115 research outputs found
Identificação de áreas prioritárias para desenvolvimento de políticas relativas a situação da infância de 0 a 6 anos no Rio Grande do Sul
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Antropologia do corpo e pesquisa sobre sexualidade : dados qualitativos e tratamento estatístico : uma proposta metodológica
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ESTATÍSTICA ESPACIAL E ANÁLISE DE CLUSTER EM DADOS DE DESASTRES NATURAIS: MAPEAMENTO DAS INUNDAÇÕES NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL ENTRE 2003 E 2009
Todos os anos boa parte dos municípios do Rio Grande do Sul sofrem com a ocorrência de eventos extremos, que acabam se configurando em desastres naturais devido aos prejuízos socioeconômicos e humanos gerados. Entre 2003 e 2009, foram registrados pela Coordenadoria Estadual de Defesa Civil do Rio Grande do Sul (CEDEC/RS) 1.640 desastres naturais, atingindo 94,6% dos municípios do estado e mais de 7.500.000 pessoas. Destes 1.640 desastres registrados, 11% (181) foram eventos de inundações ocorridos neste período
Laparoscopy versus laparotomy for benign ovarian tumours (Review)
Background: Over the last ten years laparoscopy and minilaparotomy have become increasingly common approaches for the surgical removal of benign ovarian tumours. However in the event that a tumour is found to be malignant, laparotomy is the appropriate procedure. Careful preoperative assessment including transvaginal ultrasound with morphological scoring, colour doppler assessment of vascular quality and a serum Ca125 level is desirable. Objectives: To determine the benefits, harms and cost of laparoscopy or minilaparotomy compared with laparotomy in women with benign ovarian tumours. Search strategy: We searched electronic databases, trials registers and reference lists of published trial reports. Reference lists from trials and review articles were also searched. Selection criteria: All randomised controlled trials comparing either laparoscopy or minilaparotomy with laparotomy for benign ovarian tumours. Data collection and analysis: Eight reviewers independently assessed the eligibility and quality of each study, and independently extracted the data Main results The results of nine randomised controlled trials (n=482 women) showed that laparoscopic surgery was associated with fewer adverse events of surgery (surgical injury or post operative complications including fever or infection) (OR 0.3 95% CI 0.2 to 0.5), less post operative pain (VAS scores WMD -2.4 95% CI -2.7 to -2.0), greater likelihood of being pain free after 2 days (OR 7.42 95% CI 4.86 to 11.33) and fewer days in hospital (WMD -2.88 95%CI -3.1 to -2.7) . In one study that reported costs, laparoscopy was associated with a significant reduction compared to laparotomy(WMD - 1348 to - in 1993. Very high levels of heterogeneity made it inappropriate to pool data on duration of surgery. Three RCT’s compared laparoscopy versus minilaparotomy and found that laparoscopy was associated with reduced odds of any adverse event (surgical injury or postoperative complications ) (OR 0.10 95% CI 0 to 0.8) lower VAS scores for pain (WMD -1.0 95%CI -1.6 to -0.45). Duration of hospital stay ranged between 1 and 2.2 days with substantial heterogeneity. Authors’ conclusions In women undergoing surgery for benign ovarian tumours, laparoscopy was associated with a reduction in fever, urinary tract infection, post operative complications, post operative pain, number of days in the hospital and total cost. These findings should be interpreted with caution since only a small number of studies were identified including a total of only 769 women and not all of the important outcomes were reported in each study
Riscos reprodutivos em região próxima ao pólo petroquímico de Triunfo no Sul do Brasil
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate possible adverse reproductive outcomes in an area adjacent to a petrochemical plant in southern Brazil. METHODS: A review of 17,113 birth records of the main hospital of the municipality of Montenegro, southern Brazil, from 1983 to 1998 was carried out. Three groups of cases were selected: (1) newborns with major congenital malformations; (2) newborns with low birth weight (;500 g). A control was assigned to each case. Controls were the first newborns weighing >; or = 2,500 g without malformations and of case-matching sex. Mother's residence during pregnancy was used as an exposure parameter. Statistical analyses were performed using Chi-square test or Fisher test, odds ratio, 0.05 significance level, and 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: For unadjusted analysis, it was found a correlation between low birth weight and geographical proximity of mother's residence to the petrochemical plant (OR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.01--2.72) or residence on the way of preferential wind direction (OR = 1.62; 95% CI = 1.03--2.56). When other covariates were added in the conditional logistic regression (maternal smoking habits, chronic disease and age), there was no association. CONCLUSIONS: Despite final results were negative, low birth weight could be a good parameter of environmental contamination and should be closely monitored in the studied area.OBJETIVO: Avaliar os possíveis riscos reprodutivos em uma região próxima a pólo petroquímico situado no Rio Grande do Sul. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 17.113 registros de nascimentos ocorridos no principal hospital da região, localizado no município de Montenegro, RS, desde 1983 até 1998. Foram selecionados três diferentes grupos de casos: (1) recém-nascidos portadores de malformações congênitas maiores; (2) recém-nascidos com baixo peso ao nascer (;500 g). Para cada caso, foi atribuído um controle específico, que foi a primeira criança nascida viva, pesando 2.500 g ou mais, com ausência de malformações e tendo o mesmo sexo que o caso em questão. A residência materna durante a gravidez foi utilizada como um parâmetro para exposição. Para a análise estatística, foram usados os testes qui-quadrado ou Fisher, "odds ratio", nível de significância de 0,05 e intervalo de confiança de 95%. RESULTADOS: Foi encontrada correlação positiva para baixo peso ao nascer e para proximidade geográfica da residência materna ao Pólo Petroquímico ["odds ratio" (OR) = 1,66; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1,01-2,72] ou residência na direção preferencial do vento ["odds ratio" (OR) = 1,62; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1,03-2,56]. Quando outras variáveis foram incluídas na análise de regressão logística condicional (fumo, doenças crônicas e idade materna), essa associação desapareceu. CONCLUSÕES: Apesar de os resultados finais terem sido negativos, o baixo peso ao nascer pode ser um bom parâmetro para medir a contaminação ambiental, mas deve ser monitorado na região estudada
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