43 research outputs found
MOVIN: Real-time Motion Capture using a Single LiDAR
Recent advancements in technology have brought forth new forms of interactive
applications, such as the social metaverse, where end users interact with each
other through their virtual avatars. In such applications, precise full-body
tracking is essential for an immersive experience and a sense of embodiment
with the virtual avatar. However, current motion capture systems are not easily
accessible to end users due to their high cost, the requirement for special
skills to operate them, or the discomfort associated with wearable devices. In
this paper, we present MOVIN, the data-driven generative method for real-time
motion capture with global tracking, using a single LiDAR sensor. Our
autoregressive conditional variational autoencoder (CVAE) model learns the
distribution of pose variations conditioned on the given 3D point cloud from
LiDAR.As a central factor for high-accuracy motion capture, we propose a novel
feature encoder to learn the correlation between the historical 3D point cloud
data and global, local pose features, resulting in effective learning of the
pose prior. Global pose features include root translation, rotation, and foot
contacts, while local features comprise joint positions and rotations.
Subsequently, a pose generator takes into account the sampled latent variable
along with the features from the previous frame to generate a plausible current
pose. Our framework accurately predicts the performer's 3D global information
and local joint details while effectively considering temporally coherent
movements across frames. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our architecture
through quantitative and qualitative evaluations, comparing it against
state-of-the-art methods. Additionally, we implement a real-time application to
showcase our method in real-world scenarios. MOVIN dataset is available at
\url{https://movin3d.github.io/movin_pg2023/}
Effect of ablated hippocampal neurogenesis on the formation and extinction of contextual fear memory
Newborn neurons in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus incorporate into the dentate gyrus and mature. Numerous studies have focused on hippocampal neurogenesis because of its importance in learning and memory. However, it is largely unknown whether hippocampal neurogenesis is involved in memory extinction per se. Here, we sought to examine the possibility that hippocampal neurogenesis may play a critical role in the formation and extinction of hippocampus-dependent contextual fear memory. By methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) or gamma-ray irradiation, hippocampal neurogenesis was impaired in adult mice. Under our experimental conditions, only a severe impairment of hippocampal neurogenesis inhibited the formation of contextual fear memory. However, the extinction of contextual fear memory was not affected. These results suggest that although adult newborn neurons contribute to contextual fear memory, they may not be involved in the extinction or erasure of hippocampus-dependent contextual fear memory
Prognostic indicators in primary biliary cirrhosis: significance of revised IAHG (International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group) score
Background/AimsPrimary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a slowly progressing autoimmune disease of the liver that is characterized by portal inflammation and immune-mediated destruction of the intrahepatic bile ducts. Serum total bilirubin is one of the various prognostic factors that have been proposed. A recent study found that PBC with accompanying autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) carries a negative prognosis. This study examined the clinical characteristics of PBC and analyzed the factors that affect its prognosis.MethodsPatients diagnosed with PBC between January 1998 and December 2010 based on clinical and histopathological findings were compiled and analyzed retrospectively.ResultsAmong 27 patients, 24 (1 male and 23 females, ages 50.0±9.3 years) were followed up. The follow-up period was 8.6±0.9 years. Of the 24 patients, 9 patients progressed to liver cirrhosis (LC). Comparison between patients who did and did not progress to LC revealed statistically significant differences in the patients' serum total bilirubin (2.7±1.8 vs. 0.8±0.4, P=0.012), the Mayo risk score (5.1±0.7 vs. 3.9±0.6, P=0.001), the revised IAHG (International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group) score (9.2±2.3 vs. 5.4±3.0, P=0.004) and frequency of AIH overlap (5/9 [55.6%] vs. 0/15 [0%], P=0.001) at the time of diagnosis.ConclusionsWe propose that serum total bilirubin, the Mayo risk score, and the revised IAHG score at the time of diagnosis are helpful for predicting PBC prognosis. In particular, since all of the patients with accompanying AIH progressed to LC, the presence of overlap syndrome at the time of diagnosis is helpful for predicting PBC prognosis and providing an adequate treatment
The HPAfrica protocol : assessment of health behaviour and population-based socioeconomic, hygiene behavioural factors - a standardised repeated cross-sectional study in multiple cohorts in sub-Saharan Africa
The objective of the Health Population Africa (HPAfrica) study is to determine health behaviour and population-based factors, including socioeconomic, ethnographic, hygiene and sanitation factors, at sites of the Severe Typhoid Fever in Africa (SETA) programme. SETA aims to investigate healthcare facility-based fever surveillance in Burkina Faso, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Madagascar and Nigeria. Meaningful disease burden estimates require adjustment for health behaviour patterns, which are assumed to vary among a study population.; For the minimum sample size of household interviews required, the assumptions of an infinite population, a design effect and age-stratification and sex-stratification are considered. In the absence of a population sampling frame or household list, a spatial approach will be used to generate geographic random points with an Aeronautical Reconnaissance Coverage Geographic Information System tool. Printouts of Google Earth Pro satellite imagery visualise these points. Data of interest will be assessed in different seasons by applying population-weighted stratified sampling. An Android-based application and a web service will be developed for electronic data capturing and synchronisation with the database server in real time. Sampling weights will be computed to adjust for possible differences in selection probabilities. Descriptive data analyses will be performed in order to assess baseline information of each study population and age-stratified and sex-stratified health behaviour. This will allow adjusting disease burden estimates. In addition, multivariate analyses will be applied to look into associations between health behaviour, population-based factors and the disease burden as determined in the SETA study.; Ethic approvals for this protocol were obtained by the Institutional Review Board of the International Vaccine Institute (No. 2016-0003) and by all collaborating institutions of participating countries. It is anticipated to disseminate findings from this study through publication on a peer-reviewed journal
The HPAfrica protocol: Assessment of health behaviour and population-based socioeconomic, hygiene behavioural factors - a standardised repeated cross-sectional study in multiple cohorts in sub-Saharan Africa.
