Mitochondrial variability of Small Međimurje dog

There are six native dog breeds in Croatia recognized by the Federation Cynologique International (FCI) and one national dog breed Small Međimurje dog (MEDI) still unrecognized by the FCI. To promote breed we have analysed mitochondrial DNA control region (CR-mtDNA) sequence (551-bp) in 35 Small Međimurje dogs sampled in Međimurje County. After comparison with 33 worldwide distributed dog breeds (N=115 samples), three main canine CR-mtDNA haplogroups (A, B and C) were observed in Small Međimurje dogs. Median-joining tree showed that MEDI forms six haplotypes presented in haplogroup C (H3 is the most frequent in MEDI population), haplogroup A (haplotypes H2, H5 and H7) and in haplogroup B (haplotypes H4 and H6). The results presented in this study correspond to other mtDNA studies of native dog breeds. For the better genetic description of MEDI and for the optimal future breeding management, further analyses of nuclear genome are recommended

THE PRESENCE OF BREAKFAST IN THE DIET OF NURSES / TECHNICIANS

Uvod: Važan dio zdravog načina života je provođenje pravilne odnosno zdrave prehrane.. Briga o prehrani nam omogućuje duži, zdraviji i kvalitetniji život. Cilj: Utvrditi kako se prema doručku, kao jednom od segmenata zdrave prehrane odnose sadašnji i budući zdravstveni radnici. Ispitanici i metode. Korišteni su podaci dobiveni analizom anonimne ankete koja je provedena među polaznicima Diplomskog studija sestrinstva u Slavonskom Brodu. Pitanja su se odnosila na demografske osobine, vitalne funkcije, ITM, na naviku doručkovanja, te konzumiranje suhomesnatih proizvoda. Ponuđeni odgovori u anketi su bili otvorenog i zatvorenog tipa. Kategorijski podatci predstavljeni su apsolutnim i relativnim frekvencijama. Rezultati: U analiziranom istraživanju sudjelovalo je 60 ispitanika, 57 (95 %) žena i 3 (5 %) muškaraca. Medijan dobi je 35 godina, urednih su vrijednosti tlaka i BMI, (50 %) doručkuje, ali neredovito, najčešći odabir kruha je pšenični, za 35 (58 %), dnevno pojedu do tri šnite kruha 44 (73 %), a njih 8 (13 %) četiri i više. Trajne ili polutrajne suhomesnate proizvode 30 (50 %) ispitanika jede do dva puta tjedno, a samo 2 (3 %) ispitanika uopće ne jedu te proizvode. Na osnovi istraživanja možemo zaključiti da ispitanici 15 Diplomskog studija gotovo redovito doručkuju i koriste različite vrste kruha uz suhomesnate proizvode u tolerantnim količinama i dozvoljenim tjednim frekvencijama.Introduction: Unimportant part of a healthy life style is to carryout proper and healthy eating. Nutrition concerns allow us to have a longer, healthier, and better quality life. Goal. Determine how the present and future health workers work as one of the segments of healthy eating for breakfast. Respondents and Methods: The data obtained by analyzing the anonymous survey was conducted among the participants of the Graduate Study of Sessions in Slavonski Brod. The questions related to demographic characteristics, vital functions, ITM, breakfast habits, and consumption of dry meat products. The responses to the survey we reopen and closed type. Category data are represented by absolute and relative frequencies. The results: In the analyzed study, 60 participants, 57 (95%) of women and 3 (5%) of men participated. Median age is 35 years, proper values of pressure and BMI, (50%) breakfast, but irregularly, the most common choice of bread is wheat, for 35 (58%), eat up to three breads 44 (73%) daily and 8 (13%) four and more. Permanent or semi-permanent cured meats 30 (50%) of respondents eat twice a week, and only 2 (3%) respondents do not eat these products at all. Based on the research we can conclude that the students of the Graduate Study almost regularly breakfast and use different types of bread with dry meat products intolerant quantities and allowed weekly frequencies

