245 research outputs found

    The treatment of surface run-off waters from an equine paddock area with ferric sulphate

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    The Finnish horse industry has been growing with about 1000 horses annually. It has been assessed that there are about 35 000 paddocks for 70 000 horses. The trampling of horses increases the risk for surface run-off from the paddocks and the faeces also make them critical source fo phosphorus. A chemical method for treatment of run-off water from a paddock was tested in YpÀjÀ (SW, Finland)

    Hevonen kaipaa virikkeitÀ ulkoilualueellaan

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    Hevoset ovat laiduntavia laumaelÀimiÀ. Niiden kÀyttÀytymistÀ ohjaavat lauman jÀsenten vÀlillÀ vaikuttavat voimakkaat tunnesiteet ja hierarkkinen arvojÀrjestelmÀ. Alempiarvoisella hevosella tulee olla aina riittÀvÀsti tilaa vÀistÀÀ ylempiarvoista. Virikkeelliset, isot alueet, missÀ on vaihtelevaa maastoa ja kasvillisuutta, houkuttelevat hevosia liikkumaan. Liikkuminen on yksi ulkoilun tarkoitus. KylmÀllÀ ja tuulisella sÀÀllÀ sekÀ paahtavalla helteellÀ hevosen on pÀÀstÀvÀ sÀÀnsuojaan.vo

    Development of semi-natural horse pastures in YpÀjÀ

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    The purpose of the study is to assess the importance of natural pastures as a growing environment for horses and, at the same time, to evaluate the landscape value of such pastures. Another aim is to look at possible ways of conserving areas which have been in use as horse pastures for a long period of time as traditional biotopes belonging to the Finnish horse grazing culture, and to examine how their management and care could be improved

    Hevostarhojen maassa runsaasti fosforia

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    Hevosten ulkoilualueilla fosforikuormitusta aiheuttavat pÀÀasiassa ulosteet ja ruokintajÀtteet. Myös tiivistynyt maa ja maanpeitekasvien puuttuminen lisÀÀvÀt pintavalumaa ja eroosiota. Ulosteet ja rehuntÀhteet olisi kerÀttÀvÀ pois ja alueen pintamateriaalia uusittava ajoittain, ettei pintamaahan kertynyt fosfori lisÀÀ valumavesien mukana kulkeutuvaa fosforikuormaa.vo

    Phosphorus load from equine critical source areas and its reduction using ferric sulphate

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    The increasing number of horses, especially in urban areas has made the phosphorus (P) load of exercise areas (paddocks) more and more obvious but there has been a lack of information regarding how to assess this load and what can be done to lower it. In the surface soil (1-2 cm) of areas that are affected by horse manure, like paddocks, we measured very high extractable P contents. When testing soils from these areas using a rainfall simulator we found a close correlation between the extractable soil P in the surface soil and the dissolved reactive P in runoff water. In a runoff treatment test trial we used ferric sulphate to treat paddock runoff water. The chemical dosage was carried out using a tube doser placed in a well. After ferric sulphate treatment the runoff was discharged into a sedimentation pond and then filtered in a sandbed. The chemical treatment was performed during one year and the reduction of the dissolved P and total P in the runoff was 95 % and 81 %, respectively. Our Agri-Environmental Programme has not been successful in reducing the total P status in our agriculturally loaded lakes. We suggest that the cost-effective chemical treatment of waters from the high P equine areas should be included in the programme. Also in other countries in the Baltic Sea catchment area reductions of P contents in waters from equine areas should be carried out

    Saostus puhdistaa hevosten juoksutarhojen valumavedet

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    Hevosten juoksutarhojen valumavesissÀ on usein runsaasti fosforia. Sen sijaan typpeÀ on saman verran kuin normaalisti peltoalueiden valumavesissÀ. MTT:ssÀ on selvitetty fosforin saostamista juoksutarhojen ja tallialueiden vesistÀ ferrisulfaatin avulla. Tulosten mukaan fosforipitoisuus aleni saostuksen ja selkeytyksen avulla. Fosforia oli enÀÀ saman verran kuin metsistÀ valuvissa vesissÀ keskimÀÀrin.vo

