Desenvolvimento de material encapsulante a partir da farinha seca e desengordurada de semente de goiaba / Development of encapsulating material from dry and degreased flour of guiaba seed

O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores mundiais de goiaba, sendo que, a comercialização é praticamente nacional. Durante o beneficiamento da goiaba, em torno de 40% do resíduo é constituído de semente sendo seu descarte um causador de grandes problemas ambientais e econômico para as agroindústrias. O presente estudo tem como objetivo desenvolver material encapsulante a partir da farinha seca e desengordurada extraída da semente da goiaba. Os resultados revelaram que a FSDSG pode ser obtida partir de um resíduo agroindustrial barato e abundante com rendimento de (34,42 ± 0,14)% (m/m). Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que o material possui características físicas e químicas promissoras para sua utilização como material encapsulante, porém faz-se necessário desenvolver técnicas mais apropriadas para potencializar a capacidade de manter a estabilidade do encapsulado

AGRUPAMENTO DE CAFÉS CONILON ESPECIAIS POR CONDUTIVIDADE ELÉTRICA

Métodos apropriados para a avaliação da qualidade sensorial do café conilon foram desenvolvidos recentemente e exigem provadores experientes e especializados. A análise da condutividade elétrica de exsudados dos grãos de café é um método auxiliar para determinação da qualidade do café, baseado no fato de a condutividade elétrica ser maior em grãos de café de menor qualidade por estes possuírem membranas menos íntegras, que lixiviam maior conteúdo de íons e solutos. Neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a capacidade de se discriminar cafés conilon especiais de cafés comerciais através da análise da condutividade elétrica dos grãos. Foram avaliadas 10 amostras de café conilon, cinco de cafés especiais e cinco de cafés comerciais. A análise de condutividade elétrica foi um método eficiente para discriminar os cafés especiais dos cafés comerciais, agrupando-os em dois grupos distintos pelo método UPGMA. Os valores de condutividade são maiores em cafés de menor qualidade, com grãos menores e maior percentagem de defeitos

Use of Fixed Oil From Soursop Agroindustrial Waste to Produce Eco-Friendly Soap

Annona muricata L. (soursop) is a tropical fruit from Central America that can also be found in Brazil, Africa and Asia. When the fruits are processed, seeds are inevitably mixed in with the pulp fiber, and need to be separated as a byproduct, traditionally considered waste. Although this byproduct has significant quantities of fatty acids, fibrous matter and other compounds with functional properties, it is mostly discarded in landfills or dumps, without compliance with environmental regulations. So, this study describes the use of soursop seeds to make eco-friendly soap. In this context, the potential of the fixed oil extracted from the seeds was evaluated, to understand how it can be useful in pharmaceutical formulations. The oil was extracted by extrusion and the soap was made with 85% synthetic base, 1.5% soursop oil, 12% glycerin, 0.1% BHT, 0.12% methylparaben, 0.1% propylparaben and sufficient quantities of essences and coloring. Other parameters were investigated, such as increasing the oil concentration and decreasing the synthetic base, using respectively 3% and 6% oil concentration. The prototypes already have shown favorable preliminary physical, chemical and mechanical properties. Soap samples were placed in a water bath until the synthetic base melted at 60 °C. After that, the temperature was decreased to 40 °C and the base was mixed with the other ingredients smoothly. The soap’s pH varied from 9.2 to 9.8, meaning it has good cleaning quality. The foam height was measured by shaking 1 g of the soap in 10 ml of water in a beaker for 1 minute, with the results being measured after the soap-water solution was left at rest for 15 minutes. The foam volume varied from 17 ml to 28 ml on average. The acidity index was measured using NaOH. First the soap was placed in a water bath until it melted, after which an alcohol-ether solution was added. The acidity index ranged from 1.3 KOH/g to 4.95 KOH/g. The melting point was measured also, and varied from 84 °C to 89 °C. The data were submitted to the F-test (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc test (p<0.05), showing that the averages did not vary significantly from each other. Our preliminary studies have shown that the synthetic base can be substituted by the soursop oil without affecting the functionalities. Therefore, systematic investigation needs to be carried out to discover new functionalities, given that soursop oil has many attractive features to produce sustainable products. Besides this, our results help the scientific community by providing new knowledge about the ecological appeal that is so necessary nowadays, to encourage the development of technologies that are friendly to the environment. Consumers’ demand for eco-friendly products is growing, requiring efforts for replacement of synthetic bases and glycerin with the seed oil for making soap, mainly because the oil has cleaning and hydrating functionalities

Essential oil of Psidium guajava: influence of genotypes and environment

The large amount of biomass resulting of successive prunings in guava crop, can add value to the culture by the extraction of their essential oil, which possess compounds of commercial value. For the first time, the stability of the essential oil from Psidium guajava L. was studied in field experiments considering the effects of 22 guava genotypes and two environments. The essential oils from leaves of adult plants, cultivated in experimental design, were characterized via FID-GC–MS analysis and sixteen volatile substances were identified as major compounds. The environments exerted influence in the essential oil profiles from guava, being more expressive in some genotypes (C7, C13 and C17) and more stable in others (C1, C5, C16 and PET). In addition, the oil composition varied among genotypes. The genotypes C10, C13 and SEC showed high levels of (E)-trans-Caryophyllene; C3 and C6 of alpha-Humulene; and C2, C8, C12, C15 and C16 of beta-Bisabolol. These compounds had little influence of environmental and as have biological activity proven, which makes it feasible to use these genotypes in breeding programs, in selection and crossing approaches