Appearance of Good Governance as a Principle of Fundamental Law

The contention of “good governance” is emerging as a principle of basic law. As such, the paper will explore the rights-duties framework that is subsumed within the concept of good governance, and establishes a broad hypothesis on the legal standing of the principle of good governance in fundamental law, so, we will determine whether or not there exists a right to good governance in law. In undertaking this investigation, it is anticipated that a theoretical hypothesis will be established to confirm that the concept of “good governance” is indeed emerging as a principle of law. Keywords: Good governance, Principle, Development Assistance, Digital Governance

Outcome of tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty: A single-center experience with 307 cases

Introduction: In order to assess our skill in the tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty technique in children with hypospadias.Material andMethods: Of 307 children (mean age 38 month) who received a TIP urethroplasty, all had primary hypospadias. Patients who were referred with complication were eliminated from our study. The hypospadias defects were subcoronal in 25 (8%), distal penile in 236 (76%), midpenile in 25 (8%), proximal in 14(4%) and unknown in 7(2%) cases. Chordee was present in 53 (17.2%) patients. Presence of complications requiring reoperation and overall general appearance was recorded.Results: The mean follow-up was 36 (19-72) months. Overall success rate was 70 % (215). Re-operation was required in 92 patients (30%): for urethrocutaneous fistula in 79 (26%), complete disruption of the repair in 2(0.6%) cases and meatal stenosis requiring meatoplasty in 12 (3%). Complete glans dehiscence occurred in 3 patients, which was repaired using the MAGPI technique. Partial breakdown of the glans occurred in 10 cases which did not require further surgery. One case had a huge urethral diverticulum.Conclusions: This technique is relatively common compared to other accessible operations, but attention to details is necessary in order to achieve good results. It appears that complications, such as fistulas and meatal stenosis are more common in this method than other techniques, which require more research in the future

A New Distinguisher for CubeHash-8/b and CubeHash-15/b Compression Functions

CubeHash is one of the round 2 candidates of the public SHA-3 competition hosted by NIST. It was designed by Bernstein. In this paper we find a new distinguisher to distinguish CubeHash compression function from a random function. This distinguisher principle is based on rotational analysis that formally introduced by Khovratovich and Nikolic. In order to use this technique, we need to compute the probability that four swap functions in CubeHash round function preserve the rotational property for any input pair. We compute these probabilities and find a new distinguisher that distinguish CubeHash-8/b and CubeHash-15/b compression function from a random function with probability greater than and , respectively. Until we know this is the first distinguisher for CubeHash compression function with more than 14 rounds

Antibacterial Substantivity of Carvacrol and sodium hypochlorite in infected bovine root dentin

INTRODUCTION: Various methods commonly used for cleaning and shaping root canals have not been successful in completely eradicating bacteria due to anatomic complexity and root canals irregularities. Disinfecting the canals with intracanal irrigants in addition to proper cleaning and shaping can produce a successful outcome. Antimicrobials with sustained antibacterial activity would be desirable for irrigation. The purpose of this study was to compare the antimicrobial substantivity of Carvacrol and 5.25% NaOCl in infected bovine root dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty dentin tubes prepared from bovine incisors were infected in vitro for 14 days with Enterococcus (E) faecalis. The specimens were divided into four groups including 1) Carvacrol, 2) NaOCl, 3) infected dentin tubes (positive control); and 4) sterile dentin tubes (negative control). Dentin chips were collected at five intervals (days 0, 1, 3, 7 and 28) using round burs with sequentially increasing diameters (which includes five layers of dentin) into Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth. In order to compare the pre- and post-irrigation antimicrobial activity of the irrigants the colony-forming units (CFU) were counted and classified as “CFU-before” and “CFU-after”. After culturing, the number of CFU with the various experimental time and dentinal layers was recounted. Two-way ANOVA test was used to analyze the effects of time and materials. One-way ANOVA and supplemental Tukey HSD test were used for pair comparison. RESULTS: CFU was significantly reduced in NaOCl group when compared to all other experimental groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The substantivity of NaOCl was significantly greater than Carvacrol. Further studies are required to investigate and approve Carvacrol as a final irrigant

Tumefactive Multiple Sclerosis Variants: Report of Two Cases of Schilder and Balo Diseases

