The Response of Macro-and Micronutrient Nutrient Status and Biochemical Processes in Rats Fed on a Diet with Selenium-Enriched Defatted Rapeseed and/or Vitamin E Supplementation

The response of nutrient status and biochemical processes in (i) Wistar and (ii) spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats upon dietary intake of selenium-(Se-) enriched defatted rapeseed (DRS) and/or vitamin E fortification was examined to assess the health benefit of DRS in animal nutrition. Twenty-four individuals of each type of rat were used: The control group was fed with an untreated diet (Diet A). In Diets B and C, soybean meal was replaced with defatted DRS, which comprised 14% of the total diet. The selenized DRS application resulted in ∼3-fold increase of Se content in the diet. Diet C was also fortified with the addition of vitamin E, increasing the natural content by 30%. The Se content of the blood and kidneys tended to increase in the DRS groups, where the changes were significant ( < 0.05) only in the case of SHR rats. The iodine (I) content and the proportion of iodide in rat livers indicated a lower transformation rate of iodide into organoiodine compounds compared to the control. Slight and ambiguous alterations in the antioxidative response of the rat were observed in the DRS groups, but the addition of vitamin E to the diet helped to moderate these effects

Evaluation of selected influences on performance of beef cattle

The aim of this Bachelor thesis was to compare meat breed cattle efficiency. For the comparison were chosen these breeds: Aberdeen Angus and Highland. Data about the breeds were finding on Branišov ecofarm and on Bořanovice ecofarm in the area of Šumava national park. Highland cattle breed - Scottish national cattle was imported to Czech Republic in 1991 from Scotland to mountain conditions of NP Šumava to Branišov farm. This breed is ranked among extensive meat breed of small constitutional type, it is also called ?hobby breed?. Aberdeen angus breed is ranked among most widespread meat breed in the world. It originates from North-East Scotland, where the meat performance cattle type was bred in early 18th century. Later it was crossbred with shorthorn breed. Aberdeen Angus is a breed of genetically hornless minor to medium body frame. At breeds the growth was valued by detection their live weight at birth, at the age of 120, 210 and 365 days. From detected data of suspense files basic statistic characteristics were evaluated (percent occurrence, arithmetic mean, minimum, maximum, standard deviation). The average weight of HI breed calves at birth was 25 kg at bullocks and 20 kg at heifers. In 365 days the average weight of bullocks reached 301 kg and 264 kg at heifers. The average weight of AA breed calves at birth was 37 kg (bullocks) and 34 kg (heifers). In 365 days the average weight of bullocks reached 485 kg and 365 kg at heifers. Further there were ranking of reproductive indices and maternal qualities of cows. From observed results was evaluated father influence, birth sequence and calve month sequence depending on calves? weight. Father influence on calves? growth at AA breed wasn?t statistically significant. The highest live weight in 120, 210 and 365 days had AA calves at third calving. At HI breed was influence of calving sequence on claves live weight statistically insignificant. The highest live weight (120, 210 days) had the calves born in august at AA breed (175, 64 kg or 275, 27 kg) and at HI breed (at the age of 210 days 183, 33 kg). In term of economics is this stock raising without grants unprofitable. With grants the gain on VDJ amounts 6876 CZK at AA breed and 10 186 CZK at HI breed. The results proved, that for provision of profitable stock raising BTMP would the Aberdeen Angus heifers be calved at first at the age of 24 months, it has to be assured good fertility of cows, high additions of calves and also high longevity of cows

Functional foods and their application to the regional food market

The aim of this work was to characterize the contribution of functional foods for human health and to formulate effective procedures for the implementation of functional foods on the regional food market in the use of marketing mix. He was a pilot market survey questionnaire form. Finally, it was recommended that future functional food manufacturers to determine for how many are able to produce these foods and compare the price that people are willing to pay for this product. When promoting a product would be good to focus on women aged 31-50 years and in leaflets. Important to raise interest in buying a functional food is to give consumers more information about this type of food. Inform them all about their impact on health as scientific evidence

