Cyber-pseudepigraphy: A New Challenge for Higher Education Policy and Management

There is no lack of critical literature dealing with cyber-plagiarism and the implications for assessment in higher education. The practice of the selling of academic papers through the Internet is generally included under the category of plagiarism, although it is suggested that this ought to be considered under the separate category of cyber-pseudepigraphy. Pseudepigraphy is defined in this essay as the deliberate ascription of false authorship to a piece of writing, and cyber-pseudepigraphy is defined as using the Internet to have another person write an academic essay or paper, without this authorship being acknowledged. It is suggested that cyber-pseudepigraphy has widespread implications, and five critical issues are discussed. The essay finally raises the prospect of a return to some form of unseen examination as a method of student assessment as a way of dealing with this problem

The Missing Theory of Variable Selection in the Economic Analysis of Tort Law

The Article argues that the economic analysis of tort law has yet to satisfactorily answer a critical threshold question: which of the many inputs that lead to an accident should be included in a court’s liability analysis? As a result of this missing theory, the economic analysis of tort law provides indeterminate prescriptions. The Article shows how three separate areas of the literature can be seen as being about the general problem of which variables to include in the liability test and the tension between short- and long-run optima. The Article proposes an analytical framework—a continuum from short to long run—to understand the problem and show the way in which courts have crafted tort law doctrines to address the issue. Finally, the Article concludes that no satisfactory general theory is possible and that the optimal combination of liability rules will depend upon empirical questions about specific accident contexts

Solid-state conformation of copolymers of ß-benzyl-L-aspartate with L-alanine, L-leucine, L-valine, γ-benzyl-L-glutamate, or ε-carbobenzoxy-L-lysine

The solid-state conformation of copolymers of ß-benzyl-L-aspartate [L-Asp(OBzl)] with L-leucine (L-Leu), L-alanine (L-Ala), L-valine (L-Val), γ-benzyl-L-glutamate [L-Glu(OBzl)], or ε-carbobenzoxy-L-lysine (Cbz-L-Lys) has been studied by ir spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD). The ir spectra in the region of the amide I and II bands and in the region of 700-250 cm-1 have been determined. The results from the ir studies are in good agreement with data obtained by CD experiments. Incorporation of the amino acid residues mentioned above into poly[L-Asp(OBzl)] induces a change from the left-handed into the right-handed α-helix. This conformational change for the poly[L-Asp(OBzl)] copolymers was observed in the following composition ranges: L-Leu, 0-15 mol %; L-Ala, 0-32 mol %; L-Val, 0-8 mol %; L-Glu(OBzl), 3-10 mol %; and Cbz-L-Lys, 0-9 mol %

Rights and Obligations in the Mutual Fund: A Source of Law

The proposals of this note, the thrust of statutory regulation, the trend of the case law and the direction of recent developments are all consistent. In a practical sense, the suggestions here attempt to provide a reasonable source of law for the men of the industry and for the courts in search of an authoritative system of behavioral standards. If, for example, a mutual fund has enjoyed such vigorous growth that the percentage fee now charged by the advisers has lost its relevance to the actual cost of management, the disgruntled shareholder or the apprehensive director would seek information on potential law suits. They would first turn, no doubt, to the Investment Company Act to determine whether the statute specifically imposed any duties that might be violated. Finding none, the interested party would, under the proposals of this paper, then turn to duties created by implication under the Investment Company Act or duties created by trust law. Having determined that such duties arguably exist, the party, to establish the scope of these duties, would then look to trust standards in the absence of controlling case law under the statute. Utilizing the principles of trust law under the theories set forth in this note, the shareholder might then build his brief, or the director govern his actions, on the basis of such law to the extent that it provides reasonable solutions. Suit could then be brought in conformity with the procedural requirements of standard corporation law. This technique, derived from rational analysis of the participants,emphasizes the best aspects of both predictability and fairness, and as such is worthy and capable of bracing the newly developing mutual fund law until such time as it has the strength to stand on its own. Once this point is reached, there will no longer be a need to borrow halfway relevant law from other sources or to run the risk of misdirection implicit in the utilization of law in an area for which it was not promulgated. But, until that time, it is senseless not to apply all the relevant learning possible to problems analogous to those about which substantial law already has been developed. It has been the purpose of this note to demonstrate the utility of this device for the mutual fund

TRIG-STAR

A TRIG-STAR is a mathematics student who has demonstrated in competition that he or she is the most skilled among classmates in the practical application of trigonometry. The competition for the honor is a timed exercise which is the solving of a trigonometry problem that incorporates the use of right triangle formulas, circle formulas, the law of sines, and the law of cosines. The contest helps to promote careers in surveying and mapping to students at the High Schools across the country. The award is sponsored by the National Society of Professional Surveyors and cosponsored locally. State winners also have the opportunity to participate in the National TRIG-STAR competition for awards. Visit the Trig-Star website at www.trig-star.info

Perception & Use of Magnetic Field Information in Navigation Behaviors in Elasmobranch Fishes.

Ph.D. Thesis. University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa 2018