Addressing HIV/AIDS challenges in Uganda: does social capital generation by NGOs matter?

HIV/AIDS has had devastating impacts in many countries, Uganda in particular. However, Uganda is depicted as one of the most successful countries in fighting HIV/AIDS. Among others, Uganda’s success story is attributed to the open general environment which allows open discussions surrounding HIV/AIDS when other countries such as South Africa and Kenya denied the existence of the disease in their countries. In addition, the success is attributed to the policy which allowed many actors to participate in the fight against the disease. The primary focus of this article is to map the process of social capital generation by NGOs and how social capital benefits enhance mitigation of HIV/AIDS challenges in Uganda. The key to social capital is nurturing relationships. In this regard, HIV/AIDS NGOs play a central role in the way individuals, groups and communities interact, and how various kinds of social relations are forged with people living with HIV/AIDS and especially for those who are HIV infected. NGOs’ success in reducing the number of HIV/AIDS cases in Uganda is based on their abilities to generate social capital. This involves inclusion and building social networks and empowerment at the individual and community levels, and disseminating information to reduce social stigma as well as discrimination. We used a mixed-method strategy to collect data for this study. We used a structured questionnaire having quantitative and qualitative question sets which focused on different social capital measurement indicators. We used observations and in-depth face-to-face interviews. A major finding of the study is that the ways individuals and groups are connected and interact with each other are important mechanisms for alleviating HIV/AIDS challenges in Uganda.Keywords: HIV/AIDS, social capital, NGOs, Uganda.Le VIH/SIDA a eu des effets dévastateurs dans de nombreux pays et en Ouganda en particulier. L’Ouganda, cependant, est dépeint comme l’un des pays les plus performants en matière de lutte contre le VIH/SIDA. L’une des raisons de ce succès est attribuée à l’environnement ouvert dans le pays qui a permis des discussions avec un esprit ouvert sur la question du VIH/SIDA. Dans d’autres pays comme en Afrique du Sud et au Kenya, l’existence de cette maladie était au contraire niée. En outre, ce succès est attribué à la politique qui a favorisé la participation de plusieurs acteurs à la lutte contre la maladie. L’objectif principal de cet article est d’établir le processus de production de capital social par les ONG, et de montrer comment les bénéfices du capital social favorisent l’atténuation des problèmes liés au VIH/SIDA en Ouganda. La clé du capital social réside dans l’entretien des relations sociales. À cet égard, les ONG s’occupant de la question du VIH/SIDA jouent un rôle central dans la façon dont les individus, les groupes et les communautés interagissent, et dans la manière par laquelle les différents types de relations sociales se nouent pour les personnes qui côtoient le VIH/SIDA, et surtout pour celles quisont infectées par le VIH. La réussite des ONG dans la réduction du nombre de cas de VIH/SIDA en Ouganda est basée sur leur capacité à générer du capital social. Cela implique l’inclusion et le renforcement des réseaux sociaux, l’autonomisation aux niveaux individuel et communautaire, et la diffusion de l’information pour réduire la stigmatisation sociale ainsi que la discrimination. Pour cette étude, nousavons utilisé comme stratégie une méthode mixte de collecte de données. Nous avons utilisé un questionnaire structuré ayant des séries de questions quantitatives et qualitatives qui ont été axés sur différents indicateurs de mesure du capital social. Nous avons utilisé des observations et des entretiens poussés en face-à-face. Une des principales conclusions de l’étude est que la façon dont les individus et lesgroupes sont liés et interagissent les uns avec les autres sont d’importants mécanismes pour atténuer les défis liés à la question du VIH/SIDA en Ouganda

Contraction of broken symmetries via Kac-Moody formalism

I investigate contractions via Kac-Moody formalism. In particular, I show how the symmetry algebra of the standard 2-D Kepler system, which was identified by Daboul and Slodowy as an infinite-dimensional Kac-Moody loop algebra, and was denoted by ${\mathbb H}_2$, gets reduced by the symmetry breaking term, defined by the Hamiltonian $$H(\beta)= \frac 1 {2m} (p_1^2+p_2^2)- \frac \alpha r - \beta r^{-1/2} \cos ((\phi-\gamma)/2).$$ For this $H (\beta)$ I define two symmetry loop algebras ${\mathfrak L}_{i}(\beta), i=1,2$, by choosing the `basic generators' differently. These ${\mathfrak L}_{i}(\beta)$ can be mapped isomorphically onto subalgebras of ${\mathbb H}_2$, of codimension 2 or 3, revealing the reduction of symmetry. Both factor algebras ${\mathfrak L}_i(\beta)/I_i(E,\beta)$, relative to the corresponding energy-dependent ideals $I_i(E,\beta)$, are isomorphic to ${\mathfrak so}(3)$ and ${\mathfrak so}(2,1)$ for $E0$, respectively, just as for the pure Kepler case. However, they yield two different non-standard contractions as $E \to 0$, namely to the Heisenberg-Weyl algebra ${\mathfrak h}_3={\mathfrak w}_1$ or to an abelian Lie algebra, instead of the Euclidean algebra ${\mathfrak e}(2)$ for the pure Kepler case. The above example suggests a general procedure for defining generalized contractions, and also illustrates the {\em `deformation contraction hysteresis'}, where contraction which involve two contraction parameters can yield different contracted algebras, if the limits are carried out in different order.Comment: 21 pages, 1 figur

