Análisis del rendimiento físico de los árbitros y árbitros asistentes durante la competición en el fútbol

El objetivo del trabajo de investigación fue establecer un perfil de la exigencia física que experimentan los árbitros y árbitros asistentes durante partidos de fútbol de competencia oficial, 12 árbitros y 22 árbitros asistentes de alto nivel fueron examinados durante el Campeonato del Mundo sub-17 organizado por la Federación Internacional de Fútbol Asociado (FIFA) e Finlandia en agosto del año 2003. Para el registro de la participación en el juego se empleó una técnica experimental denominada Fotogrametría en dos dimensiones. La frecuencia cardíaca se registró con pulsometros Polar team System. Dos días antes del inicio del Torneo los jueces completaron la batería de pruebas físicas que exigía la Comisión de Arbitraje de la FIFA. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio han permitido generar un perfil detallado de las demandas cinemáticas y fisiológicas que suponen el arbitraje. Se pudo observar un descenso del rendimiento físico en distintos momentos del partido: en los instantes finales del encuentro, tras un periodo de ejercicio intenso y en el inicio del segundo período. Complementariamente, las pruebas empleadas por la FIFA para valorar la condición física de los jueces (carreras de 50m, 200m y 12 min) no se correlacionaron significativamente con el rendimiento físico en la competición

Wavelet packet modulation a new equalization scheme

Multicarrier modulation systems have experienced a tremendous growth in complexity and possibilities during the past decade, allowing data transmission rates never before imagined, leading to the commercial appearing of high-definition video on demand on mobile scenarios, faster Ethernet connections, increased number of digital television channels, etc. This tremendous change came up with the application of OFDM in various branches related to information interchange: ADSL and VDSL networks, DVB, WLAN, digital radio, or even the 4th generation standard for mobile communications (LTE). Therefore, OFDM is a cornerstone for communication exchange, but at the same time there are some aspects that might be improved, especially its flexibility and spectral efficiency. Wavelet-Based communication systems have some advantages like lower transmitted signal Sidelobe Level (SLL), higher spectral efficiency as well as higher flexibility with respect to OFDM technology. However, there is an important lack for WPM systems: its structure is complex and there is a lack of specific equalization schemes for it. In this thesis, we will go in deep of the Wavelet Packet System and try to find an equivalent and more efficient model, that leads to a proper specific equalization to improve the characteristics of these systems. Then, after introducing Wavelet theory and the equalization methods, we will present the concept of a post-processing equalization scheme, whose main components will be described in detail. Afterwards the new system will be tested in different scenarios in order to verify and validate theoretical assumptions, to finally conclude this work with a summary of conclussions and related work.Ingeniería de Telecomunicació

Aplicación Android para pacientes de fisioterapia

Las aplicaciones móviles de apoyo a la salud se están convirtiendo en herramientas necesarias en el día a día, tanto las destinadas a los profesionales sanitarios como las dirigidas solamente a los pacientes. Sin embargo, no todas las áreas de la medicina están suficientemente apoyadas por este tipo de aplicaciones. En concreto, la fisioterapia es uno de las áreas de la salud que necesita un mayor esfuerzo en este sentido. En éste Trabajo Fin de Grado se propone el desarrollo de una aplicación móvil Android que proporcione a los pacientes de fisioterapia una herramienta de consulta de información específica y de solicitud de cuidados en clínica. Con esta aplicación para smartphones se pretende que el paciente pueda obtener información sobre las clínicas asociadas a la aplicación (como llegar, teléfono, mail…), así como poder realizar una reserva en dichas clínicas para poder tener una cita con el fisioterapeuta. Además, el paciente podrá interactuar con su fisioterapeuta asignado pudiendo contactar con él y recibir consejos y ejercicios adecuados para su problema.Grado en Ingeniería de Tecnologías Específicas de Telecomunicació

ANALYSIS OF SPORT PERFORMANCE BY MEANS OF A DLT-2D BASED PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SYSTEM

The aim of this study was to validate and apply a bi-dimensional photogrammetric video system to collective and cyclic sports. Twenty-one football matches were filmed using three video-cameras positioned at the main stand of the stadiums and computerized analysis of the films was performed using DLT (direct lineal transformation) based algorithms. This procedure was used during the FIFA under-17 World Championship Finland 2003 and the FIFA Confederations Cup 2005 to obtain a detailed kinematical analysis of high-standard official’s physical and technical match-performance. In another study, the frequency and amplitude of cycle of 2 subjects swimming 400m at incremental progressive velocities were analysed with the same methodology

Aplicación de la tecnología GPS para la cuantificación del proceso de readaptación de una lesión de ligamento lateral externo de tobillo: estudio de un caso

GPS y readaptació

Evolution of the Hurdle-Unit Kinematic Parameters in the 60 m Indoor Hurdle Race.

