Provenance and logging for sense making

Sense making is one of the biggest challenges in data analysis faced by both the industry and the research community. It involves understanding the data and uncovering its model, generating a hypothesis, selecting analysis methods, creating novel solutions, designing evaluation, and also critical thinking and learning wherever needed. The research and development for such sense making tasks lags far behind the fast-changing user needs, such as those that emerged recently as the result of so-called “Big Data”. As a result, sense making is often performed manually and the limited human cognition capability becomes the bottleneck of sense making in data analysis and decision making. One of the recent advances in sense making research is the capture, visualization, and analysis of provenance information. Provenance is the history and context of sense making, including the data/analysis used and the users’ critical thinking process. It has been shown that provenance can effectively support many sense making tasks. For instance, provenance can provide an overview of what has been examined and reveal gaps like unexplored information or solution possibilities. Besides, provenance can support collaborative sense making and communication by sharing the rich context of the sense making process. Besides data analysis and decision making, provenance has been studied in many other fields, sometimes under different names, for different types of sense making. For example, the Human-Computer Interaction community relies on the analysis of logging to understand user behaviors and intentions; the WWW and database community has been working on data lineage to understand uncertainty and trustworthiness; and finally, reproducible science heavily relies on provenance to improve the reliability and efficiency of scientific research. This Dagstuhl Seminar brought together researchers from the diverse fields that relate to provenance and sense making to foster cross-community collaboration. Shared challenges were identified and progress has been made towards developing novel solutions

Provenance analysis for sensemaking. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 39 (6) . pp. 27-29. ISSN 0272-1716

The articles in this special section examine the concept of "sensemaking", which refers to how we structure the unknown so as to be able to act in it. In the context of data analysis it involves understanding the data, generating hypotheses, selecting analysis methods, creating novel solutions, and critical thinking and learning wherever needed. Due to its explorative and creative nature, sensemaking is arguably the most challenging part of any data analysis

5.4 Wykorzystanie technologii informacyjno–komunikacyjnych w edukacji geograficznej

Nowoczesna technologia zajmuje wyjątkowe miejsce wśród pomocy dydaktycznych zewzględu na możliwości zastosowania w całym systemie edukacyjnym, trafiające idealnie w oczekiwania ucznia. Dzięki wykorzystaniu programów czy aplikacji pełni rolę organizującą proces uczenia się poprzez dostarczanie treści, ćwiczeń i sprawowanie kontroli nad postępami uczącego się. Programy multimedialne mogą być wykorzystywane również w ramach indywidualnej pracy uczniów. W nauczaniu geografii aplikacje, programy, platformy pozwalają przenieść uczniów w odległe miejsce, pokazać ukształtowanie terenu, tworzyć profil terenu, analizować zdjęcia satelitarne, tworzyć diagramy i kartodiagramy, tworzyć gry dydaktyczne oraz sprawdzać wiedzę uczniów za pomocą m.in. quizów. Dostarczają także określonych porcji informacji w postaci tekstów, obrazów animowanych z możliwością stosowania w celu korygowania przebiegu procesu uczenia się

Analytic provenance for sensemaking: a research agenda

Sensemaking is a process of find meaning from information, and often involves activities such as information foraging and hypothesis generation. It can be valuable to maintain a history of the data and reasoning involved, commonly known as provenance information. Provenance information can be a resource for “reflection-in-action” during analysis, supporting collaboration between analysts, and help trace data quality and uncertainty through analysis process. Currently, there is limited work of utilizing analytic provenance, which captures the interactive data exploration and human reasoning process, to support sensemaking. In this article, we present and extend the research challenges discussed in a IEEE VIS 2014 workshop in order to provide an agenda for sensemaking analytic provenance

Bliżej świata i ludzi. Program nauczania geografii IV etap edukacyjny - zakres rozszerzony

Program nauczania geografii w szkołach ponadgimnazjalnych, tj. w ramach IV etapu nauczania, z uwzględnieniem wymagań reformy programowe

The biology of reproduction in Poa L. (Poaceae)

A genus Poa L. is one of the largest among the grass family (400 - 500 species). Poa is a cosmopolitan genus. Its species are components of natural grasslands across the world; several species are incorporated into improved pastures; other species are well-known turf grasses. Flowers are predominantly hermaphrodite but many departures from this type occur in the New World (dioecism, gynomonoecism, gynodioecism). Dioecious is primarily a South American breeding system. Gynomonoecism is a Central and South American trait largely represented in Andean Peru and Bolivia. The genus Poa has extremely versatile mode of reproduction which ranges naturally from nearly obligate apomixis to complete sexuality. Sexual reproduction through either outcrossing or selfing is also possible in this genus. Although the mode of apomictic reproduction is known to be under genetic control, detailed genetic analysis is extremely difficult, due to the association of facultative apomixis with a high chromosome number and aneuploidy. It is important to add that facultative apomixis confers great adaptedness and evolutive potential on biotypes belonging to the genus Poa. This genus is an evolutionary success because it is characterized by a great variety of for example: morphology, biology, distribution, embryology, cytology, history of development and genetics and at the same time it keeps the potential for further evolutionary varieties. In this paper some problems of floral biology and reproduction in Poa are discussed

