Progressive collapse performance of masonry infiiled RC frames

After the collapse of Ronan Point Apartment, the risk of progressive collapse of buildings due to local damage was attracted by the design engineers and research communities. However, the studies on progressive collapse began to inflate after the collapse of Murrah Federal Building and World Trade Center. Since the beginning of this century, a number of numerical and experimental studies had been conducted on the behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) frame to resist progressive collapse. It is found that the structures may not collapse due to the potential of development of secondary load resisting mechanisms (Compressive Arch Action, Tensile Catenary Action, Compressive Membrane action, and Tensile Membrane Actions). However, majority of existing studies are focused on the bare frame excluding the resistant contribution from partition infill frames. Some of the numerical results had indicated that the masonry infilled walls may upgrade the load resisting capacity of the frames to mitigate progressive collapse. However, it is also pointed out that the infilled wall may lead to shear failure at the beam or joint and reduce the ductility of the frame. Moreover, the additional weights from the infilled walls may further detriment the behavior. However, as little tests had been carried out to uncover the influence of infilled walls, the understanding on the behavior of RC frame with masonry infilled walls to resist progressive collapse is still unclear. In addition, the secondary load resisting mechanisms developed in the masonry infilled RC frames to mitigate progressive collapse should be quantified. For this purpose, a series of six one-quarter scaled multi-storey multi-bay RC frames with or without infilled walls were carried out by push-down loading regimes.  Bachelor of Engineering (Civil

Niveles de nitrógeno y su fraccionamiento en el cultivo del gladiolo para suelos Ferralíticos Rojos Nitrogen levels and their fractioning in gladiolus cultivation for Ferralitic Red soils

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar niveles crecientes de nitrógeno y momentos de aplicación del fertilizante nitrogenado en el cultivo del gladiolo. La experiencia se desarrolló en el Instituto de Investigaciones Hortícolas Liliana Dimitrova (Municipio de Quivicán, La Habana, Cuba), en un suelo Ferralítico Rojo, entre los meses de octubre y febrero de las campañas 2004/2005 y 2005/2006. Se evaluaron los componentes de la calidad de las espigas y del material de plantación, así como el efecto de los tratamientos en el estado nutricional de la planta y en la vida en anaquel de las espigas. No se observaron diferencias entre las dosis de nitrógeno y los momentos de aplicación del fertilizante en las variables de calidad de la espiga y del cormo. No obstante, con la variante 70 kg ha-1 de N, aplicada ½ en plantación y ½ a los 60 días posteriores, se logra un mayor porcentaje de espigas ubicadas en las categorías comerciales y un menor número de tallos florales de calidad inferior. En cuanto al estado nutricional de la plantación, existe una relación positiva entre los niveles y los contenidos foliares de nitrógeno aplicados.<br>The objective of this study was to evaluate growing nitrogen levels and application time of the nitrogen fertilizer in gladiolus cultivation. The experiment was carried out at Instituto de Investigaciones Hortículas Liliana Dimitrova (in the Municipality of Quivicán, La Habana, Cuba) in an Oxisol soil, from October to February of the 2004-2005 and 2005-2006 crop seasons. The quality components of the spikes and plant material were evaluated, as well as the effect of the treatments on the plant nutritional state and the shelf life of the spikes. No differences between nitrogen doses and fertilizer application time in quality variables of spikes and corms were observed. Nevertheless, with the variant 70 kg ha-1 of N, one half applied in plantation and the other half applied 60 days later, a higher spike percentage of commercial categories and a lesser number of stems of inferior quality were obtained. As for the plantation nutritional state, there is a positive relation between the applied nitrogen levels and the foliar content of this element

Effects of environmental changes on the allergen content of wheat grain

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020. All rights reserved. The protein composition of wheat grain is a primary determinant of its end-use quality. Grain proteins are also responsible for food-related disorders in humans, such as celiac disease, wheat dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis, food allergy and baker\u27s asthma. The effects of environmental conditions on grain protein composition have been extensively studied. Abiotic and biotic stresses can have significant effects on the expression of grain proteins and the overall allergen content of wheat grain. Breeding programs to select wheat varieties with low allergen content represent one step towards eventually improving the quality of life for people affected by gluten intolerance and wheat allergy. This chapter aims to review current understanding of how changes in global environments affect the expression of proteins associated with food-related diseases