Crust-mantle interaction inferred from the petrology and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope geochemistry of Eocene arc lavas from the Kahrizak Mountains, north-Central Iran

The Eocene volcanic rocks from the Kahrizak Mountains in north-central Iran are part of the Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc, which runs parallel to the Main Zagros Thrust segment of the Neo-Tethys suture. These volcanic rocks, similar to those from eastern Pontides and northern Anatolia, Turkey, were mainly produced during the Eocene magmatic flare-up associated with the Arabia-Eurasia convergence. The rock suite includes basalt, trachyandesite/andesite and trachydacite/rhyolite lavas and pyroclastic deposits that evolved compositionally from calc-alkalic to shoshonitic. Their normalized trace element concentration patterns are moderately enriched in light rare earth element and depleted in high field-strength elements (HFSE; e.g., Nb, Ta, Ti). They have narrow ranges of initial Pb isotopic ratios and ^(143)Nd/^(144)Nd_i, but highly variable ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr_i. The new analyses indicate that the parental magmas of the volcanic rocks were derived from a mantle source that had been enriched by fluids released from a subducted oceanic slab. The fluids introduced significant amounts of large ion lithophile elements, but negligible HFSE to the source. The parental magmas underwent fractional crystallization and assimilation of upper crustal materials to produce the range of volcanic rocks. Integration of new analyses with regional data suggests that the Eocene volcanic rocks from north-central Iran, together with ~coeval volcanic rocks in eastern Pontides and northern Anatolia, were most probably derived from a lithospheric mantle source that had been previously metasomatized by fluids derived from a subducted slab before and during the Arabia-Eurasia collision

IQ Score of Children with Persistent or Perennial Allergic Rhinitis: A Comparison with Healthy Children

How to Cite This Article: Ghaffari J, Abbaskhanian A, Jalili M, Yazdani Charati Y. IQ Score of Children With Persistent or Perennial Allergic Rhinitis: Comparison with Healthy Children. Iran J Child Neurol. 2014 Summer; 8(3): 44-48. AbstractObjectivePrevalence of allergies is different around the world. Allergic rhinitis is a common chronic disease in children.Intelligence quotient (IQ) is an indicator of efficacy and many factors including chronic diseases may affect it. This study compares the IQs of children diagnosed with persistent or perennial allergic rhinitis with healthy children.Material & MethodsThis was a comparative study that was conducted from June 2011–May 2013 in an academic referral clinic. In this study, 90 patients aged 6- to 14-yearsold who were diagnosed with persistent or perennial allergic rhinitis and were compared to 90 age and gender match healthy patients from their respective families. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for hildren was used to divide and calculate overall IQ, verbal IQ, and practical IQ. The t-test and chi square were used to analyze quantitative variables and qualitative variables, respectively.Results In this study, out of total 180 children, 90 (50%) in the case group and 90 children (50%), the control group participated for IQ comparison. One hundred (57%) were male and 80 (43%) were female. The overall IQ for allergic rhinitis patients and healthy patients was 109.2 and 107.5, respectively. This difference was not considered significant. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the IQ scores of males and females.ConclusionAlthough allergic rhinitis is a chronic disease and effects quality of life, there were no identifiable negative effects on IQ.  ReferencesGhaffari J, Mohammadzadeh I, Khaliian A, Rafatpanah H, Mohammadjafari H, Davoudi A. Prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in elementary schools in Sari(Iran). Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine. 2012; 3(1):372-76.Mohammadzadeh I, Barari-Savadkoohi R, Alizadeh- Navaei R. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in Iranian children: A systematic review and descriptive metaanalysis. Journal of Pediatrics Review. 2013; 1(2):19-24.Ghaffari J. Prevalence of Aeroallergens in Skin Test of Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis, Eczema, and Chronic Urticaria Patients in Iran. Journal 0f Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2012; 22(87): 139-151 (Persian).Horn JL, Cattel RB. Refinement and test of the theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence. Journal of  ducational Psychology. 1966;57:253–70.Black KC, Hynd GW. Epilepsy in the School aged child: Cognitive-Behavioral Characteristic and effect on Academic performance. School Psychology Quarterly. 1995;10:345–58.Wolters PL, Brouwers P, Moss HA. Pediatric HIV disease: Effect on cognitive learning and behavior. School Psychol Quarterly. 1995;10:305–28.Gutstadt LB, Gillette JW, Mrazek DA, Fukuhara JT, LaBrecque JF, Strunk RC. Determinants of school performance in children with chronic asthma. The American Journal of Diseases of Children. 1989;143:471–5.Liesker JW, Postma DS, Beukema RJ, ten Hacken NH, van der Molen T, Riemersma RA, et al. Cognitive performance in patients with COPD. Respiratory Medicine. 2004;98:351–356.Zhou G, Liu J, Sun F, Xin X, Duan L, Zhu X, Shi Z. Association of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Cognitive Decline in Very Elderly Men. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra. 2012 Jan-Dec; 2(1): 219–228. Published online 2012 May 22. doi: 10.1159/000338378.Marshall PS, Colon EA. Effects of allergy season on mood and cognitive function. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. 1993 Sep;71(3):251-8.Groth-Marnat G. Handbook of psychological assessment. Wiley.4th ed. 2003:p.129-195.Shahim S. Adaptation and Standardization of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children Revised. Shiraz University Press. 1373. p.5-94.Marshall PS, O’Hara C, Steinberg P. Effects of seasonal allergic rhinitis on selected cognitive abilities. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. 2000 Apr;84(4):403-10.Bender BG. Are asthmatic children educationally handicapped? School Psychology Quarterly. 1995;10:274–91.Ghaffari J, Abaskhanian A, Jalili M. IQ Score of Children with Moderate Asthma: Comparison with Healthy Children. Oman Medical Journal. 2014 Jan; 29(1):71-74.Daramola OO, Ayoola OO, Ogunbiyi AO.The comparison of intelligence quotients of atopic and nonatopic children in Ibadan, Nigeria. Indian Journal of Dermatology. 2010 Jul-Sep;55(3):221-4. doi: 10.4103/0019-5154.70665.Keremer B, Den Hartog HM, Jolles J. Relationship between allergic rhinitis, disturbed cognitive functions and psychological well-being. Clinical & Experimental Allergy. 2002; 32:1310-1315

