Fonctions et apports du jeu dans les relations précoces parents-bébé/jeune enfant

Le jeu est une activité essentielle pour l’enfant et un moyen incontournable de l’intervention diagnostique et thérapeutique auprès du jeune enfant. Le jeu chez l’enfant contribute activement à son développement cognitif, psychomoteur, social et affectif, ainsi qu’à la découverte de soi et du monde extérieur. Dès le plus jeune âge, il est aussi au coeur des interactions sociales et c’est sous l’angle des relations précoces parents-bébé que nous explorons ses caractéristiques et fonctions dans cet article. Après avoir décrit brièvement les caractéristiques du jeu chez le tout petit, nous abordons l’expression symptomatologique par le jeu, ainsi que l’apport du jeu dans les psychothérapies conjointes parents-bébé/jeune enfant

Representações de Gestantes Adolescentes do sul do Brasil sobre o bebê

Este estudo investigou as representações sobre o bebê de 16 gestantes adolescentes (13 a18 anos) de Porto Alegre e região. Todas eram primíparas, estavam no segundo trimestre gestacional e responderam a uma entrevista semiestruturada. Análise de conteúdo qualitativa das entrevistas apontou diferentes representações, embora também certa dificuldade das jovens em relatá-las. Foi referida preferência pelo sexo do bebê, justificada por motivos diversos, como poder enfeitar (menina) ou maior facilidade para educar (menino). A escolha do nome do bebê também foi pautada por diversos motivos, como ser o nome de algum familiar, e se baseou em decisões individuais ou conjuntas com companheiro e/ou familiares. Quanto às características físicas, emergiram relatos sobre a cor do cabelo, olhos e pele do bebê, peso corporal e estatura, estando essas representações baseadas nas características das gestantes, de seus companheiros ou da família de ambos. Também as representações sobre características emocionais do bebê basearam-se em características dos membros do casal ou familiares. Constatou-se que as representações de gestantes adolescentes sobre o bebê não parecem diferir das representações de gestantes adultas. Esse aspecto deve ser considerado por profissionais da saúde no acompanhamento das adolescentes, diante da sua importante repercussão para a relação mãe-bebê

The Experience of Antenatal Care of South Brazilian’s Pregnant Adolescents

The antenatal care is an important strategy to ensure maternal and baby health. The aim of the present qualitative study was to describe the experience of South Brazilian pregnant adolescents with antenatal care. Fourteen primiparae adolescents were met, during their second trimester of pregnancy, in public health services of the Vale dos Sinos/RS (Brazil) area, where they attended to antenatal care. Participants were 13 to 18 years old. data were collected through an open‑ended, semi‑structured interview. Results showed that pregnant adolescents attended to antenatal care from the very beginning of their pregnancy, and in an assiduous way. Adolescents seemed to be involved in this activity, and relatives accompanied them to medical appointments and examinations. The relationship with health professionals and the quality of antenatal care they received was described as positive by participants. The present topic deserves further investigation, in particular the needs that expectant adolescents might present about pregnancy unfolding and delivery

Human papillomavirus knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors : a questionnaire adaptation

Objective: This study aims to adapt a questionnaire about the knowledge, beliefs and behaviors regarding HPV and related subjects into Brazilian Portuguese. Study Design: National Survey. Methods: The instrument was translated into Portuguese and retranslated into English separately. Experts assessed the validity of the content and cross-cultural adaptation of the instrument. The instrument was administered to 8580 male and female Brazilian adolescents and young adults (aged between 16 and 25 years) who participated in the National Survey of Human Papillomavirus Prevalence (POP-Brazil). This large-scale survey enrolled participants from 26 Brazilian capitals and the Federal District. Results: The full questionnaire is composed of 30 questions, with a good absolute agreement between its two halves (61.16 9.97). The preventive behavior section showed the lowest agreement. Men and women showed a difference concerning their knowledge about HPV (score for men 0.48 ( 8.93) vs. women 0.55 ( 4.51), p < 0.001). Conclusion: The proposed questionnaire is the first instrument able to describe the knowledge, beliefs and behaviors regarding HPV and related subjects in Brazilian women and men. This questionnaire appears to be adequate for use in future studies that may produce evidence and knowledge on these specific topics

Vulnerabilidade, saúde mental e clínica-escola: uma resposta de atenção à população

O objetivo do estudo é descrever as características da população encaminhada à clínicaescola, no momento da triagem, contemplando as possíveis condições de vulnerabilidade. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória na qual foram analisadas 120 fichas de triagem, correspondentes aos atendimentos realizados no Serviço de Psicologia no ano de 2012. Foi possível identificar que o gênero masculino foi o mais frequente entre os usuários atendidos, e em relação à idade metade dos usuários tinham até dez anos de idade, sendo que, desses 50% apresentaram queixas escolares. O principal encaminhamento realizado foi a psicoterapia individual em 89,2% dos casos. A psicoterapia individual constituiu-se em uma das possibilidades de intervenção que se oferece como proteção à saúde mental diante do contexto vulnerável que se apresenta

