L'hepcidine : un possible lien entre l'inflammation chronique et le métabolisme du fer dans les maladies rénales chroniques félines

Le rôle de l'inflammation dans le développement et la progression des maladies rénales chroniques (MRC) chez le chat a été peu étudié. L'hepcidine est une protéine de la phase aigue (PPA) de l'inflammation qui contribue au développement des anémies lors de MRC chez l'homme. Les objectifs de cette étude sont de comparer les concentrations en PPAs, en erythropoietine (EPO) ainsi que le statut en fer entre un groupe de chats sains et en MRC. 18 chats sains et 38 chats en MRC ont été recrutés de façon prospective. Les examens réalisés incluaient hématologie, biochimie, analyse d'urine, Serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobine (HAP), EPO, hepcidine,fer, TIBC et ferritinne. Nous avons observé une augmentation significative des concentrations en SAA et en hepcidine ainsi qu'une diminution significative du fer et du TIBC dans le groupe MRC (P < .05). Une corrélation positive entre la créatinine et certaines PPAs (SAA and hepcidin; P < .05) était présente. L'augmentation de SAA et hepcidine était significativement associé avec une diminution du TIBC et de l'hématocrite dans le groupe MRC. Les 14 (37%) chats anémiques du groupe MRC avaient une concentration significativement plus basse en fer et en TIBC (P < .05), changements compatibles avec une déficience fonctionelle en fer. Aucun chat n'avait un panel de fer compatible avec une carence en fer absolue. En conclusion, les résultats de cette étude suggèrent que les MRC chez le chat sont des conditions pro-inflammatoires, ayant un impact sur le métabolisme du fer.The role of inflammation in the development and progression of feline chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not well characterized. Hepcidin, a recently discovered acute phase protein (APP) contributes to the development of anemia in human patients with CKD. The objectives of our study was to compare plasma APP including hepcidin, iron status, and erythropoietin (EPO) concentrations between healthy and cats with naturally occurring CKD. Eighteen healthy control cats and 38 cats with CKD were prospectively recruited. Complete physical examination along with hematology, biochemistry, plasma amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobine (HAP), EPO, iron, TIBC and ferritin were performed using routine laboratory analyses and commercially available feline ELISA-assays. Hepcidin-25 concentration was assessed with a human ELISA kit (DRG® Diagnostics). We found that mean SAA and hepcidin concentration were significantly higher and mean total iron and TIBC were significantly lower in the CKD group (P < .05). There was a significant positive correlation between creatinine and APPs (SAA and hepcidin; P < .05). Increase in SAA and hepcidin was also significantly associated with decrease of TIBC and PCV in the CKD group. The 14 (37%) anaemic cats with CKD had significantly and lower iron, TIBC, consistent with functional iron deficiency (P < .05). There were no patients with an iron profile suggestive of a true iron deficiency. There was no association with survival. In conclusion, our data suggest that feline CKD is a pro-inflammatory state, having significant impact on iron metabolism. With further validation, hepcidin may help better characterize these interactions

Étude clinique du chat en obstruction urétrale lors de son admission en urgences

Les obstructions urétrales félines (OUF) sont des situations d’urgence assez fréquentes dans la pratique courante des carnivores domestiques. Dans cette étude prospective sur 47 chats en OUF, 36,2% des animaux sont en situation d’hyperkaliémie au moment de leur admission. Parmi tous les paramètres testés, l’urée possède la plus forte corrélation avec le potassium (r=0,92 ; p<0,0001). Par ailleurs une urémie ≥ 38,7 mmol/L ou un pH veineux ≤ 7,22 permet de classer correctement 95,8% des animaux comme ayant ou n’ayant pas une kaliémie ≥ 6,5 mmol/L (Se = 92,3%; Sp = 97,1%). L’incidence des troubles du rythme cardiaque est de 66%. Les marqueurs les plus prédictifs des anomalies électrocardiographiques sont le potassium, le pH, l’urée et la température rectale. Il est intéressant de noter qu’un chat en OUF avec une kaliémie ≥ 8 mmol/L et un pH ≤ 7,22 a 68 fois plus de chances d’avoir un score ECG augmenté (IC95 [6,7-593,9] ; p< 0,05). L’incidence des lésions myocardiques lors d’OUF dans notre étude est de 28%. Il existe une association significative entre les troponines cardiaques I et les anomalies ECG ainsi que les différents paramètres associés de façon significative aux troubles du rythme cardiaque. Ainsi, nous suspectons fortement l’existence d’un lien entre la présence de troubles du rythme sévères chez les chats en OUF et l’apparition de lésions ischémiques myocardiques