Crust-mantle interaction inferred from the petrology and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope geochemistry of Eocene arc lavas from the Kahrizak Mountains, north-Central Iran

The Eocene volcanic rocks from the Kahrizak Mountains in north-central Iran are part of the Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc, which runs parallel to the Main Zagros Thrust segment of the Neo-Tethys suture. These volcanic rocks, similar to those from eastern Pontides and northern Anatolia, Turkey, were mainly produced during the Eocene magmatic flare-up associated with the Arabia-Eurasia convergence. The rock suite includes basalt, trachyandesite/andesite and trachydacite/rhyolite lavas and pyroclastic deposits that evolved compositionally from calc-alkalic to shoshonitic. Their normalized trace element concentration patterns are moderately enriched in light rare earth element and depleted in high field-strength elements (HFSE; e.g., Nb, Ta, Ti). They have narrow ranges of initial Pb isotopic ratios and ^(143)Nd/^(144)Nd_i, but highly variable ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr_i. The new analyses indicate that the parental magmas of the volcanic rocks were derived from a mantle source that had been enriched by fluids released from a subducted oceanic slab. The fluids introduced significant amounts of large ion lithophile elements, but negligible HFSE to the source. The parental magmas underwent fractional crystallization and assimilation of upper crustal materials to produce the range of volcanic rocks. Integration of new analyses with regional data suggests that the Eocene volcanic rocks from north-central Iran, together with ~coeval volcanic rocks in eastern Pontides and northern Anatolia, were most probably derived from a lithospheric mantle source that had been previously metasomatized by fluids derived from a subducted slab before and during the Arabia-Eurasia collision

Bacterial contamination of environmental surfaces in two educational hospitals under the auspices of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences

Background and Aims: Mortality risk and therefore the likelihood of in-hospital death for a patient owing to nosocomial infection in health care centers has always existed. The majority of nosocomial infections are transmitted through direct contact, primarily with environmental surfaces or equipments. This study was aimed to determine the microbial contamination of environmental surfaces in two teaching hospitals of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study and by kind permission of hospital managers, a total of 120 samples were collected from PICU, ICU, ENT units, Operating room, Burn ward and Recovery section in both studied hospitals. Identification of microbial agents was carried out using standard biochemical and microbiological methods. Data obtained were analyzed using Stata12 software & Chi- Square test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: The results showed bacterial contamination in 48 cases (40%). ENT unit with 80% and Burn ward with 40% revealed the hig est contamination rate in hospital (1) and hospital (2), respectively. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter aerogenes,Acinetobacter, and Enterococcus faecalis were the most common isolated bacteriaConclusion: A high percentage of bacterial contamination was found in both studied hospitals. Implementing revention guidelines and collection  of periodic culture are necessary to reduce the rate of bacterialcontamination in these hospitals.Key words: Nosocomial Infections, Environmental Surface, Microbial Contamination*Correspondin

