The development of grammatical structures in the Breton of nursery school children

La gran mayoría de niños que acuden a las escuelas de enseñanza media bretonas sólo hablan francés. Un análisis descriptivo de los datos indica que los niños han llegado a hablar el bretón de forma competente a los cuatro años. Aunque hay algún indicio de transferencias del francés al bretón en la etapa inicial de adquisición del bretón los niños adquieren toda la gama de estructuras gramaticales del bretón incluidas las no compartidas con el francés.Bretainian bretoiera hizkuntzaz diharduten eskoletara doazen haur gehienak frantses elebakarrak dira. Datuen azterketa deskriptiboak, ordea, haurrak lau urte dutenerako bretoiera hiztun bihurtu direla erakusten digu. Bretoieraren jabekuntzaren hasierako aroan frantsesaren zenbait interferentzia baden arren, haurrek bretoieraren gramatika egiturak menderatzen dituzte, frantsesetik urruntzen direnak barne.La grande majorité des enfants qui vont dans les écoles bretonnes d'enseignement moyen ne parlent que français. Une analyse descriptive des données indique que les enfants sont arrivés à parler le breton de façon convenable après quatre ans. Bien qu'il existe un indice de transfert du français vers le breton au cours de l'étapeinitiale d'acquisition du breton, les enfants acquièrent toute la gamme de structures grammaticales du breton y compris celles qui ne sont pas partagées avec le français.The great majority of children attending the Breton medium schools in Brittany are monolingual French speakers. The descriptive analysis of the data indicates that the children have become competent speakers by the end of the four years in Breton nursey schools. Although there is some indication of transfer from French to Breton in the initial stage of Breton acquisition, the children acquire the range of Breton grammatical structures including those not shared with French

Puberty: a challange for parents and adolescentes

Die Zeit der Pubertät ist eine turbolente und herausfordernde Phase - für Jugendliche und Eltern. Jugendliche sind mit körperlichen Veränderungen konfrontiert, müssen ihre Geschlechtsrolle aufbauen und eine eigene Identität entwickeln. Beziehungen zu Eltern, Geschwistern und Gleichaltrigen müssen neu geordnet werden. Ziel der Studie ist es, darzustellen, wie Eltern und Jugendliche die Pubertät erleben, welche Probleme und Konflikte aus Sicht der Eltern bzw. aus Sicht des Jugendlichen wahrgenommen werden, wie mit auftretenden Problemen umgegangen wird

Activities in nursing homes: A descriptive study in Southern Austria

This study aimed at (1) assessing activities and services offered by nursing homes, (2) estimating the residents\u27 and the nurses\u27 contentedness about the residents’ activities, and (3) finding out the residents\u27 and nurses\u27 wishes for alterations in the home routine. Based on the information of 255 residents and 171 nurses in eleven Austrian nursing homes our results showed that there was a great discrepancy of the values between the residents\u27 and the nurses\u27 view of an active daily life in the institution. While residents expressed the wish for more activities in the nursing homes, nurses wanted a facilitation of their care work

Word Order in Breton.

The main objective of this thesis is to define the word order pattern of Breton. The most prominent characteristic of the language is that the first position in the sentence must be filled by a constituent X, where X = NP, PP, VP or V. It is generally accepted that this property is linked to what may be described as a topicalization process operating on a VSO type base structure. While it is accepted here that topicalization determines one type of surface structure, the present analysis makes a distinction between topicalized and neutral structures. In the former, the initial constituent is either NP, PP or VP, whereas in the latter, V is placed in front of an auxiliary. This analysis also rejects the view that the underlying word order of Breton is SVO. The proposal is rejected on the grounds that derivations resulting from the application of transformations on a base structure of a SVO type are not confirmed elsewhere The syntactic nature of the infinitive in neutral root clauses and in topicalized VPs is also discussed, and it is concluded that this non-finite verb form is a verbal constituent. The syntactic analysis of Breton outlined here maintains that VSO is the correct base order of constituents. Topics are generated in the base, but the structure of the neutral positive declarative root clause is derived by an obligatory transformation which shifts the main-verb around the auxiliary