The aims of this study were to compare the five hurdle-unit split times from the deterministic model with the hurdle-to-hurdle model and with the official time, to compare the step kinematics of each hurdle-unit intervals, and to relate these variables to their respective hurdle-unit split times. The temporal and spatial parameters of the 60 m hurdles race were calculated during the 44th Spanish and 12th IAAF World Indoor Championships (men: n = 59; women: n = 51). The hurdle-unit split times from the deterministic model showed a high correlation (r = 0.99; p < 0.001) with the split times of the hurdle-to-hurdle model and faster split times were related to shorter step and flight times in hurdle steps for both genders. At the first hurdle, male athletes tended to increase their flight and contact times while the tendency of female athletes was to decrease their contact and flight times. In addition, at the first hurdle, both genders presented shorter take-off distance, shorter landing distance, and greater step width than in the remaining hurdles of the race. Therefore, coaches should implement training programs that have an impact on these key variables according to the specific demands of each hurdle-unit phase and gender.post-print2650 K

Evolución de la longitud de zancada en la prueba de 60 metros vallas

La investigación científica acerca de la longitud de las zancadas en la prueba de vallas altas, tanto en pista cubierta como aire libre, se ha llevado a cabo mediante estudios en dos y tres dimensiones o empleando técnicas similares. Dichos estudios se han desarrollado bien sobre una o dos vallas o analizando el intervalo entre ellas. De este modo, existen referencias sobre la longitud de la zancada en el paso de la segunda valla [3], más frecuentemente sobre la tercera, cuarta o quinta valla [4] y, en ocasiones, analizando la octava o novena valla [2]. En cualquier caso, estos trabajos no han sido realizados sobre todos los deportistas que competían en la serie y, frecuentemente, se han llevado a cabo en condiciones de entrenamiento. Es por ello que el objetivo de la presente investigación fuese conocer cuáles eran los valores en competición a lo largo de toda la prueba en una amplia muestra de atletas, analizando la posible existencia de variaciones en la longitud de zancada entre las vallas

Match activities of top-class female soccer assistant referees in relation

The aim of this study was to examine the match activities of top-class female assistant referees (mean age 34.8 years, s=3.5; stature 1.64 m, s=0.05; weight 58.1 kg, s=7.4; body mass index 21.6 kg · m–2, s=2.4) in relation to the offside line. Computerized match analyses were performed on 14 top-class assistant referees during 10 matches (a total of 20 observations) from the 2006 Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) under-20 Women's World Championship held in Russia. In addition, the position of the second last defensive player of both teams was calculated throughout the matches to determine the distance from the assistant referee to the offside line. The total distance covered during a game was 5594 m (s=473), of which 27% was sideways movements (1492 m, s=135). High-intensity activities (>13 km · h–1) accounted for 1999 m (s=371). Mean distance from the offside line during the entire match was 1.06 m (s=0.26). Total distance covered, high-intensity activities, and distance from the offside line were not different (P>0.05) between the two halves of the game or consecutive 15-min match periods. Our results show that: (1) the kinematic demands placed on top-class female assistant referees are similar to those of top-class male assistant refereeing except for the amount of high-intensity activities, and (2) assistant referees were able to maintain the distance from the offside line during the match, which suggests an ability to keep up with the pace of the play throughout the matc

Effects of different swimming race constraints on turning movements

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different swimming race constraints on the evolution of turn parameters. One hundred and fifty-eight national and regional level 200-m (meters) male swimming performances were video-analyzed using the individualized-distance model in the Open Comunidad de Madrid tournament. Turn (p .05). Higher expertise swimmers obtained faster average velocities and longer distances in all the turn phases (p < .001, ES = 0.59), except the approach distance. In addition, national level swimmers showed the ability to maintain most of the turn parameters throughout the race, which assisted them in improving average velocity at the end of races. Therefore, the variations in the turning movements of a swimming race were expertise-related and focused on optimizing average velocity. Turning skills should be included in the swimming race action plan

Injury incidence in a Spanish sub-elite professional football team: A prospective study during four consecutive seasons

The aim of this study was to investigate the injury incidence and injury characteristics of a Spanish sub-elite professional football team during four consecutive seasons. A team was followed prospectively from the season 2003-2004 to 2006-2007 and individual player exposure and time loss injuries were recorded during all club training sessions and matches. A total of 313 time-loss injuries were recorded. The mean injury incidence was 10.9 injuries/1000 hours (5.2 injuries/1000 training hours and 44.1 injuries/1000 match hours). The injury incidence during competitive matches was higher (p 28 days absence) was 0.4 injuries/1000 hours. The thigh was the most commonly (35%) injured region and caused 29% of all competitive match absence. Muscle injuries in the four main groups of the lower limbs (hamstrings, adductors, quadriceps and calf muscles) caused 43% of competitive match unavailability. The results of this study show that the risk to sustain a major injury in the course of the season was low for sub-elite footballers in comparison to elite players. Thigh strains were the first cause of absence in competition due to injury