Predicting of disease free survival in patients with thyroid cancer and its influencing factors during 1978 to 2012

زمینه و هدف: سرطان تیروئید نوعی بدخیمی غدد درون‌ریز است که بروز آن به‌طور پیوسته در بسیاری از مناطق جهان در حال افزایش است. با توجه به این‎که ممکن است، عوامل متفاوتی بر بقای عاری از بیماری در مبتلایان به سرطان تیروئید موثر باشد؛ لذا هدف این مطالعه شناسایی این عوامل است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه هم‌گروهی تاریخی، 785 بیمار مبتلا به سرطان تیروئید تمایز یافته مراجعه‌کننده به بخش پزشکی هسته ای بیمارستان امام رضا (ع) و بیمارستان قائم (عج) شهر مشهد طی سال های 1357 تا 1391 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. پیگیری تمام بیماران از طریق مراجعات دوره‌ای و تماس تلفنی انجام شد. اثر عوامل مختلف دموگرافیکی و بالینی بر بقای عاری از بیماری مبتلایان با استفاده از مدل بقای وایبل ارزیابی شد. یافته ها: میانه زمان بقای عاری از بیماری مبتلایان برابر 05/1±15 سال به‎دست آمد. ارزیابی ویژگی‎های کلینیکی و پاتولوژی در حالت یک‌ متغیره نشان داد که تأثیر متغیرهای جنس، سن در زمان تشخیص، نوع سرطان، مرحله سرطان، نوع درمان، تیروگلوبولین اولیه، اندازه تومور، وضعیت گره‌های لنفاوی درگیر، وضعیت متاستاز و جراحی ناکامل و در حالت چندگانه نیز اندازه تومور، وضعیت متاستاز، وضعیت گره‌های لنفاوی درگیر و سن در زمان تشخیص رابطه معنی‎داری بر بقای عاری از بیماری مبتلایان داشت (05/0>P). نتیجه گیری: با توجه به عوامل متعدد تأثیرگذار بر خطر عود مجدد بیماران و تأثیرگذار بودن وضعیت متاستاز، اندازه تومور، وضعیت گره‌های لنفاوی درگیر و سن در زمان تشخیص در حالت تعدیل شده، به نظر می‌رسد افرادی که دارای متاستاز دوردست می‌باشند و در مرحله چهارم مرحله‎بندی اندازه تومور، دارای درگیری غدد گره‌های لنفاوی و بالای 45 سال می‌باشند، در خطر عود مجدد بیشتری قرار دارند

Investigating the safety atmosphere and its associated factors in a construction firm in 2011

Background and Aims: Safety performance in construction industries is a major concern. Occupational injuries and fatalities in these industries are so frequent indicating high rate of accidents. Improper comprehension and safety culture of workers may lead to unsafe behaviors which ultimately result in accidents. This work was conducted to investigate the safety climate and its associated factors in a construction firm.Materials and Methods: A validated questionnaire was used to determine the safety atmosphere and its relevant factors in two sites of a construction firm. According to MORGAN Table, 347 workers of a construction firm were randomly selected. The relations among safety atmosphere factors, as well as demographic characteristics were determined. Spearman’s rho test was used to analysis the data.Results: A meaningful relationship among the safety atmosphere factors was observed in both building workshops according to the Spearman’s rho test. The results also showed that management commitment factor was most associated with stress factors of production. There were significant relationships between age and some safety atmosphere factors such as safety training, production pressure, encouraging raising safety, and rule breaking (p<0.05). Job category had significant relationships with some factors including productionpressure, encouraging raising safety, and safety committees (p<0.05).Conclusion: Safety atmosphere and its associated factors are effective tools to determine the safety condition in the studied construction firm.Key words: Safety climate, Safety climate factors, Accident, Demographical features

Two Different Endotracheal Tube Securing Techniques: Fixing Bandage vs. Adhesive Tape

Introduction: Emergency physicians should secure Endotracheal tubes (ETT) properly in order to prevent unplanned extubation (UE) and its complications. Despite various available endotracheal tube holders, using bandages or tape are still the most common methods used in this regards. Objective: This study aimed to compare adhesive tape (AT) versus fixing bandage (FB) method in terms of properly securing ETT. Methods: This was an observational longitudinal trial. All patients older than 15-years-old admitted to the ED who had indication for ETT insertion were eligible. Patients were randomly assigned to one of the two groups in which AT or FB was applied. All patients were observed thoroughly in the first 24 hours after intubation. Using a pre-prepared checklist, encountered UE rate and other data were recorded. Results: Seventy-two patients with the mean age of 55.98 ± 18.39 years were finally evaluated of which 38 cases (52.8%) were male. In total, 12% of patients in our study experienced unplanned extubation. Less than 12% of the patients experienced complete UE; there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.24). Comparison of UE with age showed no significant difference (p = 0.89). Male patients experienced more UE, but this was not statistically significant (p = 0.44). Conclusion: It is likely that whether the AT method or FB was applied for securing the ETT in emergency departments, there was no significant difference in rates of unplanned extubation

"Effect of Aerobic Exercise Training on Pulmonary Function and Tolerance of Activity in Asthmatic Patients "