INTRODUCTION: The objective of the Health Population Africa (HPAfrica) study is to determine health behaviour and population-based factors, including socioeconomic, ethnographic, hygiene and sanitation factors, at sites of the Severe Typhoid Fever in Africa (SETA) programme. SETA aims to investigate healthcare facility-based fever surveillance in Burkina Faso, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Madagascar and Nigeria. Meaningful disease burden estimates require adjustment for health behaviour patterns, which are assumed to vary among a study population. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: For the minimum sample size of household interviews required, the assumptions of an infinite population, a design effect and age-stratification and sex-stratification are considered. In the absence of a population sampling frame or household list, a spatial approach will be used to generate geographic random points with an Aeronautical Reconnaissance Coverage Geographic Information System tool. Printouts of Google Earth Pro satellite imagery visualise these points. Data of interest will be assessed in different seasons by applying population-weighted stratified sampling. An Android-based application and a web service will be developed for electronic data capturing and synchronisation with the database server in real time. Sampling weights will be computed to adjust for possible differences in selection probabilities. Descriptive data analyses will be performed in order to assess baseline information of each study population and age-stratified and sex-stratified health behaviour. This will allow adjusting disease burden estimates. In addition, multivariate analyses will be applied to look into associations between health behaviour, population-based factors and the disease burden as determined in the SETA study. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethic approvals for this protocol were obtained by the Institutional Review Board of the International Vaccine Institute (No. 2016-0003) and by all collaborating institutions of participating countries. It is anticipated to disseminate findings from this study through publication on a peer-reviewed journal
The meta-stable dip (MSD) effect in SOI FinFETs
The meta-stable dip (MSD) effect is demonstrated and characterized in SOI FinFETs. With ascending scan of front-gate voltage (V-G1), the magnitude of drain current (I-D) tends to be fixed within a specific region of the front-gate voltage and this leads to a dip of transconductance (g(m)). The dip width can be modulated through a control of bias condition or measurement speed such as back-gate voltage (V-G2), drain voltage (V-D) and step size of the front-gate voltage. From the dual-gate transient measurement, it is found that the MSD effect is highly dependent on the floating-body effect. In SOI FinFETs, the MSD effect is significantly affected by the fin width due to the fringing electric field of the lateral gates. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
PD-L1 Expression Is Significantly Associated with Tumor Mutation Burden and Microsatellite Instability Score
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry (IHC), microsatellite instability (MSI), and tumor mutation burden (TMB) have been proposed as a predictive biomarker to predict response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). We aimed to find the relationship of PD-L1 IHC to TMB and MSI using a comprehensive cancer panel assay (CCPA) with >500 genes in advanced cancer patients. CCPA results from 588 archived tissue samples were analyzed for TMB and MSI. In seven samples, whole exome sequencing confirmed TMB with Pearsonâs correlation coefficient of 0.972 and all MSI-high cases were validated by pentaplex PCR. Association of TMB and MSI with their corresponding PD-L1 IHC was analyzed. The median TMB value of 588 cases was 8.25 mutations (mut)/Mb (range 0â426.8) with different distributions among the tumor types, with high proportions of high-TMB (>10mut/Mb) in tumors from melanoma, colorectal, gastric, and biliary tract. The TMB values significantly correlated with PD-L1 expression, and this correlation was prominent in gastric and biliary tract cancers. Moreover, the MSI score, the proportion of unstable MSI sites to total assessed MSI sites, showed a significant correlation with the TMB values and PD-L1 scores. This study demonstrates that PD-L1 expression is significantly associated with TMB and MSI score and this correlation depends on the location of the primary tumor