Comparison of peak flow velocity through the left ventricular outflow tract and effective orifice area indexed to body surface area in Golden Retriever puppies to predict development of subaortic stenosis in adult dogs.

Objective — To evaluate the usefulness of Doppler-derived peak flow velocity through the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT Vmax) and effective orifice area indexed to body surface area (EOAi) in puppies to predict development of subaortic stenosis (SAS) in the same dogs as adults. Design — Prospective, longitudinal, observational study. Animals — 38 Golden Retrievers. Procedures — Cardiac auscultation and echocardiography were performed on 2- to 6-monthold puppies, then repeated at 12 to 18 months. Subaortic stenosis was diagnosed when LVOT Vmax was = 2.3 m/s in adult dogs with left basilar systolic murmurs. Results—All puppies with EOAi < 1.46 cm2/m2 had SAS as adults. All adults with EOAi <1.29 cm2/m2 had SAS. An LVOT Vmax > 2.3 m/s in puppyhood was 63% sensitive and 100% specific for SAS in adulthood. In puppies, LVOT Vmax was more strongly associated with a future diagnosis of SAS (area under the curve [AUC], 0.89) than was EOAi (AUC, 0.80). In puppies, the combination of LVOT Vmax and EOAi yielded slightly higher sensitivity (69%) and specificity (100%) for adult SAS than did LVOT Vmax alone. In unaffected and affected dogs, LVOT Vmax increased significantly from puppyhood to adulthood but EOAi did not. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance — In Golden Retriever puppies, LVOT Vmax > 2.3 m/s and EOAi < 1.46 cm2/m2 were both associated with a diagnosis of SAS at adulthood. The combination of these 2 criteria may result in higher sensitivity for SAS screening. Unlike LVOT Vmax, EOAi did not change during growth in either unaffected Golden Retrievers or those with SAS. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2014;245:1367–1374

Étude clinique du chat en obstruction urétrale lors de son admission en urgences

Les obstructions urétrales félines (OUF) sont des situations d urgence assez fréquentes dans la pratique courante des carnivores domestiques. Dans cette étude prospective sur 47 chats en OUF, 36,2% des animaux sont en situation d hyperkaliémie au moment de leur admission. Parmi tous les paramètres testés, l urée possède la plus forte corrélation avec le potassium (r=0,92 ; p= 38,7 mmol/L ou un pH veineux = 6,5 mmol/L (Se = 92,3%; Sp = 97,1%). L incidence des troubles du rythme cardiaque est de 66%. Les marqueurs les plus prédictifs des anomalies électrocardiographiques sont le potassium, le pH, l urée et la température rectale. Il est intéressant de noter qu un chat en OUF avec une kaliémie >= 8 mmol/L et un pH <= 7,22 a 68 fois plus de chances d avoir un score ECG augmenté (IC95 [6,7-593,9] ; p< 0,05). L incidence des lésions myocardiques lors d OUF dans notre étude est de 28%. Il existe une association significative entre les troponines cardiaques I et les anomalies ECG ainsi que les différents paramètres associés de façon significative aux troubles du rythme cardiaque. Ainsi, nous suspectons fortement l existence d un lien entre la présence de troubles du rythme sévères chez les chats en OUF et l apparition de lésions ischémiques myocardiques.TOULOUSE-EN Vétérinaire (315552301) / SudocSudocFranceF

