A review on performance of waste materials in self compacting concrete (scc)

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) was first developed in late 80’s in Japan. SCC is well known for its self-consolidation and able to occupy spaces in the formwork without any vibration and become new interesting topic in Construction and Building Materials Research. There were various SCC researches that have been carried out in Turkey, Malaysia, Thailand, Iran, United Kingdom, Algeria, and India.The aim of this review is to summaries the alternative material used in the mix design from 2009 to 2015 through available literature. It hascommon materials such as Limestone Powder (LP), Fly Ash (FA), Silica Fume and Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS). While there are many alternative or recycled material can be used in producing SCC. This review only focus on waste material fromMarble Powder (MP), Dolomite Powder (DP), Crump Rubber (CR), Recycled Aggregate (RA) and Rise Husk Ash (RHA).Each type of materialshassimilarity effect in fresh and hardened state of SCC. Therefore, this paper will provide significant and useful information to those new to SCC and fellow researchers for future studies on SCC

A review on performance of waste materials in self compacting concrete (scc)

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) was first developed in late 80’s in Japan. SCC is well known for its self-consolidation and able to occupy spaces in the formwork without any vibration and become new interesting topic in Construction and Building Materials Research. There were various SCC researches that have been carried out in Turkey, Malaysia, Thailand, Iran, United Kingdom, Algeria, and India.The aim of this review is to summaries the alternative material used in the mix design from 2009 to 2015 through available literature. It hascommon materials such as Limestone Powder (LP), Fly Ash (FA), Silica Fume and Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS). While there are many alternative or recycled material can be used in producing SCC. This review only focus on waste material fromMarble Powder (MP), Dolomite Powder (DP), Crump Rubber (CR), Recycled Aggregate (RA) and Rise Husk Ash (RHA).Each type of materialshassimilarity effect in fresh and hardened state of SCC. Therefore, this paper will provide significant and useful information to those new to SCC and fellow researchers for future studies on SCC

Behaviour of elliptical concrete-filled steel tube (CFT) columns under axial compression load

This thesis describes a research of the behaviour of the elliptical CFT columns under axial loading. The most substantial part of this research is experimental works conducted on twenty-seven specimens including the hollow stub columns as references. Parameters such as slenderness ratio, uni-axial compressive strength of concrete infill and the aspect ratio were considered to investigate their influence on the behaviour on these columns. The results presented are the first member buckling tests on elliptical CFT columns. Keys results from the tests have been presented and discussed. Parallel with the experimental works, numerical analyses were carried out and verified with the experimental results. Parametric studies were performed following the validation of the numerical models. As there is no design guidance seems to be available in any standard, thus this research provides a review of the existing design standards of Eurocode 4 (EC4) and American Specifications (AISC). The design expressions from these current design provisions for circular, square and rectangular concrete- filled tubes design strengths were used to predict the capacities of elliptical eFT columns. The influences of concrete enhancement, steel reduction due to biaxial effects and column slenderness were all incorporated in design rules of EC4. Based on the experimental, numerical findings the evaluations were made on the design rules of the codes. This investigation was aimed at providing reliable design guidelines for practising engineers to employ the elliptical concrete-infill columns in the construction industry

Finite Element Analysis of Elliptical Hollow and Concrete Filled Tube Columns

Concrete filled tube (CFT) columns have been used as primary axial load-carrying members in high-rise building especially in seismic zones. The structural member has become popular as it has a number of distinct advantages over an equivalent steel, reinforced concrete, or steel-reinforce concrete structural member. This paper is intended to presents numerical modeling of elliptical concrete-filled steel tube columns. Elliptical steel tube is relatively a new shape used as composite columns structure and currently the data for the column is insufficient with very limited understanding therefore it deserve further investigation. This project will investigate the behaviour, capacity and failure pattern up to and beyond the ultimate load of this cross-sectional shape of composite column. Finite element program, ABAQUS also has been used as this method allows the analyses of complex structures and structural phenomena. In order to study the nonlinear response, three dimensional finite element model is develop by considering material non-linearity of the structure

Compressive Strength and Water Absorption of Sand Cement Brick that Incorporated with Construction Tiles Waste

Ceramic Tiles Waste (CTW) is one of the major sources of construction and demolition (C&D). Recycling the C&D waste is one of the most effective ways to develop sustainable building elements. In this study, the CTW were used as a partial sand replacement in sand cement brick. The percentages replacement of CTW are 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% by mass of the sand with mix design ratio of 1:3 and 0.6 water cement ratio. All the bricks were curing up to 90 days. The density, compressive strength and water absorption of sand cement bricks were also determined for its mechanical and durability performance. The experimental results reveal that the optimum replacement of CTW in sand cement brick is in range of 10% to 40% that give a good performance in compressive strength. The compressive strength of sand cement bricks increases in range of 10.17% up to 30.82% for each stage of curing days from 7 days up to 90 days. Meanwhile, the percentage of water absorption of sand cement bricks at 28 days up to 90 days of curing are below 12% as per stated in ASTM C90.