Mitochondrial variability of Small Međimurje dog

There are six native dog breeds in Croatia recognized by the Federation Cynologique International (FCI) and one national dog breed Small Međimurje dog (MEDI) still unrecognized by the FCI. To promote breed we have analysed mitochondrial DNA control region (CR-mtDNA) sequence (551-bp) in 35 Small Međimurje dogs sampled in Međimurje County. After comparison with 33 worldwide distributed dog breeds (N=115 samples), three main canine CR-mtDNA haplogroups (A, B and C) were observed in Small Međimurje dogs. Median-joining tree showed that MEDI forms six haplotypes presented in haplogroup C (H3 is the most frequent in MEDI population), haplogroup A (haplotypes H2, H5 and H7) and in haplogroup B (haplotypes H4 and H6). The results presented in this study correspond to other mtDNA studies of native dog breeds. For the better genetic description of MEDI and for the optimal future breeding management, further analyses of nuclear genome are recommended

Population structure and genetic history of Tibetan Terriers

International audienceAbstractBackgroundTibetan Terrier is a popular medium-sized companion dog breed. According to the history of the breed, the western population of Tibetan Terriers includes two lineages, Lamleh and Luneville. These two lineages derive from a small number of founder animals from the native Tibetan Terrier population, which were brought to Europe in the 1920s. For almost a century, the western population of Tibetan Terriers and the native population in Tibet were reproductively isolated. In this study, we analysed the structure of the western population of Tibetan Terriers, the original native population from Tibet and of different crosses between these two populations. We also examined the genetic relationships of Tibetan Terriers with other dog breeds, especially terriers and some Asian breeds, and the within-breed structure of both Tibetan Terrier populations.ResultsOur analyses were based on high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array (Illumina HD Canine 170 K) and microsatellite (18 loci) genotypes of 64 Tibetan Terriers belonging to different populations and lineages. For the comparative analysis, we used 348 publicly available SNP array genotypes of dogs from other breeds. We found that the western population of Tibetan Terriers and the native Tibetan Terriers clustered together with other Asian dog breeds, whereas all other terrier breeds were grouped into a separate group. We were also able to differentiate the western Tibetan Terrier lineages (Lamleh and Luneville) from the native Tibetan Terrier population.ConclusionsOur results reveal the relationships between the western and native populations of Tibetan Terriers and support the hypothesis that Tibetan Terrier belongs to the group of ancient dog breeds of Asian origin, which are close to the ancestors of the modern dog that were involved in the early domestication process. Thus, we were able to reject the initial hypothesis that Tibetan Terriers belong to the group of terrier breeds. The existence of this native population of Tibetan Terriers at its original location represents an exceptional and valuable genetic resource

Genetic variability of the karst shepherd, tornjak, sarplaninac and tibetan terrier