Effects of Modafinil on Sleep Pattern during Methamphetamine Withdrawal: A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Methamphetamine (MA) abuse is a serious and costly public health problem worldwide; It also commonly affects the sleep quality. The present study was carried out aiming to evaluate the effectiveness of modafinil versus placebo on sleep pattern in MA withdrawal during an eight-week period. Methods: In a double-blind randomized controlled study, a total of 80 patients with a confirmed diagnosis MA withdrawal were treated with modafinil (200 mg/day). Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) were used to assess sleep pattern in the 1th and 56th days of the study. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was applied to compare the groups. All analyses were performed by using SPSS software with a 5% significance level. Findings: The mean age of the people in the intervention and placebo groups was 32.92 ± 2.06 and 34.08 ± 2.13 years, respectively. The mean scores of ESS decreased from 16.15 ± 4.50 to 9.15 ± 3.34 after the intervention in the modafinil group (P < 0.001), with no significant reduction in the placebo group (P = 0.990). The mean scores of PSQI decreased from 13.88 ± 3.40 to 9.92 ± 3.10 after the intervention in the modafinil group (P < 0.001), however there was no significant reduction in the placebo group (P = 0.980). The value of the Eta effect size of the PSQI and ESS questionnaires was 0.52 and 0.72, respectively. Modafinil was superior to placebo in improving the PSQI and ESS scales in the 56th day of assessment (P < 0.050). Conclusion: Modafinil improves the sleep quality in patients with MA withdrawal

Effect of Probiotics on Infantile Colic Using the Quadratic Inference Functions

Background: Infantile colic is defined as episodes of extreme and excessive crying due to unknown causes. Various results have been reported regarding the management of colic with probiotics in terms of effectiveness, with no side effects or health risks in the infants. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotics on the infants with colic using the quadratic inference functions (QIF).Methods: This single-blind, randomized, clinical trial was conducted on 98 infants admitted to the pediatric gastroenterology clinic of Bu Ali Sina Hospital in Sari, Iran. The neonates were diagnosed with infantile colic by a pediatric gastroenterologist. Patients were randomly divided into two groups (49 subjects per each). In the control group, the infants received placebo, and in the case group, the neonates were administrated with BioGaia probiotic oral drops for 21 days. The QIF method was fitted to analyze the influential factors in the improvement of infantile colic.Results: According to the QIF results in data analysis, mean duration of crying had a significant difference between the infants in the case and control groups (

Single-dose intravenous sodium valproate (Depakine) versus dexamethasone for the treatment of acute migraine headache: a double-blind randomized clinical trial

Objective Migraine headache is a chronic and disabling condition in adults. Some studies have investigated the efficacy of sodium valproate in the treatment of acute migraine, but the effectiveness and tolerability of intravenous valproate as abortive therapy remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sodium valproate and dexamethasone in the treatment of acute migraine. Methods We conducted a double-blind randomized clinical trial including 90 patients aged 18 to 65 years with acute migraine headache but no aura. Patients were randomized to receive intravenous dexamethasone (8 mg) or sodium valproate (400 mg) diluted into 4 mL of normal saline. The primary outcome measure was pain relief after 0.5, 1, 3, or 6 hours after administration. The secondary outcome criteria were the associated symptom recovery, rate of headache recurrence after 24 hours, and medication side effects. Pearson’s chi square and the t-test were employed in the data analysis. Results Of the 90 patients, 80 were investigated. The percentage of headache improvement at 0.5 hours after treatment was 55% and 67.5% in the sodium valproate and dexamethasone groups, respectively. Before-treatment and 0.5 hour after treatment pain severity visual analog scale scores were 9.05±0.90 and 3.8±3.09 in the sodium valproate group and 8.92±0.79 and 3.10±2.73 in the dexamethasone group, respectively. There were no significant intergroup differences. Conclusion This randomized clinical trial showed that the intravenous injection of sodium valproate 400 mg has similar effects to those of dexamethasone for improving acute migraine headache

Comparative histological and histochemical inter-species investigation of mammalian sub mandibular salivary glands