Internal geitonogamy

Geitonogamy (the pollination between flowers on the same plant) has important implications for sex-allocation theory, the evolution of dioecy and other issues in evolutionary biology. Internal geitonogamy is a unique self-pollination system that occurs in the genus Callitriche L. In this system self-fertilization is effected by pollen tube growth through vegetative tissues from the staminate to pistillate flowers. Internal geitonogamy occurs in seven of ca 50 species of Callitriche (C. heterophylla Pursh, C. heteropoda Engelm., C. lechleri (Hegelm.) Fassett, C. nubigena Fassett, C. rimosa Fassett, C. trochlearis Fassett, C. verna L.). Internal geitonogamy is correlated with the amphibious growth habit and polyploidy. However, not all polyploid amphibious species of Callitriche have internal geitonogamy. Correlation between internal geitonogamy and geographic distribution is not apparent. There is a tendency for species that possess internal geitonogamy to occur at higher elevations than those that lack this system. Callitriche is the genus in which aerial, water surface, and submerged pollination systems are all reported. Geitonogamy, the primary mode of pollination in this genus, can be realized in two ways: 1). with contact between anther and stigma ("contacters"); 2). without contact between anther and stigma ("non-contacters")

Scalability considerations for multivariate graph visualization

Real-world, multivariate datasets are frequently too large to show in their entirety on a visual display. Still, there are many techniques we can employ to show useful partial views-sufficient to support incremental exploration of large graph datasets. In this chapter, we first explore the cognitive and architectural limitations which restrict the amount of visual bandwidth available to multivariate graph visualization approaches. These limitations afford several design approaches, which we systematically explore. Finally, we survey systems and studies that exhibit these design strategies to mitigate these perceptual and architectural limitations

Cell phenotype determines PAI-1 antiproliferative effect - suppressed proliferation of the lung cancer but not prostate cancer cells

Wstęp: Inhibitor aktywatora plazminogenu typu 1 (PAI-1) jest ważnym regulatorem procesu wzrostu guza i tworzenia przerzutów nowotworowych, działając poprzez bezpośrednie hamowanie urokinazy (mechanizm antyfibrynolityczny) oraz niezależnie od kinaz poprzez powinowactwo z witronektyną. Autorzy pracy w poprzednim badaniu wykazali, że PAI-1 modyfikuje aktywność angiogenną komórek śródbłonka w stopniu zależnym od jego stężenia, jak również fenotypu komórek. Celem niniejszej pracy była ocena wpływu PAI-1 na aktywność proliferacyjną linii komórek nowotworowych - raka płuca (A549) i raka gruczołu krokowego (DU145), a także komórek strukturalnych - śródbłonka naczyniowego (HUVEC). Wyniki: Zmutowana postać PAI-1 (1, 10, 100 &#956;g/ml) charakteryzująca się znacząco przedłużoną aktywnością antyfibrynolityczną (T1/2 ~ 7000 godz.) w stopniu wyraźnie zależnym od dawki (p < 0,001) i czasu (p < 0,001) znamiennie hamowała aktywność proliferacyjną komórek raka płuca A549. Natomiast istotny wpływ PAI-1 na aktywność proliferacyjną komórek raka gruczołu krokowego DU145 wykazano tylko dla najwyższego użytego stężenia (100 &#956;g/ml) i tylko po 72 godzinach zahodowli (p < 0,001). Aktywność proliferacyjna komórek śródbłonka (HUVEC) była hamowana jedynie przez dawkę 100 &#956;g/ml PAI-1 po 24, 48 i 72 godzinach hodowli. Wniosek: Inhibitor aktywatora plazminogenu typu 1 moduluje aktywność proliferacyjną komórek w mechanizmie hamowania urokinazy w stopniu ściśle zależnym od fenotypu komórek, czasu działania i dawki. Pneumonol. Alergol. Pol. 2010; 78, 4: 279-283Introduction: Plasminogen inhibitor activator type 1 (PAI-1) is an important regulator of tumor growth and metastasis formation acting directly via specific urokinase complexing or indirectly due to its affinity to vitronectin. We have shown previously that PAI-1 modifies angiogenic activity of endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner but also in close relationship to the cell phenotype. Present study aimed on evaluating the PAI-1 effect on the proliferative activity of lung cancer cells (A549), prostate cancer cells (DU145) as well as endothelial cells (HUVEC). Results: Mutated PAI-1 (1, 10, 100 &#956;g/mL) characterized by the prolonged antifibrinolytic activity (T1/2 ~ 7000 h) inhibited proliferation of lung cancer A549 cells in a dose-dependent (p < 0.001) and time-dependent (p < 0.001) manner. No significant effect on the DU145 prostate cancer cells has been observed except of the 72 h cultures with highest PAI-1 concentration (100 &#956;g/ml) (p < 0.001). Proliferative activity of endothelial cells (HUVEC) was affected by 100 &#956;g/ml PAI-1 only, and independent of the culture period (24, 48 and 72 h, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Plasminogen inhibitor activator type 1 modulates cell proliferation via antifibrynolitic mechanizm time- and dose-dependently, however final outcome is strongly affected by the cell phenotype. Pneumonol. Alergol. Pol. 2010; 78, 4: 279-28