How to Cite This Article: Ashrafi Mr, Tavasoli AR, Alizadeh H, Zare Noghabi J, Parvaneh N. Tumefactive Multiple Sclerosis Variants: Report of Two Cases of Schilder and Balo Diseases. Iran J Child Neurol. Spring 2017; 11(2):69-77. AbstractA tumefactive lesion of central nervous system (CNS) is defined as a mass-like lesion with a size greater than 2 cm in brain detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Neuroimaging may help to distinguish the nature of a tumefactive lesion and therefore, can prevent an unnecessary brain biopsy. Here we emphasized on determining the nature of a CNS tumefactive lesions with the help of MRI and more explanations about demyelinating lesions with focus on Schilder and Balo diseases as two multiple sclerosis variants. We have reported here two boys of 10 and 8 years of age respectively of multiple sclerosis (MS) variants who presented with acute neurologic complications to our hospital as one of the two referral children hospital in Tehran, Iran. Tumefactive demyelinating lesions can be considered a separate entity that itself can contain Schilder disease, Balo disease, some cases of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) or classic MS. MRI can help to establish a diagnosis of a tumefactive lesion and to differentiate among different underlying etiologies. References 1. Bastianello S, Pichiecchio A, Spadaro M, Bergamaschi R, Bramanti P, Colonnese C, et al. Atypical multiple sclerosis: MRI findings and differential diagnosis. Neurol Sci 2004;25(4):S356-60.2. Hinnell CJ, Lu JQ, Rajapakse T, Mah JK. Acute tumefactive inflammatory demyelination in a child. Pediatr Neurol 2011 44:394-5.3. Legido A, Tenembaum SN, Katsetos CD, Menkes JH. Autoimmune and postinfectious disease in: Menkes JS, Sarnat HB; Maraia, BL, editors. Child Neurology. 7th ed. Philadephia: Lippincott Williams &Wilkins; 2006.p.557- 634.4. Bacigaluppi S, Polonara G, Zavanone ML, Campanella R, Branca V, Gaini SM, et al. Schilder’s disease: non-invasive diagnosis? 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Balo’s concentric sclerosis presenting with benign clinical course and multiple sclerosis-like lesions on magnetic resonance images. Neurol India 2009;57:66-8.18. Pearce JM. Balo’s encephalitis periaxialis concentrica. Eur Neurol 2007;57:59-61.19. Fillipi MDS, N; Dousset, V; MacGowan, JC. MR imaging in white matter diseases of brain and spinal cord. 1st ed. Germany: Springer; 2005.20. Hernandez-Clares R, Di Capua D, Bartolome M, de Las Heras V, Arroyo R. Balo’s concentric sclerosis. Neurologia 2011;26:125-7.21. Donati PR, A. Pediatric neuroradiology- brain, head, neck and spine. 1st ed. Germany: Springer; 2005.22. Chiang IC, Hsieh TJ, Chiu ML, Liu GC, Kuo YT, Lin WC. Distinction between pyogenic brain abscess and necrotic brain tumour using 3-tesla MR spectroscopy, diffusion and perfusion imaging. Br J Radiol 2009;82:813-20.23. Cianfoni A, Niku S, Imbesi SG. Metabolite findings in tumefactive demyelinating lesions utilizing short echo time proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AJNR 2007;28:272-7.24. Masu K1, Beppu T, Fujiwara S, Kizawa H, Kashimura H, Kurose A, et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion-weighted imaging of tumefactive demyelinating plaque. Neurol Med Chir 2009;49:430-3.25. Muccio CF, Di Blasi A, Esposito G, Brunese L, D’Arco F, Caranci F. Perfusion and spectroscopy magnetic resonance imaging in a case of lymphocytic vasculitis mimicking brain tumor. Pol J Radiol 2013;78:66-9.26. Panchal NJ, Niku S, Imbesi SG. Lymphocytic vasculitis mimicking aggressive multifocal cerebral neoplasm: mr imaging and MR spectroscopic appearance. AJNR 2005;26:642-5.27. Gavra M, Boviatsis E, Stavrinou LC, Sakas D. Pitfalls in the diagnosis of a tumefactive demyelinating lesion: A case report. J Med Case Rep 2011;7:217

JHAE: A Novel Permutation-Based Authenticated Encryption Mode Based on the Hash Mode JH

In this paper JHAE, an authenticated encryption (AE) mode, was presented based on the JH hash mode. JHAE is an on-line and single-pass dedicated AE mode based on permutation that supports optional associated data (AD). It was proved that this mode, based on ideal permutation, achieved privacy and integrity up to O(2n=2) queries where the length of the used permutation was 2n. To decrypt, JHAE did not require the inverse of its underlying permutation and therefore saved area space. JHAE has been used by Artemia, one of the CAESAR candidates