Psi kao atraktivni genetski model pokazuju impresivne međupasminske varijacije i visok stupanj pasminske homogenosti, a karakterizira ih značajan stupanj inbridinga i fiksiranja fenotipskih osobina. Određene pasmine uzgojene su na istom lokalitetu sa sličnim ciljevima te dijele zajedničku genetsku pozadinu. U ovom doktorskom radu analizirana je genetska struktura pastirskih pasmina pasa (LGD) s fokusom na tornjaka, šarplaninca i kraškog ovčara. Kao primjer pasmine s ekstremno „uskim grlom“ proučavane su linije tibetskog terijera osnovane u zapadnom svijetu i uzorci populacije izvornih tibetskih terijera. Za potrebe ove doktorske disertacije uzorkovano je 50 tornjaka, 50 šarplaninaca, 200 kraških ovčara i 64 tibetska terijera. Genealoške informacije o tornjaku i kraškom ovčaru izračunate su pomoću programa MaGelLAn 1.0. Ispitano je 18 mikrosatelitnih lokusa koje je predložilo Međunarodno društvo za genetiku životinja (ISAG) na ukupno 101 uzorku. Za određivanje genetske varijabilnosti kontrolne regije mitohondrijske DNA (CR mtDNA) analizirali smo ukupno 400 CR-a mtDNA. Uzorci 12 kraških ovčara, 12 šarplaninaca, 24 tornjaka i 24 tibetska terijera genotipizirani su nizom Illumina CanineHD BeadChip. Za daljnju analizu ukupno smo dodali 577 uzoraka od 46 pasmina i 10 uzoraka sivog vuka iz javno dostupnih baza podataka. Filogenetski odnosi analizirani su korištenjem mreže NeighborNet temeljene na Nei udaljenosti pomoću softvera SplitsTree4. Uzorci rascjepa i mješavina otkriveni su korištenjem softvera Treemix. Za ispitivanje strukture populacije iz podataka SNP čipa i mikrosatelita korištena je metoda grupiranja utemeljena modelom STRUCTURE. Nizovi homozigotnosti (ROH) identificirani su koristeći SNP & Variation Suite v8.8.3. Rezultati genetske varijabilnosti kraškog ovčara, šarplaninca i tornjaka pokazuju da su to tri jasno odijeljene pasmine koje pripadaju u grupu pastirskih pasa. Tornjaci su bliže srodni šarplanincima, dok su kraški ovčari nešto bliži njemačkom ovčaru. Tornjaka i šarplaninca karakterizira nizak stupanj i dugih i kratkih ROH-ova, dok kraški ovčar ima nešto viši stupanj. Rezultati tibetskih terijera otkrivaju značajnu razliku u genetskoj varijabilnosti između izvorne populacije tibetskog terijera i njegove zapadne populacije te su tibetski terijeri bliže srodni malim tibetskim pasminama pasa nego drugim terijerima. Izvornu populaciju tibetskog terijera karakterizira nizak stupanj, dok zapadna populacija ima znatno viši stupanj dugog ROH-a, a niska razina inbridinga izvornih tibetskih terijera rezultat je veće efektivne veličine populacije u usporedbi s njihovom zapadnom populacijom. Znanstveni doprinos je bolje razumijevanje genetskih struktura pasmina pasa malih efektivnih veličina, u svrhu poboljšanja uzgojno-selekcijskog rada kinoloških organizacija.Dogs as an attractive genetic model exhibit impressive inter breed variation and high degree of breed homogeneity, characterized by considerable degree of inbreeding and fixation of phenotypic traits. Certain breeds were bred locally with similar goals sharing common genetic background. In this thesis genetic structure of livestock guarding dogs (LGD) was analysed with a focus on Tornjak, Sharplanina Dog and Karst Shepherd. As an example of a breed with extreme bottleneck, western lineages of Tibetan Terrier and native Tibetan Terriers were analysed. 50 Tornjaks, 50 Sharplanina Dogs, 200 Karst Shepherds and 64 Tibetan Terriers were sampled. Genealogical information of Tornjaks and Karst Shepherds were calculated using the MaGelLAn 1.0 software. 18 microsatellite loci proposed by the International Society of Animal Genetics (ISAG) were examined on 101 samples. To determine the genetic variability of the mitochondrial DNA control region (CR mtDNA), 400 CRs mtDNA were analysed. 12 Karst Shepherds, 12 Sharplanina Dogs, 24 Tornjaks and 24 Tibetan Terriers were genotyped with the Illumina CanineHD BeadChip. We added a total of 577 samples from 46 breeds and 10 gray wolfs from publicly available databases. Phylogenetic relationships were analyzed using a NeighborNet network based on Nei distance using SplitsTree4 software. Patterns of population splits and mixtures were detected using Treemix. STRUCTURE was used to examine the population structure from SNP chips and microsatellites. Runs of homozygosity (ROHs) were identified using SNP & Variation Suite. Genetic variability of Karst Shepherd, Sharplanina Dog and Tornjak shows that these are three clearly separated breeds from shepherd group. Tornjaks are closely related to Sharplanina Dog, while Karst Shepherds are closer to German Shepherds. Tornjak and Sharplanina Dog are characterized by a low degree of ROHs, while the Karst Shepherd has a slightly higher degree. They all have lower inbreeding and higher effective population sizes than some modern dog breeds. Results of Tibetan Terriers reveal a significant difference in genetic variability between the native population of the Tibetan Terrier and its western population, and Tibetan Terriers are closely related to small Tibetan dog breeds than other terriers. Native Tibetan Terriers are characterized by a low degree of long ROH, while the western population has a significantly higher degree of long ROH, and the low level of inbreeding of native Tibetan Terriers is the result of a larger effective population size compared to the western Tibetan Terrier population. Scientific contribution is in a better understanding of the genetic structures of dog breeds with small effective sizes, which can give better recommendations for breeding and selection

Genetic variability of the karst shepherd, tornjak, sarplaninac and tibetan terrier

Psi kao atraktivni genetski model pokazuju impresivne međupasminske varijacije i visok stupanj pasminske homogenosti, a karakterizira ih značajan stupanj inbridinga i fiksiranja fenotipskih osobina. Određene pasmine uzgojene su na istom lokalitetu sa sličnim ciljevima te dijele zajedničku genetsku pozadinu. U ovom doktorskom radu analizirana je genetska struktura pastirskih pasmina pasa (LGD) s fokusom na tornjaka, šarplaninca i kraškog ovčara. Kao primjer pasmine s ekstremno „uskim grlom“ proučavane su linije tibetskog terijera osnovane u zapadnom svijetu i uzorci populacije izvornih tibetskih terijera. Za potrebe ove doktorske disertacije uzorkovano je 50 tornjaka, 50 šarplaninaca, 200 kraških ovčara i 64 tibetska terijera. Genealoške informacije o tornjaku i kraškom ovčaru izračunate su pomoću programa MaGelLAn 1.0. Ispitano je 18 mikrosatelitnih lokusa koje je predložilo Međunarodno društvo za genetiku životinja (ISAG) na ukupno 101 uzorku. Za određivanje genetske varijabilnosti kontrolne regije mitohondrijske DNA (CR mtDNA) analizirali smo ukupno 400 CR-a mtDNA. Uzorci 12 kraških ovčara, 12 šarplaninaca, 24 tornjaka i 24 tibetska terijera genotipizirani su nizom Illumina CanineHD BeadChip. Za daljnju analizu ukupno smo dodali 577 uzoraka od 46 pasmina i 10 uzoraka sivog vuka iz javno dostupnih baza podataka. Filogenetski odnosi analizirani su korištenjem mreže NeighborNet temeljene na Nei udaljenosti pomoću softvera SplitsTree4. Uzorci rascjepa i mješavina otkriveni su korištenjem softvera Treemix. Za ispitivanje strukture populacije iz podataka SNP čipa i mikrosatelita korištena je metoda grupiranja utemeljena modelom STRUCTURE. Nizovi homozigotnosti (ROH) identificirani su koristeći SNP & Variation Suite v8.8.3. Rezultati genetske varijabilnosti kraškog ovčara, šarplaninca i tornjaka pokazuju da su to tri jasno odijeljene pasmine koje pripadaju u grupu pastirskih pasa. Tornjaci su bliže srodni šarplanincima, dok su kraški ovčari nešto bliži njemačkom ovčaru. Tornjaka i šarplaninca karakterizira nizak stupanj i dugih i kratkih ROH-ova, dok kraški ovčar ima nešto viši stupanj. Rezultati tibetskih terijera otkrivaju značajnu razliku u genetskoj varijabilnosti između izvorne populacije tibetskog terijera i njegove zapadne populacije te su tibetski terijeri bliže srodni malim tibetskim pasminama pasa nego drugim terijerima. Izvornu populaciju tibetskog terijera karakterizira nizak stupanj, dok zapadna populacija ima znatno viši stupanj dugog ROH-a, a niska razina inbridinga izvornih tibetskih terijera rezultat je veće efektivne veličine populacije u usporedbi s njihovom zapadnom populacijom. Znanstveni doprinos je bolje razumijevanje genetskih struktura pasmina pasa malih efektivnih veličina, u svrhu poboljšanja