Bocepreviralapú hármas kezelés hatékonyságának és biztonságosságának retrospektív elemzése előrehaladott fibrosisstádiumú, hepatitis C-vírus 1-es genotípussal fertőzött, korábban sikertelenül kezelt magyar betegeknél

INTRODUCTION: During 2011 and 2013, 155 Hungarian hepatitis C genotype 1 infected patients, mostly with advanced liver fibrosis, who did not respond to prior peginterferon + ribavirin dual therapy, started boceprevir based triple therapy in an early access program. AIM AND METHOD: Efficacy and safety of the therapy was retrospectively assessed based on sustained virologic responses, as well as on frequency and type of serious adverse events and of those leading to therapy discontinuation. RESULTS: In an intent-to-treat analysis 39.4% patients (61/155) reached sustained virologic response. Amongst pervious relapsers, partial responders and null-responders 59.5%, 41.4 % and 22.9% (p<0.05 compared to the other two categories) reached sustained virologic response, respectively, while amongst non-cirrhotics and cirrhotics 52.5% and 31.3% (p<0.05 compared to the non-cirrhotics) achieved sutained virologic response, respectively. Six out of the 33 most difficult to cure patients (previous null responder and cirrhotic) have reached sustained virologic response (18.2%). Frequency of early discontinuations due to insufficient virologic response was 31.1%, while due to adverse event 10.3%. Reported frequency of serious adverse event was 9.8%. These events represented anemia, diarrhoea, depression, agranulocytosis, elevated aminotransferases, generalized dermatitis and severe gingivitis with loss of teeth, prolonged QT interval on ECG, generalized oedema and severe dyspnoea, uroinfection, exacerbation of Crohn's disease, Campylobacter pylori infection and unacceptable weakness and fatigue. Eight patients received transfusion, 4 patients erythropoietin and 1 granulocyte colony stimulating factor during therapy. No death has been reported. CONCLUSIONS: With boceprevir based triple therapy, one of the bests available in 2011-2013 in Hungary, a relevant proportion of hepatitis C infected patients with advanced liver fibrosis achieved sustained viral response. In this cohort, side-effects resembled those reported in registration studies, and resulted in therapy discontinuation with consequent treatment failure in a relevant number of patients. Efficacy and tolerability of boceprevir-based triple therapy are suboptimal, particularly in the most difficult to cure patient population. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(34), 1366-1374

Sabretache from Burial 8 of the Krasnogorsk Burial Ground. Historical Aspect

The finds of purses/sabretache with front side coating of metal sheets are of considerable interest for the study of the cultural ties of the population of the Vetluga-Vyatka interfluvial area. Purses/sabretache, decorated with sheets and plates, are well known since the 10th century in the Carpathian basin and East European region, and even found on some Scandinavian burial grounds. Items of this type in the Vetluga-Vyatka interfluve were found on the Veselovsky, Rusenikha and Anatkasy burial grounds. But, unfortunately, the finds are poorly preserved, which does not allow a complete reconstruction of the items. In 2019, another handbag was found on the Krasnogorsk burial ground of Mari culture of the 10th century. A good preservation of organic matters and a comprehensive study of the details of the sabretache made it possible to reconstruct the full view of the item. The find from burial 8 of the Krasnogorsk burial ground was examined against a background of wide analogies from the medieval sites of the Carpathian basin, East European and Eurasian regions that allowed to find the place of the item in the system of international connections and to take a closer look at the issue of the genesis and ways of spread of this type of objects

A conifer UDP-sugar dependent glycosyltransferase contributes to acetophenone metabolism and defense against insects

Acetophenones are phenolic compounds involved in resistance of white spruce (Picea glauca) against spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferiana), a major forest pest in North America. The acetophenones pungenol and piceol commonly accumulate in spruce foliage in the form of the corresponding glycosides, pungenin and picein. These glycosides appear to be inactive against the insect, but can be cleaved by a spruce β-glucosidase, PgβGlu1, which releases the active aglycons. The reverse glycosylation reaction was hypothesized to involve a family-1 UDP-sugar dependent glycosyltransferase (UGT) to facilitate acetophenone accumulation in the plant. Metabolite and transcriptome profiling over a developmental time course of white spruce bud burst and shoot growth revealed two UGTs, PgUGT5 and PgUGT5b, which glycosylate pungenol. Recombinant PgUGT5b enzyme produced mostly pungenin, while PgUGT5 produced mostly isopungenin. Both UGTs were also active in vitro on select flavonoids. However, the context of transcript and metabolite accumulation did not support a biological role in flavonoid metabolism but correlated with the formation of pungenin in growing shoots. Transcript levels of PgUGT5b were higher than those of PgUGT5 in needles across different genotypes of white spruce. The results support a role of PgUGT5b in the biosynthesis of the glycosylated acetophenone pungenin in white spruce

A conifer UDP-sugar dependent glycosyltransferase contributes to acetophenone metabolism and defense against insects

Acetophenones are phenolic compounds involved in the resistance of white spruce (Picea glauca) against spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferiana), a major forest pest in North America. The acetophenones pungenol and piceol commonly accumulate in spruce foliage in the form of the corresponding glycosides, pungenin and picein. These glycosides appear to be inactive against the insect but can be cleaved by a spruce β-glucosidase, PgβGLU-1, which releases the active aglycons. The reverse glycosylation reaction was hypothesized to involve a family 1 UDP-sugar dependent glycosyltransferase (UGT) to facilitate acetophenone accumulation in the plant. Metabolite and transcriptome profiling over a developmental time course of white spruce bud burst and shoot growth revealed two UGTs, PgUGT5 and PgUGT5b, that glycosylate pungenol. Recombinant PgUGT5b enzyme produced mostly pungenin, while PgUGT5 produced mostly isopungenin. Both UGTs also were active in vitro on select flavonoids. However, the context of transcript and metabolite accumulation did not support a biological role in flavonoid metabolism but correlated with the formation of pungenin in growing shoots. Transcript levels of PgUGT5b were higher than those of PgUGT5 in needles across different genotypes of white spruce. These results support a role of PgUGT5b in the biosynthesis of the glycosylated acetophenone pungenin in white spruce

Комплексное изучение естественнонаучными методами и реставрация сумочки из Красногорского могильника = Comprehensive Study of Natural Science Methods and Conservation of a Handbag from Krasnogorskiy Burial Ground

The article presents the results of a multidisciplinary study of a unique artifact from burial 8 of the Krasnogorskiy ancient Mari burial ground of the X century – a leather purse/handbag with a metal plate on the cover. Handbags of this type are known in the Carpathian Basin, Eastern European region and even found on some Scandinavian burial grounds. Not only the metal plate has been preserved, but also large fragments of organic materials forming the details of the handbag, which allows us to restore the full appearance of the item. A comprehensive study of the handbag made it possible to make a complete reconstruction. At present, this is the only reconstruction of purses/handbags of the sabretache type from medieval burial grounds, made on the basis of analyses of organic and metal parts of the handbag obtained by specialists of various fields. The conservation of the object was carried out by applying the comprehensive study. A specialized study of the materials used in the manufacturing of the handbag allows to reveal a certain similarity with Hungarian handbags, but does not give reason to consider the handbag from the Krasnogorskiy burial ground as a complete copy of them. This article is the first experience of a comprehensive study of items of this type at the international level (Mari Research Institute of Language, Literature and History named after V.M. Vasilyev, Institute of Archaeology named after A.H. Khalikov, Pázmány Péter Catholic University). The results of the study are preliminary