Profiles of Parental Burnout Around the Globe: Similarities and Differences Across 36 Countries

Parental burnout (PB) is a pervasive phenomenon. Parenting is embedded in cultural values, and previous research has shown the role of individualism in PB. In this paper, we reanalyze previously collected data to identify profiles based on the four dimensions of PB, and explore whether these profiles vary across countries’ levels of collectivistic-individualistic (COL-IND) values. Our sample comprised 16,885 individuals from 36 countries (73% women; 27% men), and we used a latent profile approach to uncover PB profiles. The findings showed five profiles: Fulfilled, Not in PB, Low risk of PB, High risk of PB and Burned out. The profiles pointed to climbing levels of PB in the total sample and in each of the three country groups (High COL/Low IND, Medium COL-IND, Low COL/High IND). Exploratory analyses revealed that distinct dimensions of PB had the most prominent roles in the climbing pattern, depending on the countries’ levels of COL/IND. In particular, we found contrast to be a hallmark dimension and an indicator of severe burnout for individualistic countries. Contrary to our predictions, emotional distance and saturation did not allow a clear differentiation across collectivistic countries. Our findings support several research avenues regarding PB measurement and intervention

A Abordagem clínica das interações pais-bebê: perspectivas teóricas e metodológicas

A influência das interações pais-bebê no desenvolvimento social e afetivo infantil tem sido objeto de estudo de numerosos trabalhos nas últimas três décadas. Neste artigo, examina-se, de um ponto de vista teórico e metodológico, a evolução dos estudos na área das interações pais-bebês, particularmente no campo da clínica. Aponta-se também para os temas de pesquisa que têm se revelado promissores no estudo das interações pais-bebê.<br>The influence of parent-infant interaction on social and affective child development has been the object of a significant number of studies in the past three decades. This paper focuses on the evolution of the studies in the parent-infant interaction's domain. This evolution is examined from a theoretical and methodological point of view, particularly in the clinical field. Some research themes that seem to be promising in this domain are also highlighted

L’AGRESSIVITÉ EXCESSIVE CHEZ LE JEUNE ENFANT : ÉTUDE DES TROUBLES CLINIQUES ET DES ATTITUDES PARENTALES

L’agressivité physique excessive chez les jeunes enfants est un problème important en santé mentale, entraînant des dysfonctionnements en famille et en collectivité, voire l’exclusion sociale précoce. Les objectifs de cette étude sont de : a) spécifier les troubles cliniques chez 60 jeunes enfants, âgés de moins de 5 ans, orientés pour de l’agressivité excessive ainsi que leur profil développemental; b) cerner les caractéristiques des attitudes parentales et les articuler avec les profils développementaux des enfants. Les résultats sont discutés en termes des stratégies thérapeutiques adaptées qui peuvent être proposées pour aider ces enfants et leurs parents.Excessive aggression in young children is of major concern in the field of child mental health. They often disturb family and social life, and may even lead to early social exclusion. The aim of this paper is to specify the clinical troubles and the developmental profile of 60 preschool children under 5 years referred for excessive aggression. The second aim is to define parenting characteristics and to articulate them with the children's developmental profile. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for the therapeutic interventions that may be designed to help these young children and their family

Etude comparative du vécu psychique de femmes vivant une grossesse gémellaire ou unique

Quelle incidence de porter deux enfants sur l’expérience psychique des femmes ? Dans cette étude qualitative et comparative, nous avons rencontré dix femmes enceintes: trois de jumeaux de même sexe, trois de jumeaux de sexe différent et quatre d’un enfant unique. Elles ont répondu à un entretien semi-directif, à une échelle de représentations sémantique-différentielle et réalisé deux dessins. Les résultats montrent l’intérêt de favoriser les échanges entre les femmes enceintes de jumeaux, afin de faciliter leurs identifications et de les rassurer sur leurs compétences maternelles. Ils soulignent aussi la nécessité de proposer un espace pour que les femmes enceintes de jumeaux de même sexe, notamment, puissent verbaliser leurs peurs et leurs fantasmes concernant leurs enfants et la relation gémellaire qu’ils pourraient entretenir

Experiências e Percepções de Mães Adolescentes sobre o Atendimento de Saúde para o Bebê

This study intended to describe adolescent mothers’ experiences regarding the baby’s health care, in second monthof life, and to be acquainted with their perceptions of that service. This is a qualitative and exploratory study, carriedout with 10 primipara adolescent mothers living at Vale dos Sinos/RS, Brazil. They were contacted in basic healthunits and answered a semi structured interview. Good attendance to doctor’s appointments scheduled for the baby,proximity of health care institutions as a facilitating factor to accessibility, the need for support beyond primaryhealth care and little participation of babies’ fathers in the appointments were observed. In addition, attention andself-confidence received and reinforced by health professionals, the need for a greater range of time availability forscheduling appointments and reduction of waiting time was noted in the statements of adolescent mothers. Theimportance of health institutions continual seeking of excellence in humanization of maternal-child care ishighlighted