Levitating Dzhanibekov effect on Earth - classroom demonstrations

The Dzhanibekov effect is one of the most surprising effects of classical mechanics. It is best visible in the microgravity environment (e.g., at the International Space Station) where one can see for example a T-shaped body making surprising jumps by 180 degrees. It turns out that the rotation of a body with respect to a principal axis with an intermediate moment of inertia is not stable whereas the rotations with respect to the axes with the largest and smallest moments of inertia are stable. This effect is rarely discussed when teaching physics at universities. One reason is that the theoretical analysis is rather complex and more importantly, it is rather difficult to nicely demonstrate this effect on Earth. We propose classroom demonstrations of this effect using air levitation. We will show that one can levitate (1) a T-shaped metal body in a transparent sphere and (2) a styrofoam ball with properly chosen masses. In both cases, we can directly observe the Dzhanibekov effect. In the case of the styrofoam ball, students can easily change the distribution of masses and activate and deactivate the effect. In our opinion, a discussion of this effect should naturally appear when teaching rigid body dynamics

On a risk of inhalation exposure during visits in Chernobyl exclusion zone

In recent years Chernobyl exclusion zone has become a very popular tourist destination. Many people visiting power plant, Pripyat city or surrounding villages use different types of personal dosimeters to control external exposure, however very small group of tourist have opportunity to control internal contamination of respiratory tract using dedicated, high sensitive whole body counters. In this study 11 anti-dust masks collected from CEZ visitors and filters from one military MP-5 mask were analyzed using alpha, beta and gamma spectrometry to determine doses from actinides and fission products which can be inhaled without proper protective equipment. Results showed, that average effective dose from inhalation of contaminated aerosol in case of single-day trip (avoided due to use of mask) was 1.3 μSv per person, which is much smaller than potential effective dose after exploration of highly contaminated areas like Jupiter complex, where combined dose from all measured nuclides collected on MP-5 mask filter was 1.4 mSv

Measurement of 131I activity in thyroid of nuclear medical staff and internal dose assessment in a Polish nuclear medical hospital

This paper presents results of 131I thyroid activity measurements in 30 members of the nuclear medicine personnel of the Department of Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine Holy Cross Cancer Centre in Kielce, Poland. A whole-body spectrometer equipped with two semiconductor gamma radiation detectors served as the basic research instrument. In ten out of 30 examined staff members, the determined 131I activity was found to be above the detection limit (DL = 5 Bq of 131I in the thyroid). The measured activities ranged from (5 ± 2) Bq to (217 ± 56) Bq. The highest activities in thyroids were detected for technical and cleaning personnel, whereas the lowest values were recorded for medical doctors. Having measured the activities, an attempt has been made to estimate the corresponding annual effective doses, which were found to range from 0.02 to 0.8 mSv. The highest annual equivalent doses have been found for thyroid, ranging from 0.4 to 15.4 mSv, detected for a cleaner and a technician, respectively. The maximum estimated effective dose corresponds to 32% of the annual background dose in Poland, and to circa 4% of the annual limit for the effective dose due to occupational exposure of 20 mSv per year, which is in compliance with the value recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection

Lead shielding efficiency from the gamma background measurements in the salt cavern of the Polkowice–Sieroszowice copper mine

The studies of lead shielding efficiency from the gamma background measurements were performed in the salt cavern of the copper mine - a site considered for an underground laboratory. Within the energy range of 50–2700 keV, the measured gamma-ray count rates normalized to the mass of the high-purity detectors germanium crystal are 5.93 and 6.32 s−1kg−1 for the used low-background and portable spectrometers, respectively. The gamma-ray flux of 0.124 (2) cm−2s−1 connected with the natural radioisotopes was observed by the portable HPGe, including 0.026 (1) cm−2s−1 contribution of radon decay products, whereas the photon flux at the spectrum continuum was 0.18 (5) cm−2s−1

Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy in Poland: Results of the Polish S-ICD Registry

Background: The use of a subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (S-ICD) has been expanding in Poland since 2014. The Polish Registry of S-ICD Implantations was held by the Heart Rhythm Section of the Polish Cardiac Society between May 2020 and September 2022 to monitor the implementation of that therapy in Poland. Aims: To investigate and present the state-of-the-art of S-ICD implantation in Poland. Methods: Implanting centers reported clinical data of patients undergoing S-ICD implantations and replacements, including: age, gender, height, weight, underlying disease, history of pacemaker and defibrillator implantations, indications for S-ICD, electrocardiographical parameters, procedural techniques, and complications. Results: 440 patients undergoing S-ICD implantation (411) or replacement (29) were reported by 16 centers. Most patients were in New York Heart Association class II (218 patients, 53%) or I (150 patients, 36.5%). Left ventricular ejection fraction was 10-80%, median (IQR) 33% (25%‒55%). Primary prevention indications were present in 273 patients (66.4%). Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy was reported in 194 patients (47.2%). The main reason for the choice of S-ICD were: young age (309, 75.2%), risk of infective complications (46, 11.2%), prior infective endocarditis (36, 8.8%), hemodialysis (23, 5.6%), and immunosuppressive therapy (7, 1.7%). Electrocardiographic screening was performed in 90% of patients. The rate of adverse events was low (1.7%). No surgical complications were observed. Conclusions: Qualification for S-ICD in Poland was slightly different when compared to the rest of Europe. The implantation technique was mostly consistent with the current guidelines. S-ICD implantation was safe, and the complication rate was low

Conditions of cassation in legal-administrative proceedings

Niniejsza praca magisterska skupia się na poddaniu analizie poszczególnych przesłanek dopuszczalności skargi kasacyjnej. Pierwszy rozdział stanowi wprowadzenie do tematu, omawiając pokrótce rolę skargi kasacyjnej w polskiej procedurze sądowoadministracyjnej. Kolejne rozdziały skupiają się natomiast na poszczególnych przesłankach jej dopuszczalności. Poczynając od przedmiotu i zakresu skargi kasacyjnej, poprzez problematykę legitymacji do jej wniesienia, podstaw na których możliwe jest jej oparcie oraz przymusu adwokacko-radcowskiego. Ostatnie rozdziały obejmują warunki formalne, jakie należy spełnić przy jej wnoszeniu, tj. wymagania skargi kasacyjnej jako pisma procesowego, termin do jej wniesienia oraz wymagania fiskalne.The presented work concentrates on the conditions of cassation in legal-administrative proceedings. First chepter is about role of casation in the Polish legal-administrative proceeding. Next chepters concentrate however on the individual conditions of her admissibility. Beginning from object and the range of the legal-administrative casation, through the problems of the membership authorized to bringing in, the bases to her support and the compulsion adwokacko - radcowskiego. Last chepters are about the formal conditions: the formal of the casation requirements, deadline to bringing to the court and fiscal requirements