Photosynthesis in Chromera velia Represents a Simple System with High Efficiency

Chromera velia (Alveolata) is a close relative to apicomplexan parasites with a functional photosynthetic plastid. Even though C. velia has a primitive complement of pigments (lacks chlorophyll c) and uses an ancient type II form of RuBISCO, we found that its photosynthesis is very efficient with the ability to acclimate to a wide range of irradiances. C. velia maintain similar maximal photosynthetic rates when grown under continual light-limited (low light) or light-saturated (high light) conditions. This flexible acclimation to continuous light is provided by an increase of the chlorophyll content and photosystem II connectivity under light limited conditions and by an increase in the content of protective carotenoids together with stimulation of effective non-photochemical quenching under high light. C. velia is able to significantly increase photosynthetic rates when grown under a light-dark cycle with sinusoidal changes in light intensity. Photosynthetic activities were nonlinearly related to light intensity, with maximum performance measured at mid-morning. C. velia efficiently acclimates to changing irradiance by stimulation of photorespiration and non-photochemical quenching, thus avoiding any measurable photoinhibition. We suggest that the very high CO(2) assimilation rates under sinusoidal light regime are allowed by activation of the oxygen consuming process (possibly chlororespiration) that maintains high efficiency of RuBISCO (type II). Despite the overall simplicity of the C. velia photosynthetic system, it operates with great efficiency

Technologie výroby ochucených ciderů

The thesis describes the technology of cider making and also making flavoured ciders and ice ciders made by cryoconcentration. Three kinds types of cider were made: classical cider – by fermenting apple juice, cider inspired by Quebeck’s ice cider „cidere de glance“ - by using method of cryoconcentration and cider cryoconcentrated after fermentation „applejack.“ First year was used an apple juice from Idared variety, second year was used Golden Delicious variety. Analytical evaluation contained measurement of antioxidants, alcohol, residual sugar, titrable acidity a pH value

Technologie výroby cideru

Bachelor´s thesis concerns with technological methods of cider production, which differs not just between each producing country, but also between each individual producer. Bachelor´s thesis is divided in few parts. At first, Czech legislation of cider is being described. Next chapters are dedicated to history of cider in countries with long-time producing tradition and mainly to whole technological procedure logical lined up step by step, from selection of apples to final cider bottling. The goal of last chapter is to give insight into Czech cider market and introducing main Czech producers

Architecture of organizational structure in selected company

The theoretical part is intent on organization, organizational structure and types of organizational structure. The practical part contains analysis of organization structure of the pharmaceutical wholesale trade. According to the realized analyse, propose improvements

Impacts of diversification activities in rural areas

The thesis focuses on the use of the Rural Development Programme, in detail Axis III. The aim of the thesis is analysis of the specific conditions for diversification in southern Bohemia. The work contains the basic characteristics of the South Bohemian Region and the SWOT analysis. In the practical part there is an analysis of applications for subsidies from the Rural Development Programme between 2007 - 2010, including the indicators of impact

Analýza derivatizovaných tenzidů na bázi N-acyl amino kyselin pomocí HPLC a HPLC/MS

A method for the analysis of weak anionic surfactants based on N-acyl amino acids was developed. The surfactants were derivatized using 2,4′-dibromoacetophenone yielding 4′-bromophenacyl esters suitable for spectrophotometric detection. Surfactants containing glycine, threonine and glutamic acid were analyzed after derivatization using reversed-phase liquid chromatography with UV/Vis and MS detection. The gradient profile was optimized using isocratic retention data of N-acyl-linked fatty acid homologues. The relative content of the homologues of N-acyl-linked fatty acids was expressed using the determined method. The intraday repeatability and stability of the prepared derivatives was tested. The relative content of fatty acids in the surfactants was correlated with the most common sources of fatty acids, showing high Pearson’s correlation coefficients with the typical fatty acids profile of a coconut oil.Byla vyvinuta metoda pro analýzu slabých aniontových tenzidů na bázi N-acylaminokyselin. Tenzidy byly derivatizovány pomocí 2,4'-dibromacetofenonu za vzniku korespondujících 4'-bromfenacylesterů vhodných pro spektrofotometrickou detekci. Pomocí kapalinové chromatografie s UV a MS detekcí byly po derivatizaci analyzovány tenzidy obsahující glycin, threonin a glutamovou kyselinu. Profil gradientu byl optimalizován pomocí isokratických retenčních dat homologů mastných kyselin a s použitím vyvinuté metody byl charakterizován relativní obsah homologů mastných kyselin. Byla testována opakovatelnost a stabilita přípravy derivátů. Relativní obsah mastných kyselin byl porovnán s nejběžnějšími zdroji mastných kyselin prokazující nejvyšší hodnotu Pearsonova korelačního koeficientu s typickým profilem kokosového oleje

Changes in <i>C. velia</i> light and dark reactions during a sinusoidal light∶dark cycle.

<p>Changes in O₂ evolution and ETR_PSII (panel A), alpha (photosynthetic efficiency, panel B), C fixation rates (panel C) and the photosynthetic quotient (PQ, panel D) are shown. Error bars are calculated as standard deviations of n≥2 replicated. Average values (plus error bars) measured for LL (▪) and HL (□) grown <i>C. velia</i> are included for comparison. The dashed line shows the light intensity during the light part of the cycle, with a midday peak of 500 µmol photons m⁻² s⁻¹.</p

Summary of physiological responses measured by oxygen evolution and ¹⁴C fixation in <i>C. velia</i> grown under three different photon treatments.

<p>Summary of physiological responses measured by oxygen evolution and ¹⁴C fixation in <i>C. velia</i> grown under three different photon treatments.</p

Summary of physiological responses measured using fluorescence techniques in <i>C. velia</i> grown under three different photon treatments.

<p>(Note: <i>p</i> in this table refers to the connectivity factor).</p

Summary of cellular responses in <i>C. velia</i> grown under three different photon treatments.

<p>Summary of cellular responses in <i>C. velia</i> grown under three different photon treatments.</p