5 research outputs found

    Efecto de la oxidaci贸n t茅rmica en nanoestructuras de TiO2 sobre la nanodureza y resistencia a la corrosi贸n

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    This article aimed to analyze the effect of the thermal oxidation in the corrosion resistance and the hardness properties of TiO2 nanostructures obtained by the anodizing process in the HF/H3PO4 solution. TiO2 nanostructures on Ti6Al4V obtained by anodizing processes were subjected to thermal oxidation (TO) treatments over a temperature range from 500 潞C to 620 潞C for 2 hours. Surface morphology was evaluated by using scanning electron microscopy; the hardness properties of TiO2 nanostructures were obtained by Nanoindentation measurements using a Berkovich probe with a tip radius of 150 mm. The corrosion behavior of the samples was studied using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that TiO2 nanostructures, modified by thermal oxidation, increased the surface properties of hardness and corrosion resistance, compared to the substrate, maintaining its mixed or tubular structure. On the other hand, a transformation of nanotubes to nanopores after 600潞C was evidenced, generating significant changes in the mechanical properties of these structures.El objetivo de este art铆culo es analizar el efecto de oxidaci贸n t茅rmica en la resistencia a la corrosi贸n y las propiedades de dureza de nanoestructuras de TiO2 obtenidas por procesos de anodizado en soluci贸n de HF/ H3PO4. Las nanoestructuras de TiO2 sobre Ti6Al4V por procesos de anodizado fueron sometidas a tratamiento de oxidaci贸n t茅rmica (OT)en un rango de 500 潞C a 620 潞C por dos (2) horas. La morfolog铆a superficial fue evaluada mediante microscopia electr贸nica de barrido; las propiedades de dureza de nanoestructuras de TiO2 fueron obtenidas por medidas de nanoindentaci贸n usando una probeta Berkovich de radio 150 mm. El comportamiento a la corrosi贸n de las muestras fue estudiado usando polarizaci贸n potenciodin谩mica y espectroscopia de impedancia electroqu铆mica (EIS). Los resultados mostraron que la nanoestructuras de TiO2, modificadas por oxidaci贸n t茅rmica, incrementaron las propiedades superficiales de dureza y resistencia a la corrosi贸n, comparadas a las del substrato, manteniendo su estructura mixta o tubular. Adem谩s, se evidenci贸 una transformaci贸n de nanotubos a nanoporos despu茅s de 600 潞C generando cambios significativos en las propiedades mec谩nicas de estas estructuras

    Global Trends in Normativity and Regulatory Issues on Nanotechnology

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    This article presents a comprehensive analysis of global trends in normativity and regulatory issues in nanotechnology through a bibliometric study. To conduct this analysis, keywords such as regulations, legislation, policy, nanotechnology, nanomaterials, nanoparticle, and risk were employed. The search generated a total of 1202 refined scientific papers and 4914 patents. Various aspects were evaluated, including articles with the highest number of citations, countries with the highest academic production, institutions with the most documents, influential authors, author correlations, and keyword analysis, among others. The Scopus and Journal citation report databases, the VosViewer software, and different computer tools such as OpenRefine and Excel were used to conduct the analysis. The results point the United States (33.5%) as the country with the highest production, followed by the United Kingdom (10.9%), India (10.3%), and Germany (6.7%). Additionally, the results revealed some cooperation between the United States, United Kingdom, and Germany by 2014 and between China and India by 2018 and 2019. Moreover, according to the keyword analysis, only 10% of the scientific production speaks directly about regulations and policies on the effects on human health, with minor impact on the environment

    Effect of time and type of electrolyte in the generation of oxide films on the aluminum alloy AA5083 - H116