Mesenteric-reno-caval shunt in an aged dog

No abstrac

Cryptococcal nasopharyngeal polypoid mass in a cat

Case summary An indoor 9-year-old castrated male domestic cat was referred with a 4 month history of increased upper airway noise. Computed tomography revealed a nasopharyngeal polypoid mass, which was removed endoscopically with basket forceps. Histopathology was compatible with a polypoid granulomatous pharyngitis with Cryptococcus -like organisms. This was supported by a positive serum latex cryptococcal antigen agglutination test (LCAT). Minimal inflammation of the nasal tissue was noted on histopathology, with no evidence of fungus. Following endoscopic removal of the mass, the patient was treated with systemic antifungal medication (itraconazole). One year after diagnosis, the LCAT titer was negative and the cat remained free of clinical signs. Relevance and novel information This case report emphasizes the importance of considering Cryptococcus species as a potential etiology in cats presented with signs of nasopharyngeal obstruction with an isolated nasopharyngeal polypoid mass, even if kept indoors

Comparison of peak flow velocity through the left ventricular outflow tract and effective orifice area indexed to body surface area in Golden Retriever puppies to predict development of subaortic stenosis in adult dogs

Objective- To evaluate the usefulness of Doppler-derived peak flow velocity through the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT Vmax) and effective orifice area indexed to body surface area (EOAi) in puppies to predict development of subaortic stenosis (SAS) in the same dogs as adults. Design- Prospective, longitudinal, observational study. Animals- 38 Golden Retrievers. Procedures- Cardiac auscultation and echocardiography were performed on 2- to 6-month-old puppies, then repeated at 12 to 18 months. Subaortic stenosis was diagnosed when LVOT Vmax was ≥ 2.3 m/s in adult dogs with left basilar systolic murmurs. Results- All puppies with EOAi 2.3 m/s in puppyhood was 63% sensitive and 100% specific for SAS in adulthood. In puppies, LVOT Vmax was more strongly associated with a future diagnosis of SAS (area under the curve [AUC], 0.89) than was EOAi (AUC, 0.80). In puppies, the combination of LVOT Vmax and EOAi yielded slightly higher sensitivity (69%) and specificity (100%) for adult SAS than did LVOT Vmax alone. In unaffected and affected dogs, LVOT Vmax increased significantly from puppyhood to adulthood but EOAi did not. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance- In Golden Retriever puppies, LVOT Vmax > 2.3 m/s and EOAi < 1.46 cm(2)/m(2) were both associated with a diagnosis of SAS at adulthood. The combination of these 2 criteria may result in higher sensitivity for SAS screening. Unlike LVOT Vmax, EOAi did not change during growth in either unaffected Golden Retrievers or those with SAS

Multicenter retrospective evaluation of transmural migration of subcutaneous ureteral bypass devices within the digestive tract in cats.

BackgroundPlacement of a subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) device is an effective method to relieve all causes of ureteral obstruction in cats. Complications involving migration within the gastrointestinal tract have been seldomly described.ObjectivesTo characterize transmural migration of SUB devices within the digestive tract in cats.AnimalsEleven migrated SUB catheters identified in 8 cats between 2017 and 2021.MethodsRetrospective review of medical records of cats with a SUB device in which migration into the gastrointestinal tract was identified.ResultsThe median time from SUB device placement to implant migration was 928 days (201-2298 days). Seven cats had obstruction of the SUB device and a positive urine culture at diagnosis. The migration was identified by ultrasound in 6/11, pre-operative contrast radiography in 2/2, and only at time of surgery in 3 SUB devices. All cats underwent surgical correction. Four nephrostomy and 7 cystotomy catheters migrated. Migration occurred into the duodenum (3/11), jejunum (7/11), and colon (1/11). SUB devices were removed in 7 cats and replaced in 2 cats, with 1 cat diagnosed with 2 migration events. Gastrointestinal resection and anastomosis were performed in 7/8 cats and an enterotomy in 2 cats. Six cats survived to discharge. The median follow-up time after migration diagnosis was 365 days (range, 0-1114 days) and 2 cats are still alive.Conclusions and clinical importanceAlthough a rare complication, migration of SUB device should be considered in cats with SUB device obstruction and a positive urine culture