Modelling of food transportation systems - a review

In 2002, over a million refrigerated road vehicles, 400,000 refrigerated containers and many thousands of other forms of refrigerated transport systems are used to distribute chilled and frozen foods throughout the world. All these transportation systems are expected to maintain the temperature of the food within close limits to ensure its optimum safety and high quality shelf life. Increasingly, modelling is being used to aid the design and optimisation of food refrigeration systems. Much of this effort has concentrated on the modelling of refrigeration processes that change the temperature of the food such as chilling, freezing and thawing. The purpose of a refrigerated transport system is to maintain the temperature of the food and appears to have attracted less attention from modellers. This paper reviews the work that has been carried out specifically on the modelling of food temperature, microbial growth and other parameters in the transportation of food. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd and IIR

Utilization of the resources of the sea

In a hungry world, we are looking to the sea to provide much of the animal protein needed to feed our ever-increasing population. Fishing has developed in many parts of the Northern Hemisphere to such an extent that further increases in the catch are not possible. In the Southern Hemisphere appreciable increases are still possible but if they are not to be wasted, post-catch utilization must be efficient and effective. Seafoods are highly perishable products, and it is necessary to process them to extend the shelf life. This paper describes traditional methods of preserving fish, such as freezing, curing, smoking, canning and fermenting; it also considers new methods which make more efficient use of resources and reduce wastage. The advantages of producing fish meal and comminuted fish are also discussed. The paper looks at the prospects for future growth in the fishing indus try and stresses the importance of introducing modern handling and processing techniques. The relevance of these future developments to the Australian industry and their implications for future product development are considered

Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modelling to retail display and storage of food

This paper describes the work that has been conducted at the University of Bristol on the use of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modelling to aid the design of retail display cabinets and storage rooms

Trying to Capture, Cautiously, the O\u27Malley Style

John W. O’Malley, S.J., has proffered and used the concept of style so as to name something other than content that is needed in order to understand argument or research. In a way, style is to contemporary argument what rhetoric was to grammar. This essay attempts to capture what O’Malley means by style, but also, and more importantly seeks to describe or capture O’Malley’s own style. By employing the different formats that Jesuit Higher Education: A Journal offers, the essay tries to highlight the relevance and richness of style in communicating the self to the other. In a word, style is the bridge that makes an argument understood, recognized, and remembered. O’Malley makes sure in both his own writings and his style that we never forget the necessity of style for living out our vocations as researchers, teachers, mentors and colleagues

Satellite comparison of the seasonal circulation in the Benguela and California current systems

Satellite surface height and surface temperature fields are used to examine the seasonal surface circulation in the Benguela and California Current systems. In the California Current system, an equatorward jet develops in spring and summer near to the coast, with a latitudinal structure that responds to the equatorward longshore winds. This jet moves offshore from spring to autumn and contributes eddy kinetic energy to the deep ocean. In the Benguela system north of 32°S, winds are upwelling-favourable and currents are equatorward all year, but stronger in summer. The current strengthens in summer, when water parcels with high steric heights move intothe region offshore of the jet from the Agulhas Retroflection area at the same time that steric heights next to the coast drop as a result of coastal upwelling. Off the Cape (32–34°S), winds and currents are more seasonal. TheGeosat altimeter fields do not resolve the equatorward flow along the SST front next to the coast in spring and summer, but pick up strong equatorward flow off the Cape in autumn and winter, after the front moves offshore

A review of the performance of domestic refrigerators

This paper reviews the published data on the performance and use of domestic refrigerators throughout the world in the last 30 years. While there is considerable legislation defining maximum temperatures during the production, distribution and retailing of chilled food, as soon as the consumer purchases the food, it is outside of any of these legislative requirements. Inadequate domestic refrigeration or cooling is frequently cited as a possible factor in food poisoning incidents. It is clear from the many published surveys that many refrigerators throughout the world are running at higher than recommended temperatures. Since even these recommended temperatures are higher than the 0 to 1 °C that is usually the recommended temperature range for storing fish and seafood, meat and many chilled products the current situation is even more detrimental to maintaining the high quality life of chilled foods. Despite numerous surveys around the world, how refrigerator temperatures and cleanliness impacts on consumer health remains to be fully assessed. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Measuring Accuracy of Automated Parsing and Categorization Tools and Processes in Digital Investigations

This work presents a method for the measurement of the accuracy of evidential artifact extraction and categorization tasks in digital forensic investigations. Instead of focusing on the measurement of accuracy and errors in the functions of digital forensic tools, this work proposes the application of information retrieval measurement techniques that allow the incorporation of errors introduced by tools and analysis processes. This method uses a `gold standard' that is the collection of evidential objects determined by a digital investigator from suspect data with an unknown ground truth. This work proposes that the accuracy of tools and investigation processes can be evaluated compared to the derived gold standard using common precision and recall values. Two example case studies are presented showing the measurement of the accuracy of automated analysis tools as compared to an in-depth analysis by an expert. It is shown that such measurement can allow investigators to determine changes in accuracy of their processes over time, and determine if such a change is caused by their tools or knowledge.Comment: 17 pages, 2 appendices, 1 figure, 5th International Conference on Digital Forensics and Cyber Crime; Digital Forensics and Cyber Crime, pp. 147-169, 201