Intermuscular Lipoma in Dogs

Background: Lipoma is a benign tumor composed of mature adipose tissue commonly found in subcutaneous tissues. However, eventually, lipomas may be located between the muscle fasciae being classifed as intermuscular lipomas. Complete surgical resection of the tumor mass is indicated as a treatment of affected patients.This report describes fve cases of intermuscular lipoma in dogs, due to the scarcity of data in the literature and lipoma relative importance in the clinical and surgical routine.Case: Five dogs were presented with a history of a large volume in the limbs with progressive growth, suggesting the presence of neoplasia. The frst step was to conduct anamnesis, when the owner reported slow growth, absence of pain, limping and licking of site. No other change was observed upon physical examination. Complete blood count (CBC) as well as liver assessment (FA) and renal (creatinine) were performed in all patients, and the results showed no changes. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed and showed cells from adipose tissue, followed by histopathological examination of the lesions. Histopathological examination after incisional biopsy of the tumors showed malignancy-freetissue, composed of adipocytes without atypia, interspersed with fbrovascular stroma, confrming the lipoma diagnosis.Intermuscular lipomas were diagnosed in fve dogs with a history of a large volume in the limbs with progressive growth; all of them underwent bloc resection of the tumors. In all cases, the intermuscular lipomatous tumors were well-circumscribed and easily isolated from the tissues.Discussion: Although lipomas are relatively common in older dogs, especially in the subcutaneous tissue, intermuscular subtype is rare in veterinary medicine, which justifes the report of these cases. Intermuscular lipomas account for only 0.3% of the occurrences in human medicine. Morphologically described as tumors of slow and progressive evolution, typically reaching sizes up to 2 cm in humans, the particular cases of tumor masses greater than 5 cm are called giant lipomas. Theslow development of intermuscular lipomas has also been described in domestic animals by, thus corroborating the clini cal history in this work. The intermuscular septum is considered as the origin of intermuscular lipoma, with subsequent development of the adipose tissue between adjacent muscle bundles, thus, resulting usually in well-circumscribed mass of easy surgical divulsion. The morphological characteristics of the resected lipomas, as well as the simple surgical technique corroborate descriptions in the literature. Intermuscular lipomas consist of a challenging diagnosis despite attracting little attention from surgeons. The possibility of the mass being malignant, such as liposarcoma, should also be consideredsince the clinical symptoms consist of swelling of the deep soft tissues. The diagnosis for all these patients was obtained by histopathological examination, since the simple observation of the clinical fndings alone does not support the tumor diagnosis. Lipoma and liposarcoma should be differentiated by cytological and histopathological evaluations of the neoplasia, whereas infltrative lipomas can be diagnosed based on diagnostic imaging methods or even on the fndings during surgery. In this report, specifcally, the fndings during surgery contributed to the differentiation between infltrative and intermuscular lipoma, while for malignancy rating all patients underwent cytological and histopathological evaluations asindicated in the literature. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that complete resection of intermuscular lipoma proved to be an effective treatment to cure the patients.Keywords: benign neoplasm, surgery, resection of intermuscular, canine

Histomorphological and immunophenotypic diagnoses of gastrointestinal stromal tumors and other sarcomas that affect the intestine of dogs

In view of the morphological similarity between gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and other sarcomas of the intestine of dogs, the aim was to carry out the histomorphological and immunohistochemical diagnosis of these tumors, associating breed, sex and age, location and tumor invasion. 217 cases were evaluated by histopathology and 36 diagnosed by immunohistochemistry were included (24 GIST and 12 other intestinal sarcomas). Mixed breed dogs were the most diagnosed with GIST, mainly elderly females (9.5±2.2 years); in the other intestinal sarcomas, crossbreeds and Dachshunds, males and females, were equally affected. The cecum was the most affected by GISTs, with tumor invasion of the intestinal layers in all cases. The small intestine was the most affected by the other intestinal sarcomas, with invasion of the layers in most of these tumors. GISTs expressed markers such as CD117 and DOG-1, unlike other intestinal sarcomas. GIST and other intestinal sarcomas denoted histomorphological and immunophenotypic characteristics similar to histopathology, justifying the association of immunohistochemistry for the definitive diagnosis. Keywords: CD117; DOG-1; GIST; veterinary oncolog

Uso de inibidores de COX-2 no tratamento do carcinoma de células de transição de bexiga em cães: revisão

Recently several studies have been performed correlating the development and progression of some types of cancer with cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) use and therefore the production of prostaglandins in human and animals tumor cells. The mechanisms involved in this process are the inhibition of apoptosis, induction of angiogenesis, stimulating cell proliferation, increased tumor invasiveness (favoring metastasis mechanisms) and the suppression of the immune system. These observations suggested the benefits with the use of COX-2 inhibitor in some types of cancer, especially of transitional cell bladder carcinoma. In this context, this paper aims to briefly review the literature of COX-2 inhibitor use in the treatment of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in dogs.En las últimas décadas varios estudios tienen sido realizados correlacionando el desarrolo y progresión de ciertos tipos de neoplasia con la presencia de la ciclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) y por lo tanto exceso de producción de las prostaglandinas en las células tumorales. Los mecanismos implicados en este proceso son la inhibición de la apoptosis, la inducción de angiogénesis, la estimulación de la proliferación celular, el aumento en la capacidad de invasión del tumor (lo que favorece los mecanismos de metástasis) y la supresión del sistema inmune. A partir de estas observaciones el uso de inhibidores de COX-2 se han sugerido y algunos tipo de neoplasias especialmente en el carcinoma de células de transiciones de vejiga. En este contexto, el presente trabajo consiste de una revisión bibliográfica sobre el uso de inhibidores de COX-2 en el tratamiento del carcinoma de células de transicionales de vejiga en perros.Nas últimas décadas diversos estudos têm sido realizados correlacionando o desenvolvimento e progressão de alguns tipos de neoplasias com a presença da cicloxigenase-2 (COX-2) e consequentemente superprodução de prostaglandinas nas células tumorais. Os mecanismos envolvidos neste processo são a inibição da apoptose, a indução de angiogênese, o estímulo à proliferação celular, o aumento na capacidade de invasão tumoral (favorecendo os mecanismos de metástase) e a supressão do sistema imune. A partir destas observações, o uso de inibidores de COX-2 foi sugerido em alguns tipos de neoplasias especialmente no carcinoma de células de transição de bexiga. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho consiste da revisão de literatura sobre o uso de inibidores de COX-2 no tratamento do carcinoma de células de transição de bexiga em cães

