Evaluation of the diets formulation type on performance of Arian broiler breeder hens

A study was conducted to determine the effects of diet formulation type on broiler breeder performance of 50 to 64 weeks of age. Three hundred and thirty six (336) female and 48 male breeders in eight treatments with six replicates (seven females with a male) were used in the form of a randomized trial design 2×2×2 factorial. Eight experimental diets were formulated based on three factors: first factor included two levels of apparent and true metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn and TMEn) of feed, the second factor included two levels of total amino acids (TAAF) and digestible (DAAF) of feed and the third factor included two levels of broiler breeder hens requirements based on total amino acids (TAAR) and digestible (DAAR). The results show that egg weight was significantly different which was affected by diets formulation based on energy (P<0.05). Diet formulation based on amino acids of feed and requirements had no effect on egg weight (P>0.05). Treatment 3 (AMEn+DAAF+TAAR) was at the best level significantly different in egg weight 68.97 (g), egg production 62.45%, egg mass 43.1 (g/hen/day) and feed conversion ratio 3.59 (P<0.05). Hatching eggs and hatchability was significantly different, which was affected by diet formulation based on energy, amino acids of feed and requirements (P<0.05). This experiment shows that the type of formulation of diets had significant effects on broiler breeder performance.Keywords: Broiler breeders, performance, digestible amino acids, fertility.African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(28), pp. 4530-453

The staffs’ understanding of the role of the health department website on health education in a university of medical sciences

BackgroundHealth related organizations have sought to design websites to provide various services, including access to relevant information by health care providers.AimsThe purpose of this study was to investigate the understanding of health care staff members of the role of the health sector website of Semnan University of Medical Sciences in their health education.Methods This cross –sectional study was performed on 369 employees of health care institutions affiliated to Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was developed.Results Mean score of the employees’ attitudes towards total characteristics of the health website were understanding of concepts of the health website was 3.65, for communications in the health website was 3.27 and for patient- centered of health website was 3.55. The results showed that there were significant relationships among total characteristics of the health website (P < 0.001).ConclusionOne can infer that the University's health department website is not proportionate to most of its domestic clients and could not provide the information needs of the healthcare staff. Therefore, practical and methodological considerations in the design of the website of the health department should be taken into consideration in order to provide user-oriented information on the website

Effect of different amino acids density diets on lysine, methionine and protein efficiency in Arian broiler

The advantages provided by amino acid (AA) densities to broiler performance have been well documented, but little research has been reported on comparing the effect of different densities, i.e. high, medium, standard and low amino acid levels (HAA, MAA, SAA, and LAA), on protein and energy efficiency in broiler. This study evaluated the effects of the four different amino acid densities in a completely randomized experimental design on 800 male (10 replicates per treatment) broilers. All diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. In broilers receiving HAA, there had been a significant increase in body weight at Day 42. Feeding broilers with HAA diets significantly increased protein and energy intake in the grower period and during the overall study period (0-42 days of age) (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in efficiency of lysine and methionine during all time periods (P<0.05) and HAA levels were significantly higher than SAA. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) and energy efficiency ratio (EER) were not affected by an increase in AA density. AA levels had a significant effect on production efficiency factor (PEF). The results of this study suggest that additional lysine and methionine at 120% and other AA at 110% of National Research Council recommendations in starter and grower diets significantly improved body weight and PEF

A Study of the Impact of Perceived Organizational Justice on Employee\\\'s Social Capital (Case Study: Health Network of Noshahr City)

