Guide to cataloging slotMusic based on AACR2 Chapters 6 and 9

In September 2008 SanDisk announced it would begin making music available for purchase on its microSD flash memory card format.1 The audio files on a slotMusic card are in MP3 format and are offered free of any digital rights management controls. In addition to containing an album\u27s worth of music (i.e., a slotMusic release generally corresponds to a collection of music issued on other formats such as compact disc), a typical slotMusic card may come pre-loaded with images, video, text, MIDI files, etc. Each card contains 1 GB of memory (well more than what is required for the pre-loaded content) and the extra memory can be used in whatever way the buyer wishes. Indeed, the preloaded content can be moved to another storage device and the memory card can be formatted and used like any other card. Music on slotMusic cards can be accessed using any device that both accepts microSD cards and is able to play MP3 files at up to 320 kbps.2 In addition, some slotMusic cards come packaged with a special microSD-to-USB adapter, which makes it possible to load slotMusic content onto a computer, car stereo, or any other device equipped with a USB jack. Some slotMusic cards are also sold as bundles, which in addition to the memory card and USB adapter include special dedicated MP3 players that accept the microSD format. Many early media responses questioned whether there would be a market for slotMusic, reasoning that music consumers interested in MP3s generally are comfortable with downloading them through computer network connections.3 But a more recent report in the Los Angeles Times argues that the format is doing better than many expected.4 Still, in April 2010, a search for “slotmusic” in WorldCat retrieves only the record created by this task force as an example, and it is unclear whether any libraries have begun collecting this new format. In terms of cataloging, slotMusic offers a number of challenges. Like much electronic media, the cards exhibit aspects of more than one format, in this case at least sound recordings and electronic resources. Currently, and as the name implies, slotMusic only offers musical sound recordings, but future releases could potentially contain non-musical sound. SlotMusic releases contain no descriptive information on the card itself, making choice of chief sources of information challenging. And slotMusic releases often come bundled with peripheral items (such as USB adapters and MP3 players) that contain no intellectual content, making for interesting accompanying materials notes. And finally, since the devices that can play the cards are numerous, but the technical requirements of those devices are complex, clear notes regarding the playback characteristics of the cards are necessary

Determinants of Effective Population Size for Loci with Different Modes of Inheritance

Here we report an assessment of the determinants of effective population size (Ne) in species with overlapping generations. Specifically, we used a stochastic demographic model to investigate the influence of different life-history variables on Ne/N (where N = population census number) and the influence of sex differences in life-history variables on Ne for loci with dif¬ferent modes of inheritance. We applied an individual-based modeling approach to two datasets: one from a natural popu¬lation of savannah baboons (Papio cynocephalus) in the Amboseli basin of southern Kenya and one from a human tribal pop¬ulation (the Gainj of Papua New Guinea). Simulation-based estimates of Ne/N averaged 0.329 for the Amboseli baboon population (SD = 0.116, 95% CI = 0.172 – 0.537) and 0.786 for the Gainj (SD = 0.184, 95% CI = 0.498 – 1.115). Although variance in male fitness had a substantial impact on Ne/N in each of the two primate populations, ratios of Ne values for au¬tosomal and sex-linked loci exhibited no significant departures from Poisson-expected values. In each case, similarities in sex-specific Ne values were attributable to the unexpectedly high variance in female fitness. Variance in male fitness resulted primarily from age-dependent variance in reproductive success, whereas variance in female fitness resulted primarily from stochastic variance in survival during the reproductive phase

Guide to Cataloging SlotMusic Based on AAACR2 Chapters 6 and 9

A typical slotMusic card may come pre-loaded with images, video, text, MIDI files, etc. Each card contains 1 GB of memory (well more than what is required for the pre-loaded content). Many early media responses questioned whether there would be a market for slotMusic, reasoning that music consumers interested in MP3s generally are comfortable with downloading them through computer network connections. But a more recent report in the Los Angeles Times argues that the format is doing better than many expected. Still, in April 2010, a search for “slotmusic” in WorldCat retrieves only the record created by this task force as an example, and it is unclear whether any libraries have begun collecting this new format. In terms of cataloging, slotMusic offers a number of challenges

The Parkinson’s disease waiting room of the future: measurements, not magazines

Utilizing technology to precisely quantify Parkinson’s disease motor symptoms has evolved over the past 50 years from single point in time assessments using traditional biomechanical approaches to continuous monitoring of performance with wearables. Despite advances in the precision, usability, availability and affordability of technology, the “gold standard” for assessing Parkinson’s motor symptoms continues to be a subjective clinical assessment as none of these technologies have been fully integrated into routine clinical care of Parkinson’s disease patients. To facilitate the integration of technology into routine clinical care, the Develop with Clinical Intent (DCI) model was created. The DCI model takes a unique approach to the development and integration of technology into clinical practice by focusing on the clinical problem to be solved by technology rather than focusing on the technology and then contemplating how it could be integrated into clinical care. The DCI model was successfully used to develop the Parkinson’s disease Waiting Room of the Future (WROTF) within the Center for Neurological Restoration at the Cleveland Clinic. Within the WROTF, Parkinson’s disease patients complete the self-directed PD-Optimize application on an iPad. The PD-Optimize platform contains cognitive and motor assessments to quantify PD symptoms that are difficult and time-consuming to evaluate clinically. PD-Optimize is completed by the patient prior to their medical appointment and the results are immediately integrated into the electronic health record for discussion with the movement disorder neurologist. Insights from the clinical use of PD-Optimize has spurred the development of a virtual reality technology to evaluate instrumental activities of daily living in PD patients. This new technology will undergo rigorous assessment and validation as dictated by the DCI model. The DCI model is intended to serve as a health enablement roadmap to formalize and accelerate the process of bringing the advantages of cutting-edge technology to those who could benefit the most: the patient

Promoting Patient Safety and Preventing Medical Error in Emergency Departments

An estimated 108,000 people die each year from potentially preventable iatrogenic injury. One in 50 hospitalized patients experiences a preventable adverse event. Up to 3% of these injuries and events take place in emergency departments. With long and detailed training, morbidity and mortality conferences, and an emphasis on practitioner responsibility, medicine has traditionally faced the challenges of medical error and patient safety through an approach focused almost exclusively on individual practitioners. Yet no matter how well trained and how careful health care providers are, individuals will make mistakes because they are human. In general medicine, the study of adverse drug events has led the way to new methods of error detection and error prevention. A combination of chart reviews, incident logs, observation, and peer solicitation has provided a quantitative tool to demonstrate the effectiveness of interventions such as computer order entry and pharmacist order review. In emergency medicine (EM), error detection has focused on subjects of high liability: missed myocardial infarctions, missed appendicitis, and misreading of radiographs. Some system-level efforts in error prevention have focused on teamwork, on strengthening communication between pharmacists and emergency physicians, on automating drug dosing and distribution, and on rationalizing shifts. This article reviews the definitions, detection, and presentation of error in medicine and EM. Based on review of the current literature, recommendations are offered to enhance the likelihood of reduction of error in EM practice.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/74930/1/j.1553-2712.2000.tb00466.x.pd

The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure