Disconnected contributions to hadronic structure

We present an update of an on-going project to determine the disconnected contributions to hadronic structure, specifically, the scalar matrix element and the quark contribution to the spin of the nucleon.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, talk given at 28th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2010), Villasimius, Italy, 14-19 June 201

Improving Nitrogen and Phosphorus Efficiency for Optimal Plant Growth and Yield

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the most important nutrients for crop production. The N contributes to the structural component, generic, and metabolic compounds in a plant cell. N is mainly an essential part of chlorophyll, the compound in the plants that is responsible for photosynthesis process. The plant can get its available nitrogen from the soil by mineralizing organic materials, fixed-N by bacteria, and nitrogen can be released from plant as residue decay. Soil minerals do not release an enough amount of nitrogen to support plant; therefore, fertilizing is necessary for high production. Phosphorous contributes in the complex of the nucleic acid structure of plants. The nucleic acid is essential in protein synthesis regulation; therefore, P is important in cell division and development of new plant tissue. P is one of the 17 essential nutrients for plant growth and related to complex energy transformations in the plant. In the past, growth in production and productivity of crops relied heavily on high-dose application of N and P fertilizers. However, continue adding those chemical fertilizers over time has bad results in diminishing returns regarding no improvement in crop productivity. Applying high doses of chemical fertilizers is a major factor in the climate change in terms of nitrous oxide gas as one of the greenhouse gas and eutrophication that happens because of P pollution in water streams. This chapter speaks about N and P use efficiency and how they are necessary for plant and environment

The innervation of the human acetabular labrum and hip joint: an anatomic study

Article deposited according to publisher policies: http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/copyright [July 10, 2014].YesFunding provided by the Open Access Authors Fund

Malaysia

Malaysia lies in the tropics within latitudes 1°-8°N and longitudes 100°-119°E and consists of Peninsular Malaysia, and the states of Sabah and Sarawak. Peninsular Malaysia is bounded by seas on all sides, except in the north where it is joined to the Asia mainland via Thailand. Sabah and Sarawak are located on the northern part of Borneo Island. The two land masses are about 1,200 km apart, separated by the South China Sea . The East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia faces the South China Sea , as do Sarawak and the western part of Sabah. The West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia, however, is bordered mainly by the Straits of Malacca

Tetraquarks in a chiral constituent quark model

We analyze the possibility of heavy-light tetraquark bound states by means of a chiral constituent quark model. The study is done in a variational approach. Special attention is paid to the contribution given by the different terms of the interacting potential and also to the role played by the different color channels. We find a stable state for both $qq\bar{c}\bar{c}$ and $qq\bar{b}\bar{b}$ configurations. Possible decay modes of these structures are analyzed.Comment: 13 pages, no figures. Accepted for publication in European Journal of Physics

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing before and after intravenous iron in preoperative patients: a prospective clinical study

Background: Anemia is associated with impaired physical performance and adverse perioperative outcomes. Iron-deficiency anemia is increasingly treated with intravenous iron before elective surgery. We explored the relationship between exercise capacity, anemia, and total hemoglobin mass (tHb-mass) and the response to intravenous iron in anemic patients prior to surgery.// Methods: A prospective clinical study was undertaken in patients having routine cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) with a hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) < 130 g.l⁻¹ and iron deficiency/depletion. Patients underwent CPET and tHb-mass measurements before and a minimum of 14 days after receiving intravenous (i.v.) Ferric derisomaltose (Monofer®) at the baseline visit. Comparative analysis of hematological and CPET variables was performed pre and post-iron treatment.// Results: Twenty-six subjects were recruited, of whom 6 withdrew prior to study completion. The remaining 20 (9 [45%] male; mean ± SD age 68 ± 10 years) were assessed 25 ± 7 days between baseline and the final visit. Following i.v. iron, increases were seen in [Hb] (mean ± SD) from 109 ± 14 to 116 ± 12 g l⁻¹ (mean rise 6.4% or 7.3 g l⁻¹, p =  < 0.0001, 95% CI 4.5–10.1); tHb-mass from 497 ± 134 to 546 ± 139 g (mean rise 9.3% or 49 g, p =  < 0.0001, 95% CI 29.4–69.2). Oxygen consumption at anerobic threshold (V˙O2 AT) did not change (9.1 ± 1.7 to 9.8 ± 2.5 ml kg⁻¹ min⁻¹, p = 0.09, 95% CI − 0.13 − 1.3). Peak oxygen consumption (V˙O2 peak) increased from 15.2 ± 4.1 to 16 ± 4.4 ml.kg.⁻¹ min⁻¹, p = 0.02, 95% CI 0.2–1.8) and peak work rate increased from 93 [67–112] watts to 96 [68–122] watts (p = 0.02, 95% CI 1.3–10.8).// Conclusion: Preoperative administration of intravenous iron to iron-deficient/deplete anemic patients is associated with increases in [Hb], tHb-mass, peak oxygen consumption, and peak work rate. Further appropriately powered prospective studies are required to ascertain whether improvements in tHb-mass and performance in turn lead to reductions in perioperative morbidity