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    The aim of the article is to evaluate the influence of the parameters of time and type of electrolyte on the thickness and hardness of the film generated by anodic oxidation on the aluminum alloy AA5083-H116. Electrolytes were evaluated, oxalic and phosphoric type with times of 30 and 45 min of anodizing. The morphology of the films was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The hardness of the surfaces was evaluated by means of Vickers tests. To validate the results, a factorial design was applied 22 . The results showed that the oxalic type electrolyte has the highest values of thickness and hardness.El objetivo del siguiente art铆culo es evaluar la influencia de los par谩metros de tiempo y tipo de electrolito en el espesor y dureza de la pel铆cula generada por oxidaci贸n an贸dica, sobre la aleaci贸n de aluminio AA5083-H116. Fueron evaluados electrolitos, tipo ox谩lico y fosf贸rico con tiempos de 30 y 45 min de anodizado. La morfolog铆a de las pel铆culas fue observada mediante microscop铆a electr贸nica de barrido (MEB). La dureza de las superficies se evalu贸 mediante ensayos Vickers. Para validar los resultados fue aplicado un dise帽o factorial 22 . Los resultados mostraron que el electrolito tipo ox谩lico presenta los mayores valores de espesor y dureza

    Remoci贸n del colorante azul marino directo sobre borra de caf茅 modificada

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    The presence of dyes in water bodies inhibits the penetration of light, affecting the flora and fauna of these ecosystems, which is why, greater efforts are made to eliminate them before being poured. This study allowed the removal of the direct navy-blue dye (DNB), using activated carbon prepared from coffee beans and H3PO4. The experimental methodology began with the preparation of three types of activated carbon by varying the concentration of H3PO4 (20, 40 and 60% m/v). Texture properties were evaluated by adsorption-desorption isotherms with N2 to 77 K, the identification and quantification of organic functional groups, mainly acids, with FTIR and the Boehm method, respectively. Batch adsorption experiments were performed by varying the initial dye concentration (5, 10, 50, 75, 100 and 200 mg/dm3) to 25 掳C and, the adsorption kinetics was determined. Both coffee beans and activated carbons have an acidic nature with surface area development between 519 and 771 m2/g. With respect to the batch study, a monolayer and multilayer growth was observed on a heterogeneous surface. Activated carbon prepared with 20% of H3PO4 recorded the highest removal capacity with a value of 25.8 mg/g. The kinetic model of pseudo second order was the one that best fit to the experimental data (R2 > 0.98). It can be concluded that the coffee bean treated with H3PO4 is an efficient adsorbent to remove DNB from aqueous solutions.La presencia de colorantes en los cuerpos de agua inhibe la penetraci贸n de la luz, afectando la flora y la fauna de estos ecosistemas, raz贸n por la cual se hacen cada vez esfuerzos mayores para eliminarlos antes de ser vertidos. Este estudio permiti贸 remover el colorante azul marino directo (AMD), empleando carb贸n activado preparado a partir de la borra de caf茅 y H3PO4. La metodolog铆a experimental inici贸 con la preparaci贸n de tres tipos de carb贸n activado, variando la concentraci贸n de H3PO4 (20, 40 y 60% m/v). Las propiedades de textura se evaluaron mediante isotermas de adsorci贸n-desorci贸n con N2 a 77 K; la identificaci贸n y cuantificaci贸n de grupos funcionales org谩nicos, en especial 谩cidos, con FTIR, y el m茅todo de Boehm, respectivamente. Se realizaron experimentos de adsorci贸n por lote, variando la concentraci贸n inicial del colorante (5, 10, 50, 75, 100 y 200 mg/dm3) a 25 掳C y se determin贸 la cin茅tica de adsorci贸n. Tanto la borra de caf茅 como los carbones activados tienen naturaleza 谩cida con desarrollo de 谩reas superficiales entre 519 y 771 m2/g. Con respecto al estudio por lote, se observ贸 un crecimiento en monocapa y multicapa sobre una superficie heterog茅nea. El carb贸n activado preparado con 20% de H3PO4 registr贸 la mayor capacidad de remoci贸n, con un valor de 25.8 mg/g. El modelo cin茅tico de pseudo segundo orden fue el que mejor se ajust贸 a los datos experimentales (R2 > 0.98). Se puede concluir que la borra de caf茅 tratada con H3PO4 es un adsorbente eficiente para eliminar AMD de soluciones acuosas

