The Meaning of Jewish-Catholic Encounter in the Austrian Refugee Camps

This study takes its point of departure from reports of antisemitic incidents among Hungarians in Austrian refugee camps at the end of 1956. These incidents may have been provoked by agents from Communist Hungary who had penetrated the camps and found ground for provocation among the refugees. The author argues their true significance should be sought in the contemporary history of Catholic Hungary and Austria. Special attention is given to the biography of the journalist and historian, Friedrich Heer, and the priest, Leopold Ungar, who challenged the Austrian church to greater openness. An additional analysis is provided of the confrontation with the Catholic Jewish question conducted by Fathers György Kis, John Österreicher, and Alois Eckert. The engagement of Eckert and Ungar with the Hungarian refugees emerges as a prelude to the reconciliation of the Catholic Church with Judaism in the constitution Nostra Aetate of the Second Vatican Council

Heritage and Repatriation in the History of Habsburg and Hungarian Archives

Hungary’s National Library and National Archives seek to collect, as exhaustively as possible, information sources defined as Hungarica: created by, or about, Hungary or Hungarians. Modern archival practice privileges the principle of provenance (the identity of the author or records creator) in determining what an archive should acquire. The Hungarian government’s Mikes Kelemen Program, founded in 2013, builds on earlier efforts for the acquisition of foreign Hungarica publications and manuscripts, defined by the Hungarian identity of the author. But because Hungarians living in the diaspora are not only Hungarian, sensitivity to the heritage and collecting interests of the diaspora host country is recommended

Myocardial Infarction Accelerates Atherosclerosis

During progression of atherosclerosis, myeloid cells destabilize lipid-rich plaque in the arterial wall and cause its rupture, thus triggering myocardial infarction and stroke. Survivors of acute coronary syndromes have a high risk of recurrent events for unknown reasons. Here we show that the systemic response to ischemic injury aggravates chronic atherosclerosis. After myocardial infarction or stroke, apoE$^{−/−}$ mice developed larger atherosclerotic lesions with a more advanced morphology. This disease acceleration persisted over many weeks and was associated with markedly increased monocyte recruitment. When seeking the source of surplus monocytes in plaque, we found that myocardial infarction liberated hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from bone marrow niches via sympathetic nervous system signaling. The progenitors then seeded the spleen yielding a sustained boost in monocyte production. These observations provide new mechanistic insight into atherogenesis and provide a novel therapeutic opportunity to mitigate disease progression

Paneth cell - rich regions separated by a cluster of Lgr5+ cells initiate crypt fission in the intestinal stem cell niche

The crypts of the intestinal epithelium house the stem cells that ensure the continual renewal of the epithelial cells that line the intestinal tract. Crypt number increases by a process called crypt fission, the division of a single crypt into two daughter crypts. Fission drives normal tissue growth and maintenance. Correspondingly, it becomes less frequent in adulthood. Importantly, fission is reactivated to drive adenoma growth. The mechanisms governing fission are poorly understood. However, only by knowing how normal fission operates can cancer-associated changes be elucidated. We studied normal fission in tissue in three dimensions using high-resolution imaging and used intestinal organoids to identify underlying mechanisms. We discovered that both the number and relative position of Paneth cells and Lgr5+ cells are important for fission. Furthermore, the higher stiffness and increased adhesion of Paneth cells are involved in determining the site of fission. Formation of a cluster of Lgr5+ cells between at least two Paneth-cell-rich domains establishes the site for the upward invagination that initiates fission

Heavy Quarkonium Production in Z Decays

We report measurements of the inclusive production of heavy quarkonium states in $\mathrm {Z}$ decays based on the analysis of 3.6 million hadronic events collected by the L3 detector at LEP. The measurement of inclusive J production and an improved $95\%$ confidence level upper limit on $\Upsilon$ production are presented. In addition, two independent measurements of the ratio, $f_{\mathrm{p}}$, of prompt J mesons to those from B decay are made using two different isolation cuts to separate prompt J mesons from J mesons produced in the decays of b hadrons. The results are: % \begin{eqnarray} \mathrm{Br}(\mathrm{Z} \rightarrow \mathrm{J} + \mathrm{X}) & = & (3.21 \pm 0.21 \; \mathrm{(stat.)} \; ^{+ 0.19}_{- 0.28} \; \mathrm{(sys.)} ) \times 10^{-3} \; , \nonumber \\ \mathrm{Br}(\mathrm {Z} \rightarrow \Upsilon(\mathrm{1S} + X) & < & 4.4 \times 10^{-5} \; , \nonumber \\ %% f_{\mathrm{p}} & = & (7.1 \pm 2.1 \; \mathrm{(stat.)} \; \pm 1.2 \; \mathrm{(sys.)} \; ^{+1.5}_{-0.8} \;\mathrm{(theo.)} ) \times 10^{-2} \; . \nonumbe

Study of Neutral-Current Four-Fermion and ZZ Production in e+e−e^+ e^- Collisions at s\sqrt{s}= 183 GeV

Study of Neutral--Current Four--Fermion and ZZ \\ Production in $\rm e^+ e^-$ Collisions at $\rm \sqrt{s}=$ 183 GeV A study of neutral--current four--fermion processes is performed using a data sample corresponding to 55.3~pb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity collected by the L3 detector at LEP at an average centre--of--mass energy of 183~\GeV. The neutral--current four--fermion cross sections for final states with a pair of charged leptons plus jets and with four charged leptons are measured to be consistent with the Standard Model predictions. Events with fermion pair masses close to the Z boson mass are selected in all observable final states and the ZZ production cross section is measured to be %\begin{center} $\rm \sigma_{ZZ} = 0.30 ^{+0.22\,\,+0.07}_{-0.16\,\,-0.03}\,\mathrm{pb},$ %\end{center} in agreement with the Standard Model expectation. No evidence for the existence of anomalous triple gauge boson ZZZ and ZZ$\gamma$ couplings is found and limits on these couplings are set

Inclusive Charm Production in Two-Photon Collisions at LEP

The cross section of charm production in $\mathrm{\gamma \gamma}$ collisions $\mathrm{\sigma (e^+e^- \rightarrow e^+e^-c\bar{c} X)}$ is measured at LEP with the L3 detector at centre of mass energies from 91 GeV to 183 GeV. Charmed hadrons are identified by electrons and muons from semi-leptonic decays. The direct process $\mathrm{\gamma \gamma \rightarrow c \bar{c}}$ is found to be insufficient to describe the data. The measured cross section values and event distributions require contributions from resolved processes, which are sensitive to the gluon density in the photon

Determination of the number of light neutrino species from single photon production at LEP

A determination of the number of light neutrino families performed by measuring the cross section of single photon production in \ee\ collision near the \Zo\ resonance is reported. From an integrated luminosity of $100~\mathrm{pb^{-1}}$, collected during the years 1991--94, we have observed 2091 single photon candidates with an energy above 1~\GeV\ in the polar angular region $45^\circ < \theta_\gamma < 135^\circ$. From a maximum likelihood fit to the single photon cross section, the \Zo\ decay width into invisible particles is measured to be \Ginv = 498 \pm 12 \mathrm{(stat)} \pm 12 \mathrm{(sys)~MeV}. Using the Standard Model couplings of neutrinos to the \Zo, the number of light neutrino species is determined to be $N_\nu = 2.98 \pm 0.07 (\mathrm{stat}) \pm 0.07 (\mathrm{sys}).