    Molecular adsorption in graphene with divacancy defects

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    We have investigated theoretically the adsorption of molecules onto graphene with divacancy defects. Using ab-initio density functional calculations, we have found that O2, CO, N2, B2 and H2O molecules all interact strongly with a divacancy in a graphene layer. Along with a complex geometry of the molecule-graphene bonding, metallic behavior of the graphene layer in presence of CO and N2 molecules have been found with a large density of states in the vicinity of the Fermi level suggesting an increase in the conductivity. The adsorption of N2 is particularly interesting since the N atoms dissociate in the vicinity of the defects, and take the place where the missing C atoms of the divacancy used to sit. In this way, the defected graphene structure is healed geometrically, and at the same time doped with electron states.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

    Evaluating a corporate strategy

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    The Swedish agricultural sector is currently undergoing a substantial structural change. The number of farm enterprises is continuously decreasing and the average farm size is increasing. In combination with increasing number of competitors in the insurance market, the competitive rivalry within this market has increased significantly. With this knowledge in mind, LĂ€nsförsĂ€kringar Uppsala initiated this study, which aims to provide an understanding of customer’s view on customer value, related to agricultural insurance and financing. The intention is to investigate if LĂ€nsförsĂ€kringar’s view on customer service corresponds with the customer’s view and whether there are any signs of strategic drift. The empirical data was collected in form of a case study. This was achieved by studying LĂ€nsförsĂ€kringar’s strategic framework as well as performing three interviews within the company. Further, the customer’s view on customer value was collected in ten interviews carried out with current and former customers. The empirical data was then put in relation to theories and literature on strategy, resource-based theory on competitive advantage, and customer orientation. The results indicate that there are no immediate signs of strategic drift. The results also show that LĂ€nsförsĂ€kringars strategy is well suited for the company’s characteristics and resources. However, even though the strategy corresponds well to the customer’s view on customer value, the empirical data indicate that the implementation of some parts of the strategy still needs attention. If more attention is not focused on these factors, there is an increasing risk of strategic drift in the future. The most important factors to focus on are; ‱ Personal relation to the customers: One of the most important values for the customers is to have a personal relation to the company. To achieve this, it is of great importance that the customers are aware of who their contact person is. ‱ Enhance synergies: It is of great importance to enhance the synergies between bank and insurance operations and to convince the customers that this is a service that is superior to the competitors’. The key factor to achieve this is to increase efficiency and collaboration in-house. ‱ The local attachment: It is very important to communicate the benefits of LĂ€nsförsĂ€kringars local attachment. It is also important to enhance these benefits. This can be achieved by mobilise the local representatives, and make them more active in the market. ‱ High quality: LĂ€nsförsĂ€kringar has chosen a differentiation strategy, that focus on high quality over low cost. In order to maintain credibility, it is of great importance to never fail in the delivery of this quality. Such a failure can in log run undermine the company’s reputation.Jordbrukssektorn i Sverige genomgĂ„r för nĂ€rvarande en betydande omstrukturering. Antalet lantbruksföretag minskar kontinuerligt samtidigt som den genomsnittliga gĂ„rdsstorleken ökar. Denna omstrukturering har, i kombination med att antalet konkurrenter pĂ„ marknaden för lantbruksförsĂ€kringar ökar, lett till en kraftigt ökad konkurrens pĂ„ denna marknad. Det Ă€r med detta i Ă„tanke som LĂ€nsförsĂ€kringar Uppsala tog initiativet till denna studie. Syftet med studien Ă€r att skapa en förstĂ„else för kundernas syn pĂ„ kundvĂ€rde nĂ€r det gĂ€ller lantbruksförsĂ€kring och finansiering av lantbruksföretag. Avsikten Ă€r att undersöka om LĂ€nsförsĂ€kringars syn pĂ„ kundservice överensstĂ€mmer med kundernas syn samt om det finns nĂ„gra tecken pĂ„ strategisk drift. Det empiriska materialet samlades in genom en fallstudie. Detta genomfördes genom att studera LĂ€nsförsĂ€kringars strategiska dokument, dessutom genomfördes tre intervjuer med anstĂ€llda. För att erhĂ„lla kundernas syn pĂ„ kundvĂ€rde genomfördes vidare tio intervjuer med nuvarande kunder samt kunder som har lĂ€mnat LĂ€nsförsĂ€kringar. Det empiriska materialet sattes dĂ€refter i relation till teorier och litteratur inom omrĂ„det strategi, resursbaserad teori pĂ„ konkurrnsfördelar samt kundorientering. Resultatet tyder inte pĂ„ nĂ„gra uppenbara tecken pĂ„ strategisk drift. Vidare visar resultatet att LĂ€nsförsĂ€kringars strategi Ă€r vĂ€l lĂ€mpad för företagets egenskaper och resurser. Även om strategin stĂ€mmer vĂ€l överrens med kundernas syn pĂ„ kundvĂ€rde, indikerar det empiriska resultatet dock att implementeringen av vissa delar av strategin krĂ€ver fortsatt fokus. Om LĂ€nsförsĂ€kringar inte fokuserar pĂ„ dessa delar ökar risken för strategisk drift i framtiden. De viktigaste faktorerna för LĂ€nsförsĂ€kringar att fokusera pĂ„ Ă€r; ‱ Personlig relation till kunderna: Ett av de viktigaste vĂ€rdena för kunden Ă€r den personliga relationen till företaget. För att uppnĂ„ detta Ă€r det viktigt att kunderna Ă€r medvetna om vem deras kotaktperson Ă€r. ‱ FörbĂ€ttrad synergi: Det Ă€r av stor vikt att arbeta för förbĂ€ttrad synergi mellan bank och försĂ€kring och dĂ€rmed övertyga kunderna om att denna service Ă€r överlĂ€gsen konkurrenternas. Nyckelfaktorn för att uppnĂ„ detta Ă€r att öka effektiviteten och sammarbetet internt. ‱ Lokal prĂ€gel: Det Ă€r mycket viktigt att kommunicera fördelarna med LĂ€nsförsĂ€kringars lokala prĂ€gel. Det Ă€r ocksĂ„ viktigt att förstĂ€rka dessa fördelar. Detta kan uppnĂ„s genom att mobilisera de lokala ombuden, samt göra dessa mer aktiva pĂ„ marknaden. ‱ Hög kvalitet: LĂ€nsförsĂ€kringar har valt en differentieringsstrategi och fokuserar pĂ„ hög kvalitet framför ett lĂ„gt pris. För att bibehĂ„lla trovĂ€rdigheten Ă€r det av stor vikt att aldrig misslyckas att leverera denna kvalitet. Om företaget misslyckas med detta kan det, pĂ„ lĂ€ngre sikt, underminera företagets rykte