uzgojno-selekcijskog rada kinoloških organizacija.Dogs as an attractive genetic model exhibit impressive inter breed variation and high degree of breed homogeneity, characterized by considerable degree of inbreeding and fixation of phenotypic traits. Certain breeds were bred locally with similar goals sharing common genetic background. In this thesis genetic structure of livestock guarding dogs (LGD) was analysed with a focus on Tornjak, Sharplanina Dog and Karst Shepherd. As an example of a breed with extreme bottleneck, western lineages of Tibetan Terrier and native Tibetan Terriers were analysed. 50 Tornjaks, 50 Sharplanina Dogs, 200 Karst Shepherds and 64 Tibetan Terriers were sampled. Genealogical information of Tornjaks and Karst Shepherds were calculated using the MaGelLAn 1.0 software. 18 microsatellite loci proposed by the International Society of Animal Genetics (ISAG) were examined on 101 samples. To determine the genetic variability of the mitochondrial DNA control region (CR mtDNA), 400 CRs mtDNA were analysed. 12 Karst Shepherds, 12 Sharplanina Dogs, 24 Tornjaks and 24 Tibetan Terriers were genotyped with the Illumina CanineHD BeadChip. We added a total of 577 samples from 46 breeds and 10 gray wolfs from publicly available databases. Phylogenetic relationships were analyzed using a NeighborNet network based on Nei distance using SplitsTree4 software. Patterns of population splits and mixtures were detected using Treemix. STRUCTURE was used to examine the population structure from SNP chips and microsatellites. Runs of homozygosity (ROHs) were identified using SNP & Variation Suite. Genetic variability of Karst Shepherd, Sharplanina Dog and Tornjak shows that these are three clearly separated breeds from shepherd group. Tornjaks are closely related to Sharplanina Dog, while Karst Shepherds are closer to German Shepherds. Tornjak and Sharplanina Dog are characterized by a low degree of ROHs, while the Karst Shepherd has a slightly higher degree. They all have lower inbreeding and higher effective population sizes than some modern dog breeds. Results of Tibetan Terriers reveal a significant difference in genetic variability between the native population of the Tibetan Terrier and its western population, and Tibetan Terriers are closely related to small Tibetan dog breeds than other terriers. Native Tibetan Terriers are characterized by a low degree of long ROH, while the western population has a significantly higher degree of long ROH, and the low level of inbreeding of native Tibetan Terriers is the result of a larger effective population size compared to the western Tibetan Terrier population. Scientific contribution is in a better understanding of the genetic structures of dog breeds with small effective sizes, which can give better recommendations for breeding and selection