Introduction In recent years, increasing attention to the issue of organizational justice and its impacts on organizational outcome has urged organizations to strive for organizational justice in order to survive and reach their objectives. Perceiving injustice has a destructive impact on teamwork spirit and motivation of employees. Injustice and unfair distribution of organization's outputs and achievements demoralize employees and diminish their motivation to be active and assiduous. Besides, it probably reduces performance, production and commitment to the organization. In fact, justice does not mean to assign a single standard for all members. Rather, it means that we must enact responsibilities in certain conditions and act upon them in a fair way. Organizational justice determines how the employees must be treated so they feel they are being treated with justice. According to Lopaciuk (2011, p.63), while organizational justice have a positive effect on an organization's manpower in achieving objectives of employees and the organization, the employees' social capital is also instrumental in a way that chances of success in an organization with high levels of social capital is much more than those organization in which social capital is low. Social capital is a kind of latent wealth and property which is the result of mental preparedness of members of a society to give up their personal interests and engage in collaborative action. It could be considered as a manageable phenomenon in the sense that we can restructure it according to policies of the organization or help the process of its formation. Unlike other kinds of capital, social capital does not exist physically. Rather, it is the result of group and social norms and interactions whose increase causes the reduction of operational costs of the organization. Social capital is generative in nature and urges people to preserve values, perform tasks correctly, reach their goals and accomplish their life plans. In other words, no person or organization could succeed without social capital. Because it is related to perceived sense of injustice, this study attempts to discuss the establishment of justice in organization and employees' opinion on this issue as an effective factor regarding the amount of employees' social capital in the organization. The results, if proven, could help managers employ people with more social capital and hence achieve more success by establishing organizational justice. Material and Method The present study is an applied and descriptive research attempting to offer a clear definition for the correlation of perceived organizational justice and the amount of personnel's social capital. This is a cross sectional field research. For testing empirical data, a conceptual model was designed by the authors. This model has two main parts, including organizational justice and social capital. In order to reach to research objectives, four hypotheses have been tested, investigating the relationship between perceived organizational justice and its dimensions (distributive, procedural and interactional justice) with the amount of employees' social capital. Research population is composed of the personnel of the health network in Noshahr city, of whom 136 individuals were sampled randomly. For data collection, a questionnaire was made by the researchers containing 31 questions based on Likert's five-degree scale. 15 of the questions include aspects of organizational justice and the other 16 questions are relate to aspects of social capital. The questionnaire has a high reliability (0.91) which was calculated by Cronbach's alpha. Also, the content validity of the questionnaire has been assured by using advice from experts. SPSS software was used for data analysis. The statistical methods used in this research include descriptive statistical methods (such as mean and single sample tables) and inferential statistics, including Pearson's correlation coefficient. Discussion of Results & Conclusions Testing of the main hypotheses of the study shows, with 95% of precision, that there is a significant and positive correlation between perceived organizational justice and the amount of social capital in the sense that employees'' positive perception of organizational justice could increase their amount of social capital. Therefore, we can say that not only people with more social capital can better trust other members of their organization, but they can also trust members of other groups and organizations as well, participating in political cooperation, and becoming members of different groups and associations. They can also help to establish trust and uplift the organization's reputation, establish informal relationships in the organization, create empathy among the members and work in teams to perform their tasks. According to the results, striving to increase justice in organizations is one of the most significant factors which help organizations create an environment full of social capital and make great achievements as well as enjoying the benefits of organizational justice. They could also have a greater influence on the amount of employees' social capital by improving their positive perception of the administrators' just behavior (interactional justice). The researchers have reached a consensus that distributive justice leads to organizational effectiveness. By increasing the perception of procedural justice, employees obtain a positive view of the organization and its managers even if they are dissatisfied with payments, promotions and other personal benefits. In addition, procedural justice influences employees' confidence in organization and encourages them to remain in the organization. Various studies have shown that those organizations in which high levels of social capital exist have better organizational performance and hence are more successful in competition with their rivals. Therefore, social capital is the pivot of management issues and those managers who can produce more social capital are considered successful. Studies show that employees' opinion regarding degree of respecting justice in the organization influences attitudes such as organizational commitment and the legitimacy of people in authority. In addition, when employees feel that the organizational procedures and outcomes are unfair, they probably have a weaker performance. This behavior might also damage the process of social capital development in the organization. So all organizations in general and the health network in particular, must do their best to empower the process of justice in distributing outcomes, procedures and social interactions. We recommend that a cultural organization will be established to facilitate the development of employees' social capital and to include social capital indexes in the performance and reward assessment systems of organizations. Administrators can affect their employees' social capital through improvement of the relationship between their subordinates, partnerships, flexible and democratic structures, clear appraisals, fair treatments and empowerment of the employees. A careful study of these factors may reveals different types of justice in each of them

Broiler performance in response to different methionine levels

Abstract The effect of different levels of Met on performance and carcass quality of broilers was investigated. Based on a completely randomized design, three treatments including T1 (+10% NRC requirement of Met), T2 (NRC requirement of Met), and T3 (-10% NRC requirement of Met) were used. Feed intake (FI) , body weight (BW) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured weekly. The effects of treatments on BW and FCR were not significant. Birds fed T1 had the highest FI among treatments, as the difference between T1 and T2 was significant. Significantly, carcass yield of T3 was lower than others. Birds fed control diet decreaes abdominal fat, significantly. The effects of treatments on other parameters (thigh, breast and liver percentages) were not significant. It can be concluded that diet formulation based on low Met level (-10% NRC) results in negative effects on broiler chickens

Analyzing the effect of homogeneous soil dams upstream slope on the hull leaks in the laboratory flume

Abstract: Leakage is infiltration or slow moving water through the soil mass. Leakage losses from dams have a large proportion of water losses in the agricultural sector. Create leaks in the soil dam, causing water loss, reducing the stability of the dam and the creation of health risks. In this respect, analyzing and seepage of soil dam is one of the first step and the most important issues in the design of dams that are considered by professionals. Sufficient knowledge of the basic rules of geotechnical leakage allows to the professionals to managing the appearing of serious problems in analysis and selects the best type of control system to avoid Leakage. Up to now, many efforts of researchers and scholars in communication about the effect of leaking and its controlling in soil dam have been studied. In this study, changes in the slope of the dam was evaluated in a laboratory model, and the results showed that by reducing the slope of the output rate on other side the dam will rises. Then obtained data from dimensional analysis by using SPSS statistical software analyzed and the obtained relations of software was compared with relations of dimensional analysis and finally good results have been obtained

A conceptual model of the impacts of quality components of a health department website on students’ health literacy at Semnan University of Medical Sciences

Background: People with poor health literacy are those who have less knowledge about disease management and health promotion behaviors, and generally have poorer health status. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of qualitative components of the health website of Semnan University of Medical Sciences on the students’ health literacy. Methods: This study was performed on 529 medical and allied health students in schools affiliated to Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2016-2017. A researcher-made questionnaire and standard questionnaire were used. Descriptive statistics and regression test were used by SPSS 19 to analyze data in significance level of 0.01. Results: The findings showed that there were poor relationships between communications in the health website and health literacy (R2=0.265, B=0.50), between understanding of concepts in the health website and health literacy (R2=0.259, B=0.38) and patient centeredness in the health website and health literacy (R2=0.241, B=0.30). Conclusion: It is concluded that the empowerment of students’ health literacy through the University Health Department website can be realized when the health department website is used as a tool for learning and the website is much more active in social marketing in the field of health