    Equilibrio, cin茅tica y termodin谩mica de la adsorci贸n del colorante DB-86 sobre carb贸n activado de la c谩scara de yuca

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    ABSTRACT Objective. To establish by means of experimenting by batch the capacity of removal, the kinetics and adsorption thermodynamics of activated carbon prepared from manioc husk (Manihot esculenta) in the removal of direct blue 86 dye. Materials and methods. Firstly, the experimental methodology worked on the preparation of activated carbon by chemical activation of manioc husk with H3PO4 calcined at 530掳C. In the characterization the texture properties were determined by means of the blue methylene and iodine indices, the basic and acidic functional groups were quantified by the Boehm method, and the proximate analyses were done following the norms ASTM D2867-70, ASTM D2866 and ASTM D2866-94. During the batch studies, the effect of several parameters over the adsorption capacity was evaluated: pH (2, 4, 8 and 10), temperature (25, 30 and 40掳C) and initial concentration of the dye (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/L). Both physicochemical and adsorption characteristics of the activated carbon from manioc husk (CAY) were compared against those of a commercial brand (CAM). Results. The results of characterization showed that both carbons have a chemistry heterogeneous surface, acidic for CAY and basic for CAM. The maximum capacity obtained was 6.1 mg/g for CAY and 3.7 mg/g for CAM. The thermodynamic calculations showed that the removal was spontaneous. The kinetics for both carbon samples fits a pseudo second-order model. Conclusions. The activated carbon obtained from the manioc husk can be considered an efficient adsorbent for the removal of dyes.RESUMEN Objetivo. Establecer mediante experimentos por lote la capacidad de remoci贸n, la cin茅tica y termodin谩mica de adsorci贸n del carb贸n activado preparado a partir de la c谩scara de yuca (Manihot esculenta) en la remoci贸n del colorante azul directo 86. Materiales y m茅todos. La metodolog铆a experimental consisti贸 inicialmente en la preparaci贸n del carb贸n activado por activaci贸n qu铆mica de la c谩scara de yuca con H3PO4 y su posterior calcinaci贸n a 530掳C. En la caracterizaci贸n se determinaron las propiedades de textura mediante el 铆ndice de yodo e 铆ndice de azul de metileno, se cuantificaron los grupos funcionales org谩nicos 谩cidos y b谩sicos con el m茅todo Boehm, y se realiz贸 el an谩lisis pr贸ximo siguiendo las normas ASTM D-2867-70, ASTM D2866 y ASTM D2866-94. En el estudio por lote, el efecto de varios par谩metros sobre la capacidad de adsorci贸n fueron evaluados: el pH (2, 4, 8 y 10), la temperatura (25, 30 y 40掳C) y la concentraci贸n inicial de colorante (20, 40, 60, 80 y 100 mg/L). Tanto las caracter铆sticas fisicoqu铆micas como los ensayos de adsorci贸n del carb贸n activado preparado a partir de la c谩scara de yuca (CAY) fueron comparadas con otro de marca comercial (CAM). Resultados. Los resultados de la caracterizaci贸n indican que ambos carbones tienen una qu铆mica de superf铆cie heterog茅nea, de naturaleza 谩cida para el CAY y b谩sica para el CAM. La m谩xima capacidad obtenida fue 6.1 mg/g para el CAY y de 3.7 mg/g para el CAM. Los c谩lculos termodin谩micos indican que la remoci贸n es espont谩nea y para ambos carbones la cin茅tica se ajusta al modelo de pseudo segundo orden. Conclusiones. El carb贸n activado obtenido a partir de la c谩scara de yuca puede considerarse un adsorbente eficiente en la remoci贸n de colorantes
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