A Review on Fuzzy - AHP technique in Environmental Impact Assessment of Construction Projects, India

There are several countries today using procedures for Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is based on a series of mathematical techniques which attempt to localize, describe and assess the positive and negative effects that any human activity has on our environment, generally causing it to deteriorate. The environmental impact assessment (EIA) of projects requires the evaluation of the effects of very diverse actions on a number of different environmental factors, the uncertainty and inaccuracy being inherent in the process of allocating values to environmental impacts carried out by a panel of experts, stakeholders and affected population. The application of the fuzzy Logic and AHP technique can be helpful in identification of the risk associated with construction or developing project and improves the study of EIA. Fuzzy is one of the characteristics of human thoughts for which fuzzy sets theory is an effective tool for fuzziness. A fuzzy logic knowledge-based approach can be used for the environmental impact assessment study of the different construction projects. The review article highlights the role of Fuzzy AHP logic method in EIA of different construction projects, fuzzy logic modeling - software for fuzzy EIA, fuzzy numbers and steps of fuzzy methods as well as reveals that how fuzziness can be determined by applying fuzzy logic method in construction projects

Consequences of Pesticides on Environment: A Review

Outrageous use of pesticides has raised major issue of environmental concern. Pesticides cover broad range of insecticides, fungicides, weedicides, herbicides, rodenticides, nematicides, molluscicides, growth regulators etc. Although the purpose of pesticides is to harm only the target pests but if it is not used correctly, they can also harm people or the environment. Agricultural development perpetuates to remain the most paramount objective of Indian orchestrating and policy. In the process of development of agriculture, pesticides have become a consequential implement as a plant protection agent for boosting aliment engenderment. Further, pesticides play a consequential role by keeping many dreadful diseases. However, exposure to pesticides both occupationally and environmentally causes a range of human health quandaries. The objective of this paper is to review effects of pesticides on various biotic and abiotic factors of the environment and to mitigate proper solutions for it

Cheminformatics: A Patentometric Analysis

Cheminformatics has entrenched itself as a core discipline within chemistry, biology, and allied sciences, more particularly in the field of Drug Design Discovery and Development. The article begins with a patent analysis of the progressing field of cheminformatics from 1996 to early 2021 using the Relecura and Lens patent database. It proceeds with a description of patents in various domains and aspects. The eye-catching mind map shows the landscape of cheminformatics patent search. The results reveal the star rating-wise patent counts and the trends in the sub-technological research areas. At the end of the article, quantum clustering and eminent directions towards the future of cheminformatics have been discussed. This study would provide the directions to academicians, techno enthusiasts, researchers, stakeholders, or investors and helps increase the awareness of the potential of cheminformatics and quantum clustering

Green technology: an eco-friendly approach towards sustainable agriculture

Indiscriminate use of agrochemicals for agriculture practices such as pest control, weed control, increasing soil fertility etc. may cause some undesirable effects not only to the agricultural ecosystem but also to human health due to persistent in nature. This led to the need for curtail our dependency on chemical based agro products and search for alternatives, which are environmentally feasible. In this regard, sustainable agriculture plays a vital role worldwide as it offers the potential to meet the present agricultural needs. It is also an alternative to upgrade the national economy without degrading the environmental quality. Green technology also an eco-friendly way and ensures safe and healthy agricultural outputs for mankind. The contribution of green technology towards sustainable development in the agricultural sector has been described in the present paper. It also an attempt to elaborate the role of green technology along with how it would be helpful in the sustainable development

Green technology: an eco-friendly approach towards sustainable agriculture

Indiscriminate use of agrochemicals for agriculture practices such as pest control, weed control, increasing soil fertility etc. may cause some undesirable effects not only to the agricultural ecosystem but also to human health due to persistent in nature. This led to the need for curtail our dependency on chemical based agro products and search for alternatives, which are environmentally feasible. In this regard, sustainable agriculture plays a vital role worldwide as it offers the potential to meet the present agricultural needs. It is also an alternative to upgrade the national economy without degrading the environmental quality. Green technology also an eco-friendly way and ensures safe and healthy agricultural outputs for mankind. The contribution of green technology towards sustainable development in the agricultural sector has been described in the present paper. It also an attempt to elaborate the role of green technology along with how it would be helpful in the sustainable development

Study of Public Perception about Health Hazards and Risks by Electromagnetic Emission from Cell Phones and Base Stations in India