Utilization of sawdust ash as cement replacement for the concrete production: a review

Cement is the main materials for the construction and it is very expensive. Considering the growing demand of cement, the researchers are probing towards the new cement replacement materials. To achieve the sustainable development, it is imperative to use supplementary cementing materials in the field of concrete engineering. Currently, numerous research has been conducted on the utilization of sawdust ash as a cement replacement in the production of green building material and an alternative means of wood waste minimization. The result of this research work has indicated that sawdust ash has a good potential to be utilized as replacement of ordinary Portland cement for the production of concrete. The aim of this review work is to summarize previous research studies on utilization of sawdust ash as a cement replacement. Hence, this review paper will provide the significant idea and valuable information for the fellow researchers working for the composite cement materials, supplementary cementing materials in the field of concrete technology and it is the considerable verdict that more research is deserved to be carried out on the development of high-strength concrete incorporating sawdust ash as a cement replacement

Compressive and Tensile Capacity of Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC) with Glass as Supplement Material

The amount of construction waste is increased significantly over the years due to reconstruction and the demolition of old buildings. One of the major challenges of our present society is to protect the environment by recycling the existing construction waste. This study concerned on two types of variable in the production of concrete which are the utilization of coarse recycled aggregate and utilization of different supplement ratio of fine glass wastes to cement. To evaluate the viability of this study, an experimental work was performed in order to monitor the mechanical behavior of such concrete. The compression and splitting tensile strength of concrete were determined on this study. From the result, it is conclude that the utilization of recycled aggregate does not much affect in the uniaxial compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of concrete, for replacement ratio up to 25 %. However, the utilization of fine glass as supplement material to cement is increase the uniaxial compressive and splitting tensile strength of concrete, for supplement ratio up to 5 %. Thus, it can be stated that the optimum concrete mixture is the mixture of 25 % recycled aggregate and 5% glass.&nbsp

Experimental and analytical study of pvc confined concrete cylinders

This study presents results of an experimental research on the concrete filled Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) tubes short columns with various typical strengths of the infill concrete; C20, C25, C40. A total of 36 Concrete Filled Tube columns using PVC tubes (CFT PVC) were tested to investigate the column’s behaviour and 18 cylinder concrete column. The columns are 200 mm height, 100 mm external diameter and 3.5 and 4.8 mm tube thickness. The results presented include the maximum axial load, thickness effect, the mode of failure and concrete compressive strength effect. The column resistance shows an increment of between 32.24-83.25% higher compared to the control column specimens. The design equations for the CFT PVC tube columns are proposed

Development of supplementary cementitious materials: a systematic review

Concrete is the essential development material utilized for common works and it is profoundly expensive. The interest in building materials, for example, concrete is becoming comprehensively because of the development in the populace. Around 3 billion tons of Portland concrete are at present devoured around the world, and around 400 kilograms of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas is discharged to deliver each 600 kilograms of concrete. As respects CO2 creation, its belongings are natural contamination. The presentation of Additional Cementitious Materials (SCMs) can finger it. SCMs practice is well known these days in view of its great accomplishment in the field of manageable development. Utilizing SCMs is a worthwhile movement for the development business, which gives minimal effort and earth neighborly development. SCMs have regularly been presented instead of Portland concrete, which builds solid quality and strength productivity. A great deal of work has been done on the utilization of SCMs in the assembling of green structure materials. This exploration article sums up the past outcomes concerning the utilization of SCMs as a fractional substitute for concrete. This paper will consequently give the kindred scientists, who are searching for extra cementitious materials in the field of solid assembling, with a noteworthy thought and helpful information

Bending Performance of Timber Beam Strengthened with Passive Prestressing

 Prestressing technology and its application is common in concrete design and construction particularly in Malaysia and most parts of the world. However, prestress strengthening in timber is rare and not widely applied especially in Malaysia. Application of prestressing in timber has the potential to allow the use of longer span with reduced cross-sectional size and simultaneously exhibiting some level of ductility through the prestressing rod since timber material is susceptible to brittle tensile failure. This paper highlights exploratory research into the extent of bending performance enhancement in Malaysian Kempas species timber beam strengthened by way of passive prestressing. The research was conducted to investigate the change in bending strength and moment capacity of timber beam with passive prestressing rods installed at different lever arm positions, and the enhancement of moment capacity of timber beam with and without passive prestressing.  Five Kempas timber specimen configurations with size of 40 mm (b) × 90 mm (d) × 900 mm (l) were prepared for four-point bending tests, and their bending behaviours were evaluated. The timber beam with passive prestressing steel rods applied at tension side bottom fibre of timber beam exhibited the greatest enhancement in bending performance and stiffness. The improvement of bending performance ranges from 1.1 to 1.5 times greater compared to the timber beam without prestressing steel rods. The improvement of stiffness in prestressed timber beam is up to 11% at service limit state and a reduced rate of stiffness degradation is prominent