Effects of sulfur dioxide on wine made with sulfitic maceration

Sulfitic maceration is part of a technique used in large companies to store must through the superdosing of sulfur dioxide added after the destemming of the grapes. The objective of this study was to analyze the physico-chemical characteristics of the wines elaborated by sulfitic maceration. The study was conducted at the Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Campus Dom Pedrito, RS, Brazil. Three vinifications (identified by treatments 1, 2 and 3) were performed with 3 replicates each. The grapes used were the cultivar Alicante Bouschet. Treatment 1 underwent the same procedures as treatment 2, except for the dosage of 1400 mg.L−1 of added sulfur dioxide. The grapes were destemmed, crushed and macerated for 2 days and before fermentation started, the must was heated to remove SO2. In the treatment 3 a traditional maceration was carried out for 5 days. The physicochemical characteristics of the wines were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and the results were analyzed by statistical analysis of comparison of averages. The color intensity of treatment 2 showed no significant difference in relation to the treatment 3, demonstrating that with 2 days of sulphitic maceration, occurs a color extraction similar to a traditional 5-day maceration

Effects of sulfur dioxide on wine made with sulfitic maceration

Sulfitic maceration is part of a technique used in large companies to store must through the superdosing of sulfur dioxide added after the destemming of the grapes. The objective of this study was to analyze the physico-chemical characteristics of the wines elaborated by sulfitic maceration. The study was conducted at the Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Campus Dom Pedrito, RS, Brazil. Three vinifications (identified by treatments 1, 2 and 3) were performed with 3 replicates each. The grapes used were the cultivar Alicante Bouschet. Treatment 1 underwent the same procedures as treatment 2, except for the dosage of 1400 mg.L−1 of added sulfur dioxide. The grapes were destemmed, crushed and macerated for 2 days and before fermentation started, the must was heated to remove SO2. In the treatment 3 a traditional maceration was carried out for 5 days. The physicochemical characteristics of the wines were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and the results were analyzed by statistical analysis of comparison of averages. The color intensity of treatment 2 showed no significant difference in relation to the treatment 3, demonstrating that with 2 days of sulphitic maceration, occurs a color extraction similar to a traditional 5-day maceration

Desempenho, comportamento ingestivo e características de carcaça de cordeiros confinados submetidos a diferentes frequências de alimentação Performance, ingestive behavior and carcass characteristics of feedlot lambs submitted to different feeding frequencies

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito da frequência de alimentação sobre o desempenho, o comportamento ingestivo e as características de carcaça de cordeiros em confinamento. Foram utilizados 18 cordeiros mestiços Santa Inês, não-castrados, com peso corporal inicial de 22,79 ± 4,28 kg. Os animais foram confinados durante 56 dias em baias coletivas em aprisco coberto, com piso ripado, distribuídos ao acaso de acordo com a frequência de alimentação: uma, duas e três vezes/dia. A dieta (16,7% de PB e 70,3% de NDT) foi a mesma para todos os grupos. O ganho de peso diário, o consumo de ração, a conversão alimentar, o comportamento ingestivo e as características de carcaça não foram afetados pela frequência de alimentação. Com exceção da largura da perna, as demais medidas biométricas realizadas nas carcaças não foram influenciadas pela frequência de alimentação. Entre os componentes do peso vivo não pertencentes à carcaça, apenas o rendimento dos intestinos cheios e o conteúdo do trato digestório foram afetados, pois foram menores nos animais com uma alimentação diária. O aumento na frequência de alimentação quando fornecidas dietas com 16,7% de PB e 70,3% de NDT não influencia o desempenho, o comportamento ingestivo e as características de carcaça de cordeiros em confinamento, assim, pode-se utilizar apenas uma alimentação ao dia.<br>This work evaluated the effect of feeding frequencies on performance, ingestive behavior and carcass characteristics of fedlot lambs. Eighteen non-castrated Santa Inês crossbreed lambs, with initial live weight of 22.79 ± 4.28 kg were used in the experiment. The animals were confined for 56 days in collective pens in a slotted floor sheep barn. The animals were randomly distributed, according to the feeding frequency: once, twice and three times/day. The diet (16.7% of CP and 70.3% TDN) was the same for all groups. The average daily gain, ration consumption, feed conversion, ingestive behavior and carcass characteristics were not affected by feeding frequency. Except for leg width, the other body measurements performed on the carcass were not influenced by feeding frequency. Among non-carcass live weight components, only yield of full intestine and digestive tract content were affected, because they were smaller for animals that received one feeding daily. The increase on feeding frequencies when diets containing 16.7% CP and 70.3% TDN were offered does not affect performance, the ingestive behavior and characteristics of carcass of confined lambs. Therefore, only one feeding per day can be used

The Study Of Cardiovascular Risk In Adolescents - Erica: Rationale, Design And Sample Characteristics Of A National Survey Examining Cardiovascular Risk Factor Profile In Brazilian Adolescents