Genetic variability of the karst shepherd, tornjak, sarplaninac and tibetan terrier

Psi kao atraktivni genetski model pokazuju impresivne međupasminske varijacije i visok stupanj pasminske homogenosti, a karakterizira ih značajan stupanj inbridinga i fiksiranja fenotipskih osobina. Određene pasmine uzgojene su na istom lokalitetu sa sličnim ciljevima te dijele zajedničku genetsku pozadinu. U ovom doktorskom radu analizirana je genetska struktura pastirskih pasmina pasa (LGD) s fokusom na tornjaka, šarplaninca i kraškog ovčara. Kao primjer pasmine s ekstremno „uskim grlom“ proučavane su linije tibetskog terijera osnovane u zapadnom svijetu i uzorci populacije izvornih tibetskih terijera. Za potrebe ove doktorske disertacije uzorkovano je 50 tornjaka, 50 šarplaninaca, 200 kraških ovčara i 64 tibetska terijera. Genealoške informacije o tornjaku i kraškom ovčaru izračunate su pomoću programa MaGelLAn 1.0. Ispitano je 18 mikrosatelitnih lokusa koje je predložilo Međunarodno društvo za genetiku životinja (ISAG) na ukupno 101 uzorku. Za određivanje genetske varijabilnosti kontrolne regije mitohondrijske DNA (CR mtDNA) analizirali smo ukupno 400 CR-a mtDNA. Uzorci 12 kraških ovčara, 12 šarplaninaca, 24 tornjaka i 24 tibetska terijera genotipizirani su nizom Illumina CanineHD BeadChip. Za daljnju analizu ukupno smo dodali 577 uzoraka od 46 pasmina i 10 uzoraka sivog vuka iz javno dostupnih baza podataka. Filogenetski odnosi analizirani su korištenjem mreže NeighborNet temeljene na Nei udaljenosti pomoću softvera SplitsTree4. Uzorci rascjepa i mješavina otkriveni su korištenjem softvera Treemix. Za ispitivanje strukture populacije iz podataka SNP čipa i mikrosatelita korištena je metoda grupiranja utemeljena modelom STRUCTURE. Nizovi homozigotnosti (ROH) identificirani su koristeći SNP & Variation Suite v8.8.3. Rezultati genetske varijabilnosti kraškog ovčara, šarplaninca i tornjaka pokazuju da su to tri jasno odijeljene pasmine koje pripadaju u grupu pastirskih pasa. Tornjaci su bliže srodni šarplanincima, dok su kraški ovčari nešto bliži njemačkom ovčaru. Tornjaka i šarplaninca karakterizira nizak stupanj i dugih i kratkih ROH-ova, dok kraški ovčar ima nešto viši stupanj. Rezultati tibetskih terijera otkrivaju značajnu razliku u genetskoj varijabilnosti između izvorne populacije tibetskog terijera i njegove zapadne populacije te su tibetski terijeri bliže srodni malim tibetskim pasminama pasa nego drugim terijerima. Izvornu populaciju tibetskog terijera karakterizira nizak stupanj, dok zapadna populacija ima znatno viši stupanj dugog ROH-a, a niska razina inbridinga izvornih tibetskih terijera rezultat je veće efektivne veličine populacije u usporedbi s njihovom zapadnom populacijom. Znanstveni doprinos je bolje razumijevanje genetskih struktura pasmina pasa malih efektivnih veličina, u svrhu poboljšanja uzgojno-selekcijskog rada kinoloških organizacija.Dogs as an attractive genetic model exhibit impressive inter breed variation and high degree of breed homogeneity, characterized by considerable degree of inbreeding and fixation of phenotypic traits. Certain breeds were bred locally with similar goals sharing common genetic background. In this thesis genetic structure of livestock guarding dogs (LGD) was analysed with a focus on Tornjak, Sharplanina Dog and Karst Shepherd. As an example of a breed with extreme bottleneck, western lineages of Tibetan Terrier and native Tibetan Terriers were analysed. 50 Tornjaks, 50 Sharplanina Dogs, 200 Karst Shepherds and 64 Tibetan Terriers were sampled. Genealogical information of Tornjaks and Karst Shepherds were calculated using the MaGelLAn 1.0 software. 18 microsatellite loci proposed by the International Society of Animal Genetics (ISAG) were examined on 101 samples. To determine the genetic variability of the mitochondrial DNA control region (CR mtDNA), 400 CRs mtDNA were analysed. 12 Karst Shepherds, 12 Sharplanina Dogs, 24 Tornjaks and 24 Tibetan Terriers were genotyped with the Illumina CanineHD BeadChip. We added a total of 577 samples from 46 breeds and 10 gray wolfs from publicly available databases. Phylogenetic relationships were analyzed using a NeighborNet network based on Nei distance using SplitsTree4 software. Patterns of population splits and mixtures were detected using Treemix. STRUCTURE was used to examine the population structure from SNP chips and microsatellites. Runs of homozygosity (ROHs) were identified using SNP & Variation Suite. Genetic variability of Karst Shepherd, Sharplanina Dog and Tornjak shows that these are three clearly separated breeds from shepherd group. Tornjaks are closely related to Sharplanina Dog, while Karst Shepherds are closer to German Shepherds. Tornjak and Sharplanina Dog are characterized by a low degree of ROHs, while the Karst Shepherd has a slightly higher degree. They all have lower inbreeding and higher effective population sizes than some modern dog breeds. Results of Tibetan Terriers reveal a significant difference in genetic variability between the native population of the Tibetan Terrier and its western population, and Tibetan Terriers are closely related to small Tibetan dog breeds than other terriers. Native Tibetan Terriers are characterized by a low degree of long ROH, while the western population has a significantly higher degree of long ROH, and the low level of inbreeding of native Tibetan Terriers is the result of a larger effective population size compared to the western Tibetan Terrier population. Scientific contribution is in a better understanding of the genetic structures of dog breeds with small effective sizes, which can give better recommendations for breeding and selection