3D Experimental investigation of the hygro-mechanical behaviour of wood at cellular and sub-cellular scale: detection of local deformations

The swelling/shrinkage of spruce wood samples (Picea Abies) is documented with high resolution XRay Tomography and advanced image analysis tools. We report the reversible moisture-induced global and local deformations at the cellular and sub-cellular scales. In particular, we present sophisticated methods for detecting local deformations in the cell wall. Insight is given on the hygromechanical behaviour of wood cell material and on the role of ultra-cellular components in wood, such as bordered pits and rays

Assessing the nutrient value of bio-based materials in relation to early fungal growth

C

In situ, in vitro and in silico analysis of coating performance

Service life prediction (SLP) is a complex yet essential method for analysing coating performance. Accurate and precise assessment is crucial for a strong position on the market. Correct knowledge of the critical failure points, maintenance/replacement frequency and related costs are part of this approach. This paper describes the scale-dependent tools within a bio-engineering framework that are applied for coating research, ranging from modelling, X-ray tomography, lab testing, controlled fungal infestation up to continuous moisture set-ups and large-scale window frame weathering

Hygrothermal behaviour of timber frame walls finished with a brick veneer cladding

In this study, two typical timber frame walls with brick veneer cladding have been constructed at KU Leuven to investigate the hygrothermal response of these constructions in a moderate sea climate. Main topic of research is the contradictory criterion for the wind barrier when it comes to the risk on interstitial condensation for winter and summer conditions: in winter a vapour open wind barrier is appropriate, in summer a more vapour tight. Therefore, similar walls but with different types of wind barrier have been investigated. In one set-up a vapour open bituminous impregnated wood fibre board is used as wind barrier, whereas in the second set-up a more vapour tight wood fibre cement board is used. The study shows that a high relative humidity can be expected at the interface between insulation and wind barrier during winter conditions, leading to a high mould growth index. In contrast, the relative humidity at the interface between insulation and inner vapour retarder during summer is lower than expected. This can be caused by the buffering capacity of the hygroscopic materials in the wall

X-ray tomography as a tool for detailed anatomical analysis

Wood identification, anatomical examination and retrieval of quantitative information arc important aspects of many research disciplines. Conventional light microscopy with a camera and (semi)automatic image analysis software is an often used methodology for these purposes. Morc advanced techniques such as fluorescence, scanning electron, transmission electron, confocal laser scanning and atomic force microscopy arc also part of the toolset answering to the need for detailed imaging. Fast, non-destructive visualization in three dimensions with high resolution combined with a broad field of view is sought-after, especially in combination with flexible software. A highly advanced supplement to the existing techniques, namely X-ray sub-micron tomography, meets these requirements. It enables the researcher to visualize the material with a voxel size approaching <1 mu m for small samples (<1 mm). Furthermore, with tailor-made processing software quantitative data about the wood in two and three dimensions can be obtained. Examples of visualization and analysis of four wood species arc given in this paper, focusing on the opportunities of tomography at micron and sub-micron resolution. X-ray computed tomography offers many possibilities for material research in general and wood science in specific, as a qualitative as well as a quantitative technique

Preventive action of organosilicon treatments against disfigurement of wood under laboratory and outdoor conditions

A