Selected aspects of copyright with the focus on IT contracts

I chose as the topic of my thesis the issue of contracts which are concluded between parties in the IT field. The aim of this thesis is mainly in the assessment of current legislation of institutes, which are widely used in the field of IT contracts conclusion. This thesis has to answer the question which institutes are crucial from the perspective of the contractor, which from the perspective of the customer. This thesis has to mention also regular requirements of contract in the field of IT. Regarding the structure of this thesis, which is divided into several chapters, the first chapters of this thesis (along with the final chapter) inform readers about the issues that are important for understanding other issues. These chapters should be taken only as a necessary introduction on topics that I consider essential, the themes of which are key or crucial part of this work. The crucial topic of this work is according to my opinion all-embracing summary of IT contract issue. The issue of IT contracts described in this thesis provides, in my opinion, total integral cross section of described institutes together with stating valid reasons why and in which situations these institutes should be used and for which contractual party these institutes are particularly advantageous. The greatest contribution of this..

How effective is the registration of sales?

The registration of sales is a topical issue of the tax policy and one of the recent measures against the shadow economy and tax evasion introduced in the Czech Republic. After its implementation, first evaluations of the impact on tax revenues are being provided. Within this paper, we discuss the methodology used to provide estimates of the increase in tax revenues based on the national accounts data, estimate the increase in VAT revenues for restaurant services and compare it with previous estimates. We provide three different estimates according to the assumed proportion of VAT non-tax payers based on national accounts data. According to our results, VAT revenues would increase by approx. 2.5 bill. CZK when all restaurants become VAT payers or by approximately 1 bill. CZK if only 8 % of restaurants remain VAT non-payers. If the proportion of VAT non-payers does not change after the registration of sales, the VAT revenues would decrease by 0.45 bill. CZK due to the reduction of the tax rate

The Impact of Including Immigrants without Permanent Residence Status in the Public Health Insurance System in the Czech Republic

Whether an individual can or cannot participate in the Czech public health insurance system depends on several characteristics, one of which is whether he/she has permanent residence status in the Czech Republic, and a second whether he/she is employed. This means that those without permanent residence status, including self-employed migrants from third countries, their dependent relatives, and the dependent relatives of third country employees in the Czech Republic, cannot participate in the public health insurance system. Some argue that such migrants should be included in the system, since commercial health insurance is disadvantageous and the contributions they would pay into the public health insurance system would increase the public health insurance agencies’ income. We estimate the value of the contributions to public health insurance that would be paid by third country self-employed and non-working immigrants, if they were insured based on data from 2011 to 2013, and compare this to the assumed costs of their medical care. To calculate the contributions for self-employed migrants we use data on the distribution of the tax base for self-employed persons from personal income tax returns. Our estimation results in an overall negative balance of 22 million CZK on the data for 2012 and 2013. In the current system this deficit would be covered by the state, which would pay contributions to the system for certain (state insured) persons amounting to 97 million CZK; overall therefore the inclusion of these immigrants would result in a positive balance of 75 million CZK

Blood parasites (Trypanosoma, Leucocytozoon, Haemoproteus) in the Eurasian sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus): diversity, incidence and persistence of infection at the individual level

