Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy in Relation with Job Stress and Life Satisfaction in Nurses of Imam Hossein Hospital

Abstract: Background and Aim: Considering that the level of quality of life in nurses has important role on their function and plays major role at the level of giving services to patients and the health system, Current study aimed to investigate the relationship between job stressors and self-efficacy with life satisfaction in nurses of Imam Hossein Hospital.Materials and Methods: Current study is based on structural equation modeling. The samples consisted of 120 nurses from Imam Hossein Hospital who were randomly selected. Research tools were a checklist for demographic information and two other valid and reliable the Sherer General Health Inventory, Hospital Job Stress (HSS) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) questionnaires. To evaluate the model, structural equation modeling and coefficient Pearson correlation were applied. Finally, the data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software.Results: There was significant relationship, the direct effect of self-efficacy on life satisfaction (p<0.01), direct effect of occupational stress on self-efficacy (p<0.01) and Indirect effect of job stress on satisfaction with life (p<0.05) variables.Conclusion: Self-efficacy reduces the effects and negative symptoms of stress, and increases individual's ability to cope with stress and this causes lack of individual's discomfort and his calm in face of problems and increases his/her level of happiness and satisfaction with life

Protective Effect of Coenzyme Q10 on Methamphetamine-Induced Apoptosis in Adult Male Rats

Background: The negative consequence of methamphetamine abuse is due to neuropathologic changes in the brain, which reduces dopaminergic neurons and result in damage to different brain areas. Neurotoxicity induced by methamphetamine increases the oxidative stress and associated with neuronal apoptosis. The role of the antioxidant coenzyme Q10 probably produces its neuroprotective effects. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine the protective effect of coenzyme Q10 on methamphetamine-induced apoptosis in adult male rats.Materials and Methods: Fifty Wistar eight-week adult rats randomly divided into 5 groups: Healthy control, methamphetamine injection (Meth), methamphetamine injection and CoQ10 5mg/kg treatment (Meth+Post CoQ10 5mg/kg), methamphetamine injection and CoQ10 10mg/kg treatment (Meth+Post CoQ10 10mg/kg), methamphetamine injection and CoQ10 20mg/kg treatment (Meth+Post CoQ10 20mg/kg). Methamphetamine with a purity of 96% with a dosage of 20 mg/kg was injected Intraperitoneal. Coenzyme Q10 for three treatment groups was injected intraperitoneally for 14 days in a dosage of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg/day. The protein expressions of Baxand Bcl2 were evaluated by western blotting technique.Results: Bax protein expression was significantly lower in Meth+Post CoQ10 5mg/kg (p=0.010) and so Meth+Post CoQ10 10mg/kg (p=0.004) comparing to Meth group. In addition, Bcl2 protein expression was significantly higher in Meth+Post CoQ10 5mg/kg comparing to Meth group (p=0.018). However, there were no significant differences between control and CoQ10 treatment groups. Bax/Bcl2 ratio was significantly lower in Meth+Post CoQ10 5mg/kg (p=0.005), Meth+Post CoQ10 10mg/kg (p=0.008) and Meth+Post CoQ10 20mg/kg (p=0.044) comparing to Meth group.Conclusion: We suggest that CoQ10 reduces the methamphetamine-induced apoptosis in the striatum of the rats through the reduction of apoptotic factors and increase of anti-apoptotic pathways

Correlation between intensity of fatigue with pregnancy outcome

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: خستگی یکی از شکایات شایع زنان در دوره بارداری می‌باشد. زنان حامله با توجه به عوامل جسمانی، روانی و موقعیتی خاص در معرض خستگی می‌باشند. هدف از این مطالعه، تعیین همبستگی شدت خستگی با پیامد حاملگی در مادران باردار بود. روش بررسی: در این پژوهش توصیفی - تحلیلی، تعداد 180 نفر مادر باردار مراجعه کننده به مراکز بهداشتی درمانی شهری وابسته به دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان که سن حاملگی 32 هفته و حاملگی طبیعی بدون عارضه داشته به روش چند مرحله ای انتخاب و تا بعد از زایمان هفته ای یکبار پی گیری و بررسی شدند. ابتدا پرسشنامه حاوی مشخصات دموگرافیک، سوابق مامایی، اضطرب و افسردگی و خستگی تکمیل و نمونه ها بر اساس نمرات خستگی به گروههای خستگی خفیف، متوسط و شدید تقسیم شدند. پس از زایمان، نوع زایمان، سن و وزن نوزاد به هنگام تولد در پرسشنامه ثبت گردید. همبستگی شدت خستگی با نوع زایمان (رگرسیون لجستیک)، سن و وزن نوزاد به هنگام تولد توسط آزمونهای آماری و (رگرسیون خطی) محاسبه گردید. یافته ها: بر اساس نتایج، فراوانی خستگی خفیف 77/37، خستگی متوسط 35 و خستگی شدید 22/27بود. شدت خستگی با نوع زایمان (05/0