Background: The Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents (Portuguese acronym, "ERICA") is a multicenter, school-based country-wide cross-sectional study funded by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, which aims at estimating the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, including those included in the definition of the metabolic syndrome, in a random sample of adolescents aged 12 to 17 years in Brazilian cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants. Approximately 85,000 students were assessed in public and private schools. Brazil is a continental country with a heterogeneous population of 190 million living in its five main geographic regions (North, Northeast, Midwest, South and Southeast). ERICA is a pioneering study that will assess the prevalence rates of cardiovascular risk factors in Brazilian adolescents using a sample with national and regional representativeness. This paper describes the rationale, design and procedures of ERICA. Methods/Design: Participants answered a self-administered questionnaire using an electronic device, in order to obtain information on demographic and lifestyle characteristics, including physical activity, smoking, alcohol intake, sleeping hours, common mental disorders and reproductive and oral health. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24-hour dietary recall. Anthropometric measures (weight, height and waist circumference) and blood pressure were also be measured. Blood was collected from a subsample of approximately 44,000 adolescents for measurements of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, glycated hemoglobin and fasting insulin. Discussion: The study findings will be instrumental to the development of public policies aiming at the prevention of obesity, atherosclerotic diseases and diabetes in an adolescent population.151Schmidt, M.I., Duncan, B.B., Silva, G.A., Menezes, A.M., Monteiro, C.A., Barreto, S.M., Chronic non-communicable diseases in brazil: Burden and current challenges (2011) Lancet, 377 (9781), pp. 1949-1961Juonala, M., Viikari, J.S., Kahonen, M., Taittonen, L., Laitinen, T., Hutri-Kahonen, N., Life-time risk factors and progression of carotid atherosclerosis in young adults: The cardiovascular risk in young finns study (2010) Eur Heart J., 31 (14), pp. 1745-1751WHO, Obesity - Preventing and managing the global epidemic (2004) Geneva: Report of a WHO Consultation on Obesity, , World Health OrganizationJuonala, M., Magnussen, C.G., Berenson, G.S., Venn, A., Burns, T.L., Sabin, M.A., Childhood adiposity, adult adiposity, and cardiovascular risk factors (2011) N Engl J Med., 365 (20), pp. 1876-1885Williams, D.E., Cadwell, B.L., Cheng, Y.J., Cowie, C.C., Gregg, E.W., Geiss, L.S., Prevalence of impaired fasting glucose and its relationship with cardiovascular disease risk factors in us adolescents, 1999-2000 (2005) Pediatrics, 116 (5), pp. 1122-1126IBGE, (2010) Antropometria E Estado Nutricional de Crianças, Adolescentes E Adultos No Brasil2008-2009, p. 130. , Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF). Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e EstatísticaFreedman, D.S., Khan, L.K., Dietz, W.H., Srinivasan, S.R., Berenson, G.S., Relationship of childhood obesity to coronary heart disease risk factors in adulthood: The bogalusa heart study (2001) Pediatrics, 108 (3), pp. 712-718Franks, P.W., Hanson, R.L., Knowler, W.C., Sievers, M.L., Bennett, P.H., Looker, H.C., Childhood obesity, other cardiovascular risk factors, and premature death (2010) N Engl J Med., 362 (6), pp. 485-493Juonala, M., Viikari, J.S., Raitakari, O.T., Main findings from the prospective cardiovascular risk in young finns study (2013) Curr Opin Lipidol, 24 (1), pp. 57-64Vasconcellos, M.T.L., Silva, P.L.N., Szklo, M., Bloch, K.V., Kuschnir, M.C.C., Klein, C.H., Desenho da amostra do estudo de riscos cardiovasculares em adolescentes (ERICA) (2015) Cadernos de Saúde Pública, , In pressCenso Escolar - Inep, , http://portal.inep.gov.br/basica-censoCastro, I.R., Cardoso, L.O., Engstrom, E.M., Levy, R.B., Monteiro, C.A., Surveillance of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among adolescents: The experience in rio de janeiro, Brazil (2008) Cad Saude Publica, 24 (10), pp. 2279-2288Farias, J.C., Jr., Lopes, A.S., Mota, J., Santos, M.P., Ribeiro, J.C., Hallal, P.C., Validade e reprodutibilidade de um questionário para medida de atividade física em adolescentes: Uma adaptação do self-administered physical activity checklist (2012) Rev Bras Epidemiol., 15 (1), pp. 198-210Biddle, S., Sallis, J.F., Cavill, N.A., Young and active? 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Safety and efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce ileus after colorectal surgery

Background: Ileus is common after elective colorectal surgery, and is associated with increased adverse events and prolonged hospital stay. The aim was to assess the role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for reducing ileus after surgery. Methods: A prospective multicentre cohort study was delivered by an international, student- and trainee-led collaborative group. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The primary outcome was time to gastrointestinal recovery, measured using a composite measure of bowel function and tolerance to oral intake. The impact of NSAIDs was explored using Cox regression analyses, including the results of a centre-specific survey of compliance to enhanced recovery principles. Secondary safety outcomes included anastomotic leak rate and acute kidney injury. Results: A total of 4164 patients were included, with a median age of 68 (i.q.r. 57\u201375) years (54\ub79 per cent men). Some 1153 (27\ub77 per cent) received NSAIDs on postoperative days 1\u20133, of whom 1061 (92\ub70 per cent) received non-selective cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors. After adjustment for baseline differences, the mean time to gastrointestinal recovery did not differ significantly between patients who received NSAIDs and those who did not (4\ub76 versus 4\ub78 days; hazard ratio 1\ub704, 95 per cent c.i. 0\ub796 to 1\ub712; P = 0\ub7360). There were no significant differences in anastomotic leak rate (5\ub74 versus 4\ub76 per cent; P = 0\ub7349) or acute kidney injury (14\ub73 versus 13\ub78 per cent; P = 0\ub7666) between the groups. Significantly fewer patients receiving NSAIDs required strong opioid analgesia (35\ub73 versus 56\ub77 per cent; P &lt; 0\ub7001). Conclusion: NSAIDs did not reduce the time for gastrointestinal recovery after colorectal surgery, but they were safe and associated with reduced postoperative opioid requirement