The \u27Second Wave\u27 of Spanish Clinical Legal Education: Empirical, Pedagogical, and Institutional Lessons for a Pilot Course and Program at the University of Granada

Spanish clinicians today benefit from the ‘first wave’ of early adopters. We also benefit from decades of clinical scholarship—most recently about the Western European and global clinical legal education movements—and empirical data on what lawyers actually do and need in practice. In this article, the authors summarize key empirical, pedagogical, and institutional lessons to ground the creation of a pilot course and program at the University of Granada

The 'Second Wave' of Spanish Clinical Legal Education: Empirical, Pedagogical and Institutional Lessons for a Pilot Course and Program at the University of Granada

Spanish clinicians today benefit from the ‘first wave’ of early adopters. We also benefit from decades of clinical scholarship — most recently about the Western European and global clinical legal education movements — and empirical data on what lawyers actually do and need in practice. In this article, the authors summarize key empirical, pedagogical, and institutional lessons to ground the creation of a pilot course and program at the University of Granada

Galaxy clustering, photometric redshifts and diagnosis of systematics in the DES Science Verification data

We study the clustering of galaxies detected at i < 22.5 in the Science Verification observations of the Dark Energy Survey (DES). Two-point correlation functions are measured using 2.3×106 galaxies over a contiguous 116 deg2 region in five bins of photometric redshift width z = 0.2 in the range 0.2 < z < 1.2. The impact of photometric redshift errors is assessed by comparing results using a template-based photo-z algorithm (BPZ) to a machine-learning algorithm (TPZ). A companion paper presents maps of several observational variables (e.g. seeing, sky brightness) which could modulate the galaxy density. Here we characterize and mitigate systematic errors on the measured clustering which arise from these observational variables, in addition to others such as Galactic dust and stellar contamination. After correcting for systematic effects, we measure galaxy bias over a broad range of linear scales relative to mass clustering predicted from the Planck cold dark matter model, finding agreement with the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey (CFHTLS) measurements with χ2 of 4.0 (8.7) with 5 degrees of freedom for the TPZ (BPZ) redshifts. We test a ‘linear bias’ model, in which the galaxy clustering is a fixed multiple of the predicted non-linear dark matter clustering. The precision of the data allows us to determine that the linear bias model describes the observed galaxy clustering to 2.5 per cent accuracy down to scales at least 4–10 times smaller than those on which linear theory is expected to be sufficient