Surgical treatment of lumbar extradural chondroma in a dog - Case report

Neoplasms originating in the spinal canal are uncommon in small animal veterinary clinic, but when present can cause significant neurological signs. Anatomically, these neoplasms can be classified as extradural, intradural-extramedullary and medullary. Extradural neoplasms are located outside the dura mater, but they can cause compression of the spinal cord. The chondromas are benign neoplasms characterized by the formation of cartilage and is rarely located in the spinal canal in both human and veterinary medicine. We describe a case of lumbar extradural chondroma in a dog that surgical decompression and removal of the mass allowed the resolution of clinical signs of paralysis with return of function of the hind limbs of the patient

Hipercalcemia maligna secundária a carcinoma de saco anal em cão: a importância do reconhecimento das síndroems paraneoplásicas

The anal sac carcinoma is an uncommon neoplasm in dogs originates in the apocrine glands located inside the anal sac. The main paraneoplastic syndrome related to this tumor is malignant hypercalcemia. We describe a case of carcinoma of anal sac with malignant hypercalcemia in which manifestations of paraneoplastic syndrome resulting clicks were essential for the correct diagnosis.El carcinoma del saco anal es una neoplasia poco frecuente en los perros se origina en las glándulas apocrinas situadas en el interior del saco anal. La principal síndrome paraneoplásica relacionada con este tumor es la hipercalcemia maligna. Se describe un caso de carcinoma del saco anal con hipercalcemia maligna en que las manifestaciones clínicas resultantes de esta síndrome paraneoplásica fueron esenciales para el diagnóstico correcto.O carcinoma do saco anal é uma neoplasia infrequente em cães que se origina nas glândulas apócrinas localizadas no interior do saco anal. A principal síndrome paraneoplásica relacionada a este tumor é a hipercalcemia maligna. Descreve-se um caso de carcinoma de saco anal com hipercalcemia maligna em que as manifestações clínicas decorrentes desta síndrome paraneoplásica foram fundamentais para o correto diagnóstico

Quimiodectoma de corpo aórtico em cão

Chemodectomas are neoplasms originated from chemoreceptors mainly present on the aortic and carotid bodies. The etiology of this kind of tumor is related to genetic factors and chronic hypoxia. Brachycephalic breeds such as Boxer and Boston Terrier are predisposed to develop this neoplasia. This article reports the case of a 10-year-old female Boxer presented to the Veterinary Hospital of the Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science School in Botucatu with a two-day history of fatigue, exercise intolerance and dyspnea. Clinical signs, in association with radiographic and ultrasonographic findings, suggested a heart-base tumor. The worsening of the case led the owner to choose for euthanasia. Necropsy revealed a mass at the heart base adhered to the aortic body, and microscopic evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of chemodectoma.Los quimiodectomas son neoplasias originadas de las células quimiorreceptoras del organismo, encontradas principalmente en el arco aórtico y cuerpo carotídeo. La etiologia del quimiodectoma está relacionada a factores genéticos y a hipoxia crónica. Las razas mas predispuestas son las braquicefálicas, principalmente boxer y boston terrier. Se relata el caso de un canino, boxer, hembra, 10 años de edad, derivado al Hospital Veterinário de la FMVZ, Unesp-Botucatu, con historia clínica de cansancio fácil, intolerancia al ejercicio y disnea durante los últimos dos días. Los signos clínicos, asociados a las técnicas de imagen, sugieren un tumor de base del corazón. Con la evolución desfavorable del caso el propietario optó por la eutanasia del animal. El examen macroscópico reveló una masa en base del corazón, adherido al arco aórtico y el examen histopatológico confirmó el diagnóstico de quimiodectoma.Os quimiodectomas são neoplasias originadas das células quimiorreceptoras do organismo, encontradas principalmente no corpo aórtico e no corpo carotídeo. A etiologia do quimiodectoma está relacionada a fatores genéticos e à hipóxia crônica. As raças mais predispostas são as braquicefálicas, principalmente boxer e boston terrier. Relata-se o caso de um canino, boxer, fêmea, dez anos de idade, encaminhado ao Hospital Veterinário da FMVZ, Unesp-Botucatu, com histórico de cansaço fácil, intolerância ao exercício e dispneia havia dois dias. Os sinais clínicos, associados às técnicas de imagem, sugeriam se tratar de um tumor de base de coração. Com a evolução desfavorável do caso, o proprietário optou pela eutanásia do animal. O exame macroscópico revelou uma massa em base de coração, aderida ao arco aórtico e o exame histopatológico confirmou o diagnóstico de quimiodectoma