A study of nanoparticles as a drug carrier on the wall of Stenosed Arteries

The influences of nanoparticles as drug carriers on the walls of stenosed arteries are presented. In this study, three nanoparticles namely Fe3O4 , TiO2 and Cu were used. It is observed that the addition of Fe3O4 nanoparticles tends to reduce the resistance impedance of blood temperature in bell shaped stenosed arteries. The blood temperature increases slightly in the streamwise direction before the throat region. Thereafter, the blood temperature increases at a higher rate and reaches its maximum value at the stenosis throat. It is found that the temperature distribution is heavily dependent on parameters such as periodic body acceleration and Prandtl number

The Effect of Import Tariff Reduction on Unemployment in Indonesia

The effect of import tariff reduction on unemployment can vary not only across sectors but also across regions, yet the empirical studies on regional analysis are still limited. This study investigates the effect of tariff reduction on unemployment in districts level in Indonesia spanning period 2000-2013. We follow the strategy of Topalova to construct regional tariff exposure in districts level. Our empirical analysis uses individual data approach to measure unemployment. By controlling the shifting in labor demand due to input tariff reduction, we find that import tariff reduction leads to an increase in unemployment and the increase is higher in district with larger employment share in net importer sectors

Motivasi Pemerintah Jepang dalam Rencana Pemberian Bebas Visa Bagi Turis Asal Indonesia

This research explain about the motivation of Japanese policy provides for visa-free tourists from Indonesia. This research uses descriptive research method in which an explanatory analytical research by trying to assess the phenomenon based on existing data. Secondary data obtained from the documentation media which include data from institutions official website, books, magazines, newspapers, newsletters, the Internet, and other sources.The author uses the perspective of neo-liberalism where neo-liberalism assume that the state is trying to maximize its absolute profits through cooperation. The framework of thinking begins with the theory of foreign policy by K.J Holsti where foreign policy is an action or idea designed by policy makers to solve problems or promote a change in the environment, which is in the policy stance or action from other countries. National interests included where national interests is the purpose of the implementation of the foreign policy of a StateThis study found that Japan change their policy orientation to tourist destination country. Japanese government assess that tourism industry is a promising industry in the 21st century. In the beginning, Japanese government issued a visa-free policy for 67 countries include Indonesia. The motivation of Japanese policies provide free visas to Indonesia for targeting 20 million foreign tourists to visit Japan before the 2020 Olympics Tokyo. Implementation of a visa-free policy of Japan towards Indonesia is a precondition to the citizens of Indonesia to have an e-passport, provide multiple-entry visa to Indonesian Citizen and extend the time of the visit from 15 days to 30 daysKeywords: Tourism, Visa, Visa exemption, Olympic 2020 Tokyo, E-Passport, Multiple-entr

On the resolution of cosmic coincidence problem and phantom crossing with triple interacting fluids

We here investigate a cosmological model in which three fluids interact with each other involving certain coupling parameters and energy exchange rates. The motivation of the problem stems from the puzzling `triple coincidence problem' which naively asks why the cosmic energy densities of matter, radiation and dark energy are almost of the same order of magnitude at the present time. In our model, we determine the conditions under triple interacting fluids will cross the phantom divide.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figures, to appear in Eur. Phys. J. C (2009

Two new prenylated chalcones from the leaves of Artocarpus lowii King

Two minor prenylated chalcones were isolated for the first time from the leaves of Artocarpus lowii King. These prenylated chalcones were identified as 2- hydroxyparatocarpin C (1) and 2ʹ,3,4ʹ,4-tetrahydroxy-3ʹ-prenylchalcone (2). The structures of these prenylated chalcone were elucidated by utilizing the data values obtained from1H NMR,13C NMR, DEPT, COSY, IR, UV and MS, as well as by comparison with literature values

Pengaruh Brand Awareness dan Promosi Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk (Studi Kasus PT Kreasi Mas Indah)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Brand Awareness dan Promosi Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian studi kasus PT Kreasi Mas Indah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif, deskriptif kausal. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan meliputi uji kualitas data berupa validitas dan reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik berupa normalitas, multikolinieritas, heterokedastisitas dan autokorelasi, uji regresi linier berganda, serta uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian secara parsial Brand Awareness berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian dan Promosi memberi pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian. Hasil uji F diperoleh Brand Awareness dan Promosi secara simultan berpengaruh positif dan siginifikan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian, berdasarkan nilai f-hitung sebesar 630,862 < dari f-tabel sebesar 2,70.