The major and accessory sub mandibular glands were obtained from different species of rodents belong to families Muridae (Meriones lybicus, Mus musculs, Cricetulus migraturus, Nesokia indica, Laboratory hamster and Apodemus sp.)? Dipodidae (Alactage elater and Jucullus blanfordi) and Sciuridae (Funambulus pennanti). The skulls of these species were separated immediately after death and fixed in buin with decalcification. Five um sections were stained with hematoxilen-eosin and tetrachrom. Periodic acid shiff and alcian blue (pH 1) were performed for sulfated natural mucins. Microscopic histological features, including existence of mucus and serous acini, presence of different kinds of tubules and different types of ducts as well as the histochemical characteristic features including histochemistry of different tubules and ducts in 2 different pH levels in the major and accessory sub mandibular glands in different rodents showed that the studied species proved to be different and the histological and histochemical study of sub mandibular salivary glands proved practicable with good discriminatory potential in evaluating the inter-species differences

بررسى آلودگى ميكروبى سطوح بخش هاى مختلف در دو بيمارستان آموزشى دانشگاه علوم پزشكى مازندران

Background and Aims:&nbsp;Mortality risk and therefore the likelihood of in-hospital death for a patient owing to nosocomial infection in health care centers has always existed. The majority of nosocomial infections are transmitted through direct contact, primarily with environmental surfaces or equipments. This study was aimed to determine the microbial contamination of environmental surfaces in two teaching hospitals of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.Materials and Methods:&nbsp;In this cross-sectional study and by kind permission of hospital managers, a total of 120 samples were collected from PICU, ICU, ENT units, Operating room, Burn ward and Recovery section in both studied hospitals. Identification of microbial agents was carried out using standard biochemical and microbiological methods. Data obtained were analyzed using Stata12 software &amp; Chi- Square test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results:&nbsp;The results showed bacterial contamination in 48 cases (40%). ENT unit with 80% and Burn ward with 40% revealed the hig est contamination rate in hospital (1) and hospital (2), respectively. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter aerogenes,Acinetobacter, and Enterococcus faecalis were the most common isolated bacteriaConclusion:&nbsp;A high percentage of bacterial contamination was found in both studied hospitals. Implementing revention guidelines and collection&nbsp; of periodic culture are necessary to reduce the rate of bacterialcontamination in these hospitals.زمينه و هدف: خطر مرگ و میر ناشی از عفونت بیمارستانی در مراکز بهداشتی و درمانی به عنوان یک معضل، همواره وجود داشته است. این عفونت‌ها می‌توانند از طریق تماس با محیط و یا تجهیزات به بیماران منتقل شوند. لذا هدف از این تحقیق، تعیین میزان آلودگی میکروبی سطوح بخش‌های مختلف در دو بیمارستان آموزشی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران در سال1393 می‌باشد. مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه، قبل از نمونه برداری هماهنگی‌های لازم با مدیران بیمارستان‌ها بعمل آمده که مجموعا 120 نمونه از سطوح، وسایل و تجهیزات بخش‌های نوزادان، مراقبت‌های‌ویژه، گوش، حلق و بینی، اتاق عمل، سوختگی و ترمیمی، دو بیمارستان مورد تحقیق برداشت شد. نمونه‌‌ها با استفاده از روش‌های استاندارد کشت میکروبی کشت داده شدند. داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم افزار Stata12 و آزمون آماری مربع کای مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفته و سطح معنی داری اختلاف‌‌ها کمتر از 05/0 در نظر گرفته شد.&nbsp;&nbsp; يافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که 40% نمونه‌های کشت، مثبت بودند. بیشترین میزان آلودگی میکروبی در بیمارستان شماره (1) با سهم 80% مربوط به بخش ENT و در بیمارستان شماره (2) با سهم 53% مربوط به بخش سوختگی مردان بوده است. شایع‌ترین باکتری‌های جدا شده شامل: اشریشیاکلی، استافیلوکوکوس آرئوس، پسودوموناس‌ آئروژنوزا، کلبسیلا، انتروباکتر آئروژنز، آسنیتوباکتر و انتروکوکوس فکالیس بوده‌اند. نتيجه گيري: این مطالعه نشان داد که میزان آلودگی باکتریایی بخش‌ها و سطوح مختلف بیمارستان‌های مورد مطالعه به میزان قابل توجهی می‌باشد. لذا توصیه اکید می‌شود که با برنامه‌ریزی مدون و بکارگیری روش‌های مناسب و پیشگیرانه، میزان آلودگی به حداقل برسد. &nbsp