Genetic stock compositions and natal origin of green turtle (Chelonia mydas) foraging at Brunei Bay

AbstractKnowledge of genetics composition and growth stages of endangered green turtles, as well as the connectivity between nesting and foraging grounds is important for effective conservation. A total of 42 green turtles were captured at Brunei Bay with curved carapace length ranging from 43.8 to 102.0 cm, and most sampled individuals were adults and large juveniles. Twelve haplotypes were revealed in mitochondrial DNA control region sequences. Most haplotypes contained identical sequences to haplotypes previously found in rookeries in the Western Pacific, Southeast Asia, and the Indian Ocean. Haplotype and nucleotide diversity indices of the Brunei Bay were 0.8444±0.0390 and 0.009350±0.004964, respectively. Mixed-stock analysis (for both uninformative and informative prior weighting by population size) estimated the main contribution from the Southeast Asian rookeries of the Sulu Sea (mean ≥45.31%), Peninsular Malaysia (mean ≥17.42%), and Sarawak (mean ≥12.46%). Particularly, contribution from the Sulu Sea rookery was estimated to be the highest and lower confidence intervals were more than zero (≥24.36%). When estimating contributions by region rather than individual rookeries, results showed that Brunei Bay was sourced mainly from the Southeast Asian rookeries. The results suggest an ontogenetic shift in foraging grounds and provide conservation implications for Southeast Asian green turtles

Influence of team success, fixture congestion and playing position on physical performance of elite youth soccer players during an international tournament

The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of team success, fixture congestion and playing position on physical performance of elite youth soccer players during an international tournament. Physical match data was collected from 22 matches for U17 soccer players (n = 112) across 12 clubs during the play-off stage of the 2015-2016 Future Talents Cup International tournament. Match data was collected using a GPS device for physical performance measures across different positions, level of team success and during match congestion (MD1, MD 2 and MD3). The top ranked teams produced significantly higher total and low speed running distances compared to bottom ranked teams (p < .05). Players covered significantly more total distance and PlayerLoad TM on MD1 compared to MD2 and MD3 (p < .05). High speed distance output remained unaffected during this period of match congestion. Central defenders were found to have the lowest output across physical performance variables compared to all other positions (p < .05). Wide players (WD and WM) produced the greatest outputs at higher speed distances compared to other positions (p < .05). Therefore, the present study revealed that teams who had higher levels of success produced greater physical outputs compared to those of lower rankings. Match congestion resulted in a reduction in total and lower speed distances covered. Finally, differences in physical demands across playing positions was evident. Coaches should be aware of the implications of fatigue during periods of fixture congestion and the individual positional requirements for youth soccer players

Zero temperature string breaking in lattice quantum chromodynamics

The separation of a heavy quark and antiquark pair leads to the formation of a tube of flux, or "string", which should break in the presence of light quark-antiquark pairs. This expected zero-temperature phenomenon has proven elusive in simulations of lattice QCD. We study mixing between the string state and the two-meson decay channel in QCD with two flavors of dynamical sea quarks. We confirm that mixing is weak and find that it decreases at level crossing. While our study does not show direct effects of internal quark loops, our results, combined with unitarity, give clear confirmation of string breaking.Comment: 20 pages, 7 figures. With small clarifications and two additions to references. Submitted to Phys. Rev.

The equation of state for two flavor QCD at N_t=6

We calculate the two flavor equation of state for QCD on lattices with lattice spacing a=(6T)^{-1} and find that cutoff effects are substantially reduced compared to an earlier study using a=(4T)^{-1}. However, it is likely that significant cutoff effects remain. We fit the lattice data to expected forms of the free energy density for a second order phase transition at zero-quark-mass, which allows us to extrapolate the equation of state to m_q=0 and to extract the speed of sound. We find that the equation of state depends weakly on the quark mass for small quark mass.Comment: 24 pages, latex, 11 postscipt figure