Abstract Background A high prevalence of parasites may result from life-long persistence of infection or from high reinfection rates. We have studied blood parasites in a breeding population of the accipitrid raptor, Eurasian sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus), to determine parasite diversity and turnover. Methods During this 7-year study, 210 adult Eurasian sparrowhawks breeding in the city of Prague were checked for parasites using several diagnostic methods. Results In both female and male raptors, parasites of the genus Leucocytozoon were the most prevalent (92% and 85%, respectively) followed in decreasing order of prevalence by those of genus Trypanosoma (74% and 68%, respectively) and genus Haemoproteus (46% and 16%, respectively). The prevalence of all parasites increased with age in both sexes, with the females at each respective age having the higher prevalence. There was a positive association between Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon infections. Persistence at the individual level was higher than incidence for Trypanosoma and Haemoproteus. In the case of Leucocytozoon and Trypanosoma, most individuals probably become infected in their first year of life or even before dispersal from the nest. The detected parasites belonged to Trypanosoma avium sensu stricto, Leucocytozoon sp. (haplotypes ACNI1 and ACNI3) and Leucocytozoon mathisi (haplotype ACNI4) and two new lineages of the Haemoproteus elani complex (ACCNIS6 and ACCNIS7). Detailed analysis of parasite lineages in individuals that were repeatedly sampled revealed lineage turnover that would otherwise remain hidden. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the detected Haemoproteus belongs to a phylogenetically distant group whose taxonomic position requires further analysis. Conclusions All three genera of blood parasites persist in infected individuals, thus enabling sustainability of vector transmission cycles. Prevalence increases with age; however, there is a high turnover of Leucocytozoon lineages. No clear evidence of parasite-induced mortality was found, and most of the individuals were infected early in life, particularly in the case of Leucocytozoon. Graphical abstrac

The Response of Macro- and Micronutrient Nutrient Status and Biochemical Processes in Rats Fed on a Diet with Selenium-Enriched Defatted Rapeseed and/or Vitamin E Supplementation

The response of nutrient status and biochemical processes in (i) Wistar and (ii) spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats upon dietary intake of selenium- (Se-) enriched defatted rapeseed (DRS) and/or vitamin E fortification was examined to assess the health benefit of DRS in animal nutrition. Twenty-four individuals of each type of rat were used: The control group was fed with an untreated diet (Diet A). In Diets B and C, soybean meal was replaced with defatted DRS, which comprised 14% of the total diet. The selenized DRS application resulted in ~3-fold increase of Se content in the diet. Diet C was also fortified with the addition of vitamin E, increasing the natural content by 30%. The Se content of the blood and kidneys tended to increase in the DRS groups, where the changes were significant (P<0.05) only in the case of SHR rats. The iodine (I) content and the proportion of iodide in rat livers indicated a lower transformation rate of iodide into organoiodine compounds compared to the control. Slight and ambiguous alterations in the antioxidative response of the rat were observed in the DRS groups, but the addition of vitamin E to the diet helped to moderate these effects

<i>CLCN1</i> Mutations in Czech Patients with Myotonia Congenita, <i>In Silico</i> Analysis of Novel and Known Mutations in the Human Dimeric Skeletal Muscle Chloride Channel

<div><p>Myotonia congenita (MC) is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the skeletal muscle chloride channel gene (<i>CLCN1</i>) encoding the skeletal muscle chloride channel (ClC-1). Mutations of <i>CLCN1</i> result in either autosomal dominant MC (Thomsen disease) or autosomal recessive MC (Becker disease). The ClC-1 protein is a homodimer with a separate ion pore within each monomer. Mutations causing recessive myotonia most likely affect properties of only the mutant monomer in the heterodimer, leaving the wild type monomer unaffected, while mutations causing dominant myotonia affect properties of both subunits in the heterodimer. Our study addresses two points: 1) molecular genetic diagnostics of MC by analysis of the <i>CLCN1</i> gene and 2) structural analysis of mutations in the homology model of the human dimeric ClC-1 protein. In the first part, 34 different types of <i>CLCN1</i> mutations were identified in 51 MC probands (14 mutations were new). In the second part, on the basis of the homology model we identified the amino acids which forming the dimer interface and those which form the Cl^- ion pathway. In the literature, we searched for mutations of these amino acids for which functional analyses were performed to assess the correlation between localisation of a mutation and occurrence of a dominant-negative effect (corresponding to dominant MC). This revealed that both types of mutations, with and without a dominant-negative effect, are localised at the dimer interface while solely mutations without a dominant-negative effect occur inside the chloride channel. This work is complemented by structural analysis of the homology model which provides elucidation of the effects of mutations, including a description of impacts of newly detected missense mutations. </p> </div