Epitaxial Metal Halide Perovskites by Inkjet‐Printing on Various Substrates

Metal‐halide‐perovskites revolutionized the field of thin‐film semiconductor technology, due to their favorable optoelectronic properties and facile solution processing. Further improvements of perovskite thin‐film devices require structural coherence on the atomic scale. Such perfection is achieved by epitaxial growth, a method that is based on the use of high‐end deposition chambers. Here epitaxial growth is enabled via a ≈1000 times cheaper device, a single nozzle inkjet printer. By printing, single‐crystal micro‐ and nanostructure arrays and crystalline coherent thin films are obtained on selected substrates. The hetero‐epitaxial structures of methylammonium PbBr3 grown on lattice matching substrates exhibit similar luminescence as bulk single crystals, but the crystals phase transitions are shifted to lower temperatures, indicating a structural stabilization due to interfacial lattice anchoring by the substrates. Thus, the inkjet‐printing of metal‐halide perovskites provides improved material characteristics in a highly economical way, as a future cheap competitor to the high‐end semiconductor growth technologies.DFG, 404984854, Bleifreie Perovksite für die RöntgendetektionDFG, 399073171, GRK 2495: Energiekonvertierungssysteme: von Materialien zu Bauteile

Implementation of safe infant sleep recommendations during night-time sleep in the first year of life in a German birth cohort

The aim of our study was to assess the extent to which families followed recommendations, issued by the German society for sleep medicine, for the prevention of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) during night-time sleep. Analyzing longitudinal data from a birth cohort located at the University Children’s Hospital Regensburg in Bavaria (Germany), we determined data regarding the infant's sleep location, sleep settings and body position, and exposure to environmental factors. Data were collected in a structured interview after birth and by standardized questionnaires at 4 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year of life, respectively. The majority of 1,400 surveyed infants (94% at 4 weeks) were reported to sleep in the parents’ sleeping room during the first months of life. While the most common furniture was a bedside sleeper (used by 48%), we also observed a considerable proportion of families who regularly practiced bed-sharing and, for 16% of infants, the parents’ bed was the default sleeping place. 12% of infants were still put regularly in the prone position. The vast majority (87%) of the infants were breastfed at some timepoint and 17% lived in a household with one or more smokers. Although most parents implemented many SIDS recommendations, our analysis illustrates a considerable gap between recommendations and intentions after birth on the one hand and actual implementation in real life on the other. The number-one deviation from the current SIDS guidelines during night-time sleep was bed-sharing with an adult

Wie das Formlose Formen schafft (rhythmus und die Organisation des Lebendigen, 1760 bis 1830)

La thèse affirme que le rythme constitue une catégorie scientifique et culturelle nouvelle au tournant des années 1800, catégorie jusqu'à présent peu traitée dans l'historiographie. Elle soutient que, vers 1800, le monde vivant, et en particulier la notion de développement, ont été reconceptualisés en termes de modèles rythmiques, de mouvement rythmique et de représentation rythmique. Ce travail montre que la pensée d'une Nature rythmiquement organisée se basait sur l'épistémè du rythme, épistémè qui, simultanément, servait de fondement à de nouveaux concepts esthétiques, par exemple en poétologie et en musicologie, et s'exprimait dans les théories dites des sciences naturelles. Vers 1800, l'épistémè du rythme décrivit la règle d'après laquelle les arts comme la Nature engendrent la nouveauté, la loi d'après laquelle ils sont ordonnés et sur les bases de laquelle ils organisent leur constante refonte.The central thesis of this dissertation is about the notion of rythm in the period around 1800. It is claimed that in this period rythm has been a central category for the reorganisation of knowledge about the living world. In particular, it is argued that the new understanding of ontogenetic development, generally identified with the rise of the epigentic theory of development, was in fact based on the new epistemology of rhythm. In addition, the dissertation describes the rise of rhythmic modes of reasoning not only the biological sciences, but also in other fields of knowledge like music theory, poetology and aesthetic theory. It is argued that in the epoch 1760 to 1830 the world of the living, and particularly the idea of development, were reconceptualised in terms of rhythmic models, rhythmic movements and rhythmic representation.PARIS3-BU (751052102) / SudocSudocFranceGermanyFRD

Enhanced early prediction of clinically relevant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia with machine learning

BACKGROUND: Machine learning models may enhance the early detection of clinically relevant hyperbilirubinemia based on patient information available in every hospital. METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal study on preterm and term born neonates with serial measurements of total serum bilirubin in the first two weeks of life. An ensemble, that combines a logistic regression with a random forest classifier, was trained to discriminate between the two classes phototherapy treatment vs. no treatment. RESULTS: Of 362 neonates included in this study, 98 had a phototherapy treatment, which our model was able to predict up to 48 h in advance with an area under the ROC-curve of 95.20%. From a set of 44 variables, including potential laboratory and clinical confounders, a subset of just four (bilirubin, weight, gestational age, hours since birth) suffices for a strong predictive performance. The resulting early phototherapy prediction tool (EPPT) is provided as an open web application. CONCLUSION: Early detection of clinically relevant hyperbilirubinemia can be enhanced by the application of machine learning. Existing guidelines can be further improved to optimize timing of bilirubin measurements to avoid toxic hyperbilirubinemia in high-risk patients while minimizing unneeded measurements in neonates who are at low risk

Making noise in urban Taiwan

During Taiwan’s transition from authoritarian rule to liberal governance in the 1970s–80s, the government introduced a noise‐control system that uses technological instruments to manage citizens’ everyday noise problems. Rather than reducing noise problems, however, the system has amplified the disparity between a sound that is heard and one that is measured, calling into question the efficacy of noise control to attend to citizens’ needs. For residents and state actors in Taipei, the contradiction underlying noise control forms a lived condition of urban life, one that has initiated sono‐sociality, or social relations that emerge through efforts to communicate and interact with sound. [sound, noise, acoustemology, environment, governance, urban, Taipei, Taiwan]摘要1970‐80年代, 當台灣從戒嚴轉型到自由治理時, 政府為了管理民眾的日常噪音問題採用了科技儀器, 應運而生的是噪音管制制度。但是, 噪音管制制度非但沒有減少噪音問題, 反而擴大了聽覺和量測聲音的差異, 令人質疑噪音管制的功效是否滿足人民需求。對台北市民與官方來說, 噪音管制的矛盾存在於都市生活中的一部分; 聲音社會性, 或說社會關係, 則自這些聲音的交流或感應產生。[聲音、噪音、音聲意義學、環境、治理、都市、台北、台灣]Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/167835/1/amet13003.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/167835/2/amet13003_am.pd