THERMAL STABILITY STUDY OF GREASE FORMULATED FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTE OIL

This is aimed to investigate the effect of additives on thermal stability of grease formulated with waste transformer oil (WTO). One of the key factors of grease functionality is thermal stability. Grease is unsuitable for high-temperature use if the matrix is unable to withstand high temperature. Addition of additive is able to improve the grease thermal stability. In this work, three types of additives (molybdenum disulphide, fumed silica, and polytetrafluoroethylene) were tested as thermal stability additive. The grease was characterized using ASTM International standards and SKF’s Grease Test Kit. Based on grease characterization, the addition of additive was found slightly affecting the grease properties. Fumed silica was observed able to improve the grease thermal stability by 3.6%

Study on Co-Gasification of Oil Palm Fronds and Wood

Over the decade, gasification experiment on different biomass materials has been carried out to investigate the biomass potential as one of the alternative sources of fuel. Although gasification has been proven to be successful in bringing out the potential of different biomass fuels, it commonly involves conversion of only one type of biomass materials for a single run. This paper discusses the co-gasification experiment of different composition of oil palm fronds (OPF) and wood using a downdraft gasifier. The conducted study focuses on the temperature profile within the reactor and also the characteristic of the dynamic temperature profile in each zone within the gasifier reactor. The temperature profile in the drying, pyrolysis, oxidation and reduction zone of the reactor was experimentally investigated. Effect of bridging on the temperature profile is also observed. The temperature profiles obtained are compared with literature result. In addition, syngas production was monitored by observing the flare produced during the operation. However, further experiment need to be done to investigate the composition of syngas produced during the co-gasification experiment

Authentication of IoT in Smart City applications

The advancement of technology brings an extensive use of Internet of things (IoT) devices in our daily life. IoT primary used for data collection and provide real-time management information in the network paradigms such as Edge Computing and Fog Computing. However, assuring the reliability of data delivered via Edge Computing is a challenging task. Blockchain has been a technology that has gained traction in recent years. Using Blockchain with IoT allows Smart Cities (SC) applications to spread security information, which protects against Distributed Denial of Service (DDOS) attacks. IoT devices in a SC can have a lengthy life, increasing the possibility of security flaws caused by obsolete firmware. This paper will highlight the significance of the implementation considering the SC and demonstrate a testbed made up of Blockchain Ethereum and actual IoT devices. The effects of transmission time, memory, and CPU use on the sending also processing of these messages were demonstrated. The proposed Application Programming Interface (API) sign, identify, and validate the messages before collecting them for an IoT data management application

Sodium grease formulation from waste engine oil

The present study was conducted to formulate sodium soap grease using waste engine oil (WEO). Greases were formulated by homogenizing sodium soap thickener in WEO for 2 hours at 150°C Different grease composition of oil-to-thickener ratio was designed which are 90/10, 80/20, 70/30 and 60/40. The formulated greases were analysed by conducting the consistency, oil bleeding, oil separation and FTIR characterization tests. The present study found that grease can be formulated using WEO and the thickener percentage have significant effect on formulated greases properties. Grease formulated with 70 – 80% of base oil and 20 – 30% of thickener was the best grease formulated as it shows desirable grease properties

Anemia among antenatal mother in urban Malaysia

An understanding of factors influencing haemoglobin (Hb) level among antenatal mothers can help healthcare providers assess, take appropriate action and manage anaemia in this risk group more effectively. A cross-sectional study was conducted in urban areas in Malaysia to determine the Hb levels of antenatal mothers and their association with various socio-economic characteristics. Data for this study were collected from pregnant women during their first antenatal check-up at three selected polyclinics in Malaysia. Anaemia in pregnancy was determined by the Hb level recorded during the first and the last antenatal visits. Determination of Hb was either by a photo calorimetric method or by the Sahliís method. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to identify the factors influencing Hb level among the antenatal mothers. This study found that 73 out of 217 mothers (33%) were anaemic in that their Hb levels were below 11.00 g/dl. The findings also suggested that Hb levels among the antenatal mothers were influenced by various factors such as education level, occupation, and family income. Anaemia was generally more common among antenatal mothers who had a lower level of education and who were from a background of lower family income