Impact of Oil Cruises on Tourism in Czechoslovakia in the Year 1970-1985

This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of tourism in Czechoslovakia in the 70s and first half of 80s. The main goal of this thesis is to confirm or disprove a hypothesis which says that the oil crises in 1973 and 1979 had a negative impact on tourism. Theoretical part is dedicated to the characteristics of tourism. It also deals with tourism politics in Czechoslovakia during normalisation and an impact of oil crises on capitalist countries and on countries of CMEA, which includes Czechoslovakia. The factors that have an influence on tourism are further analysed in practical part of this thesis. Practical part deals with an analysis of economical factors that affect tourism, like income of population and expenses of population on tourism. Another factors that are analysed and that affect tourism are development of accommodation, participation in domestic tourism and foreign tourism. This thesis led to conclusion, that the first oil crisis in 1973 didn’t have a negative impact on tourism in the Czechoslovakia, whereas the second oil crisis in 1979 did have a negative impact on tourism in the Czechoslovakia. The thesis brings a new perspective on the issue of tourism in the Czechoslovakia in the 70s and 80s.Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá problematikou cestovního ruchu v Československu v letech 1970–1985. Hlavním cílem této práce je potvrdit či vyvrátit hypotézu, že ropné krize z let 1973 a 1979 měly negativní dopad na cestovní ruch. Teoretická část práce se věnuje charakteristice cestovního ruchu. Také se zabývá politikou cestovního ruchu v Československu za normalizace a dopadům ropných krizí na kapitalistické státy a státy Rady vzájemné hospodářské pomoci (RVHP), kam patří i Československo. Tyto faktory ovlivňující cestovní ruch jsou analyzovány v praktické části. Praktická část se zaměřuje na analýzu ekonomických faktorů ovlivňující cestovní ruch, jako jsou příjmy obyvatelstva a výdaje obyvatelstva na cestovní ruch. Následně je provedena další analýza faktoru ovlivňující cestovní ruch, a to je vývoj ubytovacích zařízení. Dále je analyzována účast na domácím cestovním ruchu. A v poslední části je analyzován zahraniční cestovní ruch. Z práce vyplývá, že první ropná krize z let 1973 neměla negativní dopad na cestovní ruch v Československu a druhá ropná krize z let 1979 měla negativní dopad na cestovní ruch v Československu. Práce tak přináší další rozvoj problematiky cestovního ruchu v Československu v 70. a 80. letech

Spiritual and mental maturity of a person

Department of Pastoral Theology and Law SciencesKatedra pastorálních oborů a právních vědKatolická teologická fakultaCatholic Theological Facult

Spiritual and mental maturity of a person

Department of Pastoral Theology and Law SciencesKatedra pastorálních oborů a právních vědKatolická teologická fakultaCatholic Theological Facult

Retrospective Analysis of Bone Metabolism in Patients on Waiting List for Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation

Posttransplant osteoporosis, which evolves from preexisting bone pathologies, represents a serious complication with deteriorating consequences. The aim of our study was to evaluate epidemiological data on bone mineral density (BMD) in subjects with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) in advanced stages of diabetic nephropathy indicated for simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPK). We retrospectively compiled biochemical and densitometrical data from 177 patients with T1DM at CKD (chronic kidney disease) stages G4-G5 (115 men, 62 women, median age 40 yr, diabetes duration 23 yr) enrolled on waiting list for SPK for the first time between the years 2011 and 2016. Median Z-scores were as follows: lumbar spine (LS): -0.8 [interquartile range -1.75 to 0.1]; total hip (TH): -1.2 [-1.75 to -0.6]; femoral neck (FN): -1.2 [-1.9 to -0.7]; and distal radius (DR): -0.8 [-1.4 to -0.1]. We noted a gender difference in LS, with worse results for men (-1.1 vs. -0.3) even after adjusting for BMI (body mass index) and glomerular filtration (p<0.001). Osteoporotic and osteopenic ranges (based on T-scores) for all major sites were 27.7% and 56.5%, respectively, with similar results across both genders. Women had a significantly higher proportion of normal BMD in LS than men (67.7 vs. 49.4%, p<0.05). Patients with T1DM at CKD stages G4-G5 exhibited serious BMD impairment despite their young age. Men surprisingly displayed lower Z-scores and higher percentages of pathological BMD values in LS than women did. The introduction of adequate preventive measures during the advanced stages of diabetic nephropathy to prevent bone loss is recommended

Increase in lumbar spine but not distal radius bone mineral density in adults after pancreas kidney transplantation

Osteoporosis occurs in every third individual after simultaneous pancreas kidney transplantation (SPKT). Currently used bone measures insufficiently predict their fracture risk. Lumbar spine Trabecular bone score (TBS) and distal radius areal and volumetric bone mineral density (BMD) were monitored for the first time in patients with type 1 diabetes and chronic renal failure after SPKT with steroid-sparing protocol. In 33 subjects (mean age 43.4 ± 9.8 years), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography were performed just after SPKT (baseline) and one and three years later. While TBS Z-scores increased (−1.1 ± 1.2 and −0.3 ± 1.0; p˂0.001, at baseline and year three, respectively), trabecular volumetric BMD Z-scores at distal radius metaphysis did not change during the study (−1.3 ± 1.3 and −1.3 ± 1.0; p = 0.38). Similarly, areal BMD Z-scores increased at lumbar spine, total hip and femoral neck (all p < 0.01), but not at the distal radius. SPKT induced bone measures' improvement at lumbar spine and hip but not at distal radius. Before suggesting changes in current clinical care, predictive value of individual bone measures or its combination for fracture risk assessment remains to be elucidated