Telecom wireless communication is changing from slow to fast, voice to data centric changing technologies earlier we already have 2G, 3G, & now 4G & future is about 5G. With this tele-density is increasing & user’s demand of higher bandwidth has become need of the hour, whether it is transactions, education, social networking etc. All this need network expansion to share the load to accommodate newer technologies. Hence need for more mobile towers, more micro sites, here comes the role of public perception how they look at these new technologies & hyped health hazards by media/ activists associated with EMF used in mobile communication. If the perception is negative, there would be protest by public in installing near towers as well as removing existing ones. It is therefore vital to understand the gap between scientific assessment of emission from tower & phone instrument & public perception. How this gap can be narrowed? What policy should be adopted by Govt.? Whether precautionary steps are helpful? Role of media are to be examined by way of primary data collected & secondary data taken DOT, TRAI, WHO etc. With the help of primary data collected from the four largest states (area wise Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh(MP), Uttar Pradesh (UP), Maharashtra)with the help of 30 questions, this article seeks to explore the public perception about health hazards, Fischhoff

Use of fish scales as a tool for research - A Review

Various kinds of scales are found in fishes which are derived from the connective tissue of the dermis and form the exoskeleton. Scales of the fishes had been used as tool for experimental justifications. Structurally they are composed of circuli, radii, focal region and chromatophores region. Scales of fish are used for classification, identification and growth studies of different fishes, pollution indicators etc

The Potentiality of Selected Strain of PGPR: Azotobacter, for Sustainable Agriculture in India

In modern agriculture, large numbers of pesticides are being used to inhibit pests to get maximum crop production .The rapidly growing industrialization along with an increasing population has resulted in the accumulation of a wide variety of chemicals. One promising treatment method is to exploit the ability of microorganisms to remove pollutants from contaminated sites. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a group of free-living bacteria that can be found in the rhizosphere and contribute to enhance the growth and yield of crop plants. In the last few decades, many microorganisms show positive effect on plant development. Azotobacter has been used as a potential nitrogenous fertilizer to increase crop growth. Azotobacter has the capacity of fixing atmospheric nitrogen, it include the production of plant hormones like auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins, nitrogen fixation, These qualities makes Azotobacter the most successful and widespread group among the PGPR, as well as they produce substances that change the plant growth and morphology. Co-inoculants of Azotobacter with Rhizobium has been reduced water stress and  dual inoculation of Azospirillium and Azotobacter significantly increased the concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), Potassium, Megnisium, Nitrogen and total soluble sugars (TSS). Azotobacter increases the tolerance capacity of plants. Azotobacter inoculum with high yielding EPS (exopolysaccharides) and high nitrogen fixing ability can be utilized to satisfy the future demand of augmented crop production attributed to increase plant growth promoting agents

Global vaccine inequities and multilateralism amid COVID-19: Reconnaissance of Global Health Diplomacy as a panacea?

Background: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has shown a crystal-clear warning that nobody will be safe until everybody is safe against the pandemic. However, how everyone is safe when the pandemic’s fat tail risks have broken every nerve of the global economy and healthcare facilities, including vaccine equity. Vaccine inequity has become one of the critical factors for millions of new infections and deaths during this pandemic. Against the backdrop of exponentially growing infected cases of COVID-19 along with vaccine in-equity, this paper will examine how multilateralism could play its role in mitigating vaccine equity through Global Health Diplomacy (GHD). Second, given the most affected developing countries’ lack of participation in multilateralism, could GHD be left as an option in the worst-case scenario?. Methods: In this narrative review, a literature search was conducted in all the popular databases, such as Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed and Google search engines for the keywords in the context of developing countries and the findings are discussed in detail. Results: In this multilateral world, the global governance institutions in health have been monopolized by the global North, leading to COVID-19 vaccine inequities. GHD aids health protection and public health and improves international relations. Besides, GHD facilitates a broad range of stakeholders’ commitment to collaborate in improving healthcare, achieving fair outcomes, achieving equity, and reducing poverty. Conclusion: Vaccine inequity is a major challenge of the present scenario, and GHD has been partly successful in being a panacea for many countries in the global south

Aluminium doped ZnO nanostructures for efficient photodegradation of indigo carmine and azo carmine G in solar irradiation

Aluminium doped zinc oxide (AZO) nanomaterials (AlxZn1-xO) with x fraction varying as 0.02 and 0.04 were synthesized using the auto-combustion method using glycine as a fuel. The synthesized catalysts were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Visible Spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Raman spectroscopy, Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM). XRD results showed that synthesized materials possessed good crystallinity, while UV–VIS was employed to find the band gaps of synthesized materials. Raman was used to determine the vibrational modes in the synthesized nanoparticles, while TEM analysis was performed to study the morphology of the samples. Industrial effluents such as indigo carmine and azo carmine G were used to test the photodegradation ability of synthesised catalysts. Parameters such as the effect of catalyst loading, dye concentration and pH were studied. The reduction in crystallite size, band gap and increased lattice strain for the 4% AZO was the primary reason for the degradation in visible irradiation, degrading 97 and 99% equimolar concentrations of indigo carmine and azo carmine G in 140 min. The Al doped ZnO was found to be effective in faster degradation of dyes as compared to pure ZnO in presence of natural sunlight.This work was supported by an NPRP grant from the Qatar National Research Fund under NPRP12S-0131–190030