Controlled method of reducing electrophoretic mobility of macromolecules, particles, or cells

A method of reducing electrophoretic mobility of macromolecules, particles, cells, and other substances is provided which comprises interacting in a conventional electrophoretic separating procedure, the substances with a polymer-linked affinity compound comprised of a hydrophilic neutral polymer such as polyethylene glycol bound to a second component such as a hydrophobic compound, an immunocompound such as an antibody or antibody active fragment, or a ligand such as a hormone, drug, antigen, or a hapten. The reduction of electrophoretic mobility achieved is directly proportional to the concentration of the polymer-linked affinity compound employed, and such reduction can comprise up to 100 percent for particular particles and cells. The present invention is advantageous in that electrophoretic separation can now be achieved for substances whose native surface charge structure had prevented them from being separated by normal electrophoretic means. Depending on the affinity component utilized, separation can be achieved on the basis of the specific/irreversible, specific/reversible, semi-specific/reversible, relatively nonspecific/reversible, or relatively nonspecific/irreversible ligand-substance interactions

“Above all Greek, above all Roman Fame”: Classical Rhetoric in America during the Colonial and Early National Periods

The broad and profound influence of classical rhetoric in early America can be observed in both the academic study of that ancient discipline, and in the practical approaches to persuasion adopted by orators and writers in the colonial period, and during the early republic. Classical theoretical treatises on rhetoric enjoyed wide authority both in college curricula and in popular treatments of the art. Classical orators were imitated as models of republican virtue and oratorical style. Indeed, virtually every dimension of the political life of early Ameria bears the imprint of a classical conception of public discourse. This essay marks the various specific aspects of the reception and influence of the classical rhetorical tradition in the learning, speaking and writing of Americans in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries

Hydrogen Ion Concentration of Sheet Making Water and Its Relationship to the Hygroexpansion of Paper

The hygroexpansivity of paper is of particular importance in the paper industry. As paper dimensions become more critical, the problem of hygroexpansivity in paper necessarily becomes more critical. Since the hydrogen ion concentrations (pH) of papermaking water effects the use of fillers, dyes, size, and the quality of the final product, the relationship between hygroexpansivity of paper and the pH of papermaking water is, therefore, an important consideration. Fortunately, the experimental evidence from this project indicates that the pH has little effect upon the hygroexpansion of paper. But rather, this project found the sheet density to have a far greater impact upon the hygroexpansion of paper

Reporting the Irish Famine in America: Images of Suffering Ireland in the American Press, 1845-1848

This chapter is a study of American newspaper reporting on the Great Irish Famine. The study examines six master narratives that constrained the image of Ireland and the Irish people presented to American readers. Those narrative constraints predisposed Americans to respond with hostility when Irish Famine refugees began to arrive in the United States

Hamiltonian Composite Dynamics Can Almost Always Lead To Negative Reduced Dynamics

Complete positivity is a ubiquitous assumption in the study of quantum systems interacting with the environment, despite repeated efforts to point out that the assumption is not empirically justified. It will be shown that Hamiltonian evolution of a quantum system and its environment can be negative (i.e.\ not completely positive) in the energy basis, by showing that such evolution is {\it almost always} negative for given initial conditions. Ignoring or "correcting" experimental data that is not completely positive may cause the loss of important information regarding system-environment correlations and coupling. A relationship between the negativity of an evolution and the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian will be shown, and experimental verification of negative reduced dynamics will be proposed.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures; Added a discussion of discord and proposed experimental observations of negativit