations that have expanded over the past thirty years, and their impact on state legislative resistance to No Child Left Behind (NCLB). The federal government's involvement in public education offers an instructive opportunity for inquiry into cooperative federalism. State resistance to NCLB provides an example for study when considering state reactions to federal regulations and ensuing intergovernmental conflicts in regard to public education. This study focuses on legislative responses to NCLB, with reactions from legislators from Kansas, Missouri, and Colorado. The investigation is drawn from interviews conducted with state legislators from these three states. Some common threads emerged from the interviews and from a review of the related literature. One includes the question of the constitutionality of NCLB and a power struggle that exists in public education between various levels of government. In light of state challenges to NCLB legislation, a number of consistent factors of resistance were evidenced by the states. These state legislative reactions offer significant insight for challenges facing future public education federal legislation, and may be useful as a model of study for examining state reactions in the years ahead
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Employment for Veterans: Trends and Programs
[Excerpt] Veterans’ employment outcomes in the civilian sector are an issue of ongoing congressional interest. A number of programs currently exist to assist veterans in obtaining or training for civilian employment. There is regular congressional debate about expanding or otherwise amending these programs to better serve veterans.
This report discusses veterans’ employment trends and programs. The first section presents data on veterans’ employment outcomes, identifying recent trends, and discussing issues to consider when interpreting veterans’ employment data. The following sections present brief discussions of existing programs that provide employment-related services to veterans. These services are divided into (1) general programs that are broadly available to veterans, (2) programs that target veterans with service-connected disabilities, and (3) competitive grant programs that provide additional employment-related services to veterans but may be limited in scope or availability.
Notably, this report does not attempt to provide an exhaustive list of all programs that may assist veterans in the labor market nor does it attempt to provide comprehensive information on the programs it discusses. Instead, it aims to provide a broad overview of the largest employment- related programs as well as other initiatives that may inform future policy. For detailed information on each program, readers are encouraged to refer to the CRS reports or other sources that are referenced in each section
Deregulation of the HOXA9/MEIS1 Axis in Acute Leukemia
Purpose of review
HOXA9 is a homeodomain transcription factor that plays an essential role in normal hematopoiesis and acute leukemia, where its over expression is strongly correlated with poor prognosis. This review highlights recent advances in the understanding of genetic alterations leading to deregulation of HOXA9 and the downstream mechanisms of HOXA9-mediated transformation.
Recent findings
A variety of genetic alterations including MLL-translocations, NUP98-fusions, NPM1 mutations, CDX deregulation, and MOZ-fusions lead to high level HOXA9 expression in acute leukemias. The mechanisms resulting in HOXA9 over expression are beginning to be defined and represent attractive therapeutic targets. Small molecules targeting MLL-fusion protein complex members, such as DOT1L and menin, have shown promising results in animal models, and a DOT1L inhibitor is currently being tested in clinical trials. Essential HOXA9 cofactors and collaborators are also being identified, including transcription factors PU.1 and C/EBPα, which are required for HOXA9-driven leukemia. HOXA9 targets including IGF1, CDX4, INK4A/INK4B/ARF, mir-21 and mir-196b and many others provide another avenue for potential drug development.
Summary
HOXA9 deregulation underlies a large subset of aggressive acute leukemias. Understanding the mechanisms regulating the expression and activity of HOXA9, along with its critical downstream targets, shows promise for the development of more selective and effective leukemia therapies
Adult Learning and the Shrinking Globe
The purpose of this roundtable is to explore the evolution of Adult Education in several European nations relative to the United States and the advantages of the broadened European vision of adult learning as lifelong-lifewide. Through examining these practices we may discover options for inclusion in the United States
Dynamical evidence for a strong tidal interaction between the Milky Way and its satellite, Leo V
We present a chemodynamical analysis of the Leo~V dwarf galaxy, based on Keck
II DEIMOS spectra of 8 member stars. We find a systemic velocity for the system
of kms, and barely resolve a
velocity dispersion for the system, with kms, consistent with previous studies of Leo~V. The
poorly resolved dispersion means we are unable to adequately constrain the dark
matter content of Leo~V. We find an average metallicity for the dwarf of
[Fe/H], and measure a significant spread in the iron abundance
of its member stars, with [Fe/H] dex, which cleanly
identifies Leo~V as a dwarf galaxy that has been able to self-enrich its
stellar population through extended star formation. Owing to the tentative
photometric evidence for tidal substructure around Leo~V, we also investigate
whether there is any evidence for tidal stripping or shocking of the system
within its dynamics. We measure a significant velocity gradient across the
system, of kms per
arcmin (or kms~kpc), which points almost directly
toward the Galactic centre. We argue that Leo~V is likely a dwarf on the brink
of dissolution, having just barely survived a past encounter with the centre of
the Milky Way.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS. Updated to
include minor revisions from referee proces
Regional priorities for strengthening climate services for farmers in Africa and South Asia
This report captures a process of shared South-South learning and planning towards defining
priorities for strengthening and scaling-up climate information and advisory services for
agriculture and food security in West Africa, Eastern and Southern Africa, and South Asia.
The process began at the international workshop on “Scaling up Climate Services for Farmers
in Africa and South Asia” (Saly, Senegal, December 2012), where participants collectively
identified critical gaps in the design, delivery and effective use of climate services for
smallholder agriculture; and self-organized into working groups to develop a set of priority
actions for strengthening climate services for smallholder farming communities within and
across regions in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Following up on a commitment made
at the workshop, USAID and CCAFS partnered to develop a small grants program and
sponsor a set of guided planning workshops to enable the working groups that emerged from
the Saly workshop to further develop their visions, and obtain resources to begin to
implement them. Expert working groups from all regions prioritized improving the scientific
capacity of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) to develop location
specific seasonal climate forecasts at the subnational scale, and enhancing institutional
frameworks for collaboration between the different agencies involved in the production and
communication of climate services. The Eastern and Southern Africa working group also
emphasized the co-production with farmers of location-specific climate services, and the
importance of assessing the added value of climate services for enhancing agricultural
production and managing risk. The West Africa working group prioritized communications
mechanisms for reaching marginalized groups, including rural radio and Information and
Communications Technologies (ICTs), and training farmers to access and use climate
information. Building on the region’s existing strength in ICTs, the South Asia group
emphasized efforts to identify appropriate ICT tools and build the capacity of smallholder
farmers, women, poor and socially marginalized groups to access and utilize climate
information services
Widespread impact-generated porosity in early planetary crusts.
NASA's Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) spacecraft revealed the crust of the Moon is highly porous, with ~4% porosity at 20 km deep. The deep lying porosity discovered by GRAIL has been difficult to explain, with most current models only able to explain high porosity near the lunar surface (first few kilometers) or inside complex craters. Using hydrocode routines we simulated fracturing and generation of porosity by large impacts in lunar, martian, and Earth crust. Our simulations indicate impacts that produce 100-1000 km scale basins alone are capable of producing all observed porosity within the lunar crust. Simulations under the higher surface gravity of Mars and Earth suggest basin forming impacts can be a primary source of porosity and fracturing of ancient planetary crusts. Thus, we show that impacts could have supported widespread crustal fluid circulation, with important implications for subsurface habitable environments on early Earth and Mars
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