The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of a course of aerobic exercise on pulmonary function and tolerance of activity in asthmatic patients. Among the asthmatic patients, 36 patients (M= 16, F= 20) were chosen after clinical examinations, pulmonary function test, skin prick test (SPT) for aeroallergen and a six minute walk test (6MWT) on their own free will. A patient was said to have Exercise Induced Asthma (EIA) when he/she fulfilled the following criteria; (1) FEV1 < 80%, (2) 12% increase or more in FEV1 or PEF after short-acting ß2 agonist prescription and (3) 15% decrease in FEV1 or PEF after 6MWT with 70% or 80% of maximum heart rate. The patients were randomly put into two groups of case (M=8, F=10, Mean age=27) and control (M=8, F=10, Mean age=29). Case group participated in eight-week aerobic exercise plan, while control group had no plan of exercise. Pulmonary function tests were done before and after the course of exercise. There were significant changes in FEV1, FVC, PEF, FEF25-75%, MVV, RF and 6MWT between asthmatic patients of the two groups (P≤0.05), but FEV1/FVC showed no significant change. Mean of changes in FEV1, FVC, PEF, FEF25-75%, MVV, RF and 6MWT were –25.56, -17.19, 32.09, -27.93, -22.18, 5.63 and –307.5 in case group respectively while they were 6.2, 4.67, 1.96, 6.65, 15.56,-2.87 and 18.78 in the control group. This study shows that aerobic exercises in asthmatic patients lead to an improvement in pulmonary functions. Aerobic exercise rehabilitation can be a complement to medical treatment of asthma

Report three cases of Ataxia-Tlelengiectazia

, , (Received 15 Jun ,2008 ; Accepted 3 Dec ,2008) AbstractAtaxia-telangiectasia syndrome is an autosomal recessive associated with combined immunodeficiency, progressive cerebellum ataxia, telangiectasia, ocolomotor apraxia, dysartheria and respiratory infections. In this study we reported three cases from a family with classical symptoms. Second sibling was died at 13 old years because severe respiratory infection but third and forth siblings have life. The first sibling is female and normal

comparative study on the impact of educational development on the development of Iran and selected countries

Development literature show that the main concern of international organizations and scholars and scientific and research centers in the third millennium is human education and scientific development as an effective factor in development. This research aims to investigate the time series of the impact of science and technology on development. The type of this longitudinal research is time series and is intended to estimate, predict the time series of the impact and the trend of science and technology on development in the period 1980-2015 in 12 selected countries. The Selected countries have been selected in a targeted way the results of data analysis with R software show that by analyzing the significant difference between countries in the variable of human resources and education and technology variables by ANOVA, Significant differences between countries are confirmed. The results of dispersion graphs in all selected countries show upward trends. In general, the results indicate that growth and development during the 1980s to 2015 is on the rise and the trend of the impact of education and technology variables on development is on the upside, too

The Prevalence of Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis and Eczema in North of Iran: the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)

Objective: Asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema as a common chronic disorder in childhood, has many epidemiologic variations in different geographic areas. Uniform and standard epidemiologic researches are able to clear and modify scientific questions in this field. We carried out this study to determine the prevalence and intensity of pediatric allergic disease in our region. Material & Methods: This analytical-cross sectional study was performed on 2 groups of children; the first group aged 6-7 years (n=3240) and the second group aged 12-14 years (n=3254) during 2002-03. According to ISAAC programming, sample size consisted of 3000 children in each group. From all students 99.3% of primary students and 88.8% of guidance students entered into study. Data was gathered by ISAAC first phase questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS 10 and Chi square test. Findings: The 12-month prevalence rates of symptoms were as follow: wheezing 16.8% and 21.7%, allergic rhinitis symptoms 14.5% and 19.9% and atopic dermatitis symptoms 4.5% and 8.2%, for younger and older age group, respectively. The prevalence of wheezing and current wheeze did not show differences according to sex (P>0.05) but it was significantly higher in students of guidance school (P<0.05). The prevalence of previous history of asthma, speech disorders, wheezing after physical exercises and dry cough at night, rhinoconjuntivitis, recurrent rhinitis, eczema with pruritus, recurrent lesions and history of eczema was significantly higher in boys and in students of guidance school (P<0.05). The prevalence of flexor lesion did not show a significant difference according to age (P>0.05) but in boys it was higher than in the girls (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to our findings asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema have a moderate prevalence in this region of our countr

An enquiry into the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and ergonomic risk factors among Hamadan-based bakers in 2017

Background and Aim: Musculoskeletal disorders stand as the most common work-related problem in many developing and industrial countries. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and to assess ergonomic risk factors among traditional bread bakers. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic, cross-sectional study was conducted on 129 traditional bread bakers in Hamadan in February 2017. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was assessed using the Nordic questionnaire, body map, and Visual Analogue Scale. The ACGIH-HAL method was used to assess hand activity level and hand maximum acceptable strength. Analysis of data was performed in SPSS (version 20) using Chi-square and independent T tests. Results: The mean and standard deviation of tenure, height, weight, BMI, and age were, respectively, 4&plusmn;6.82 (year), 1.6&plusmn;0.08 (m), 60&plusmn;12.76 (kg), 24.65&plusmn;4.70 and 43.5&plusmn;12.60 (year). The organs involved in baking consisted of the neck, shoulders, back, waist, elbow, arm, hand, thigh, knee, shin and ankle. The highest prevalence rates of pain in workers referred, respectively, to the middle back (n=38; %92.68), knees (n=33; %80.49), shoulders (n=13; %30.95), forearms (n=11; %26.19), and wrists (n=11; %26.19). The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders correlated significantly with BMI and tenure (P <0.05). Conclusion: Musculoskeletal disorders of the knees, the middle and lower back, shoulders and wrists are of a high prevalence among bakers of traditional bread. Therefore, both engineering and management interventions are recommended to eliminate musculoskeletal disorders