    Hevostallit ja naapurit voivat elÀÀ sulassa sovussa

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    Hevosliikenne, karanneet hevoset ja hevosen lanta koettiin suurimmiksi hevosista aiheutuviksi haitoiksi hevostallien naapurustossa. Muita haittoja olivat maa-alueiden luvaton kÀyttö, tallitoiminnasta aiheutuva melu, teiden kuluminen, esteettiset haitat ja vahinkoelÀimet.vo

    Energy Dispersive X-Ray Microanalysis, Neutron Activation Analysis and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry - Comparison Using Biological Specimens

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    X-ray microanalysis, neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectrometry were performed on normal and injured skeletal muscle. X-ray microanalysis of tenotomized rat soleus muscle showed significantly elevated levels of sodium and chlorine and lower potassium compared with normal muscle. Similar ion shifts could be demonstrated by neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectrometry. The concentrations of sodium and chlorine obtained by these techniques were somewhat higher and that of potassium lower than the values obtained by X-ray microanalysis. This can probably be attributed to the fact that in atomic absorption spectrometry and in neutron activation analysis the entire muscle biopsy contents are measured while in X-ray microanalysis only the contents of muscle cells unaffected by extracellular, non-muscular components are determined. It can be concluded that X-ray microanalysis is a reliable technique to study the elemental content of biological tissue, especially tissue undergoing pathological changes affecting the extracellular spaces. Other types of analysis should be used when elements not detectable by X-ray microanalysis are of interest
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