Examining the association between religious commitment and marital stability among divorce-seeking and normal couples in Tehran

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Background and Objective: Divorce is a social and family crisis that leads to the collapse of family bonds. The present study aimed at examining the association between religious commitment and marital stability among divorce-seeking and normal couples in Tehran.Method: This study adopted a causal-comparative design .The statistical population included all divorce-seeking and normal male and female spouses in southern Tehran. The participating individuals were selected randomly. In this study, the sample size was 250 (150 men and 100 women), out of which 100 people had applied for divorce and 150 were non-applicants. To gather the data, Religious Commitment Questionnaire and Marital Instability Index Questionnaire were used. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistical techniques (mean and standard deviation) and regression. All ethical issues were observed in this study and the researchers declared no conflict of interests.Results: The findings showed the regression coefficient of the relationship between intrapersonal religious commitment and marital instability was -0.27, while that for the association between interpersonal religious commitment and marital instability was -0.34.Conclusion: Religious commitment at interpersonal and intrapersonal levels increases flexibility in relations between couples and reduces marital instability.For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Please cite this article as: Radmehr H, Shams J. Examining the association between religious commitment and marital stability among divorce-seeking and normal couples in Tehran. J Res Relig Health. 2019; 4(5): 77- 86

The Frequency of Academic Burnout and Related Factors among Medical Students at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, in 2016

Abstract  Background: Academic burnout is the state of negative emotions and low motivation in one’s education. Understanding the status of academic burnout is the primary step to make proper decisions. The present study, therefore, was conducted to investigate comparative degrees of academic burnout among medical students in their first five semesters of medical education at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.  Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, a total of 525 medical students at the School of Medicine filled out the Persian version of Maslach Burnout Inventory – Student Survey from January 15 to February 5, 2016. Chi-square, Mantel-Haenszel, and Kruskal–Wallis tests were run in SPSS for data analysis. P-value<0.05 was considered significant.  Results: Based on the collected data, it was shown that 49.2% of the participants were male and 50.8% were female. Only 8 (1.5%) participants were married. No statistically significant difference was observed between the variables investigated and academic burnout (P>0.05). It was also observed that only four (0.8%) medical students (all new-comers) were in low academic burnout group and 521 (99.2%) were categorized in medium academic burnout group. Finally, it was found that academic burnout of the students increase as their educational level advance, making the first-semester students having the lowest and fifth-semester students the highest academic burnout indices (P<0.001).  Conclusion: It is concluded that, from among the variables studied, only students’ educational level made a difference in medical students’ academic burnout.Keywords: Academic efficacy; Burnout; Cynicism; Exhaustion; Medical Students

Effect of fruit essential oil on ephedrine induced manic like behavior: evidence from a new protocol

Introduction: Estimating ephedrine’s effect on animal’s locomotor activity and evaluation of cumin fruit essential oil (FEO) effect and mechanism of ephedrine-induced hyper-locomotion.Methods: A new protocol developed for evaluation of manic behavior induced by ephedrine in a dose and time dependent manner. Following the suppressive effects of cumin FEO on acquisition and expression of ephedrine induced manic behavior was examined. Furthermore, the effect of L-NAME on expression of manic behavior and effect of bicuculline on suppressive effects of cumin FEO was evaluated.Results: Ephedrine at the dose of 100 mg/kg (i.p.) in a five days protocol significantly increased the locomotor activity in mice. In addition, cumin FEO at the specific dose of 2% significantly suppressed the acquisition and expression of hyperactivity induced by ephedrine. L-NAME at doses of 30 (p<0.01) and 40 mg/kg (p<0.05) showed similar effects as cumin FEO at the dose of 2%. Bicuculline (as a GABAA antagonist) at the specific dose of 2 mg/kg (p<0.01) could significantly reverse the suppressive effects of cumin at the dose of 2%.Conclusion: It could be concluded that cumin can suppress the manic behavior induced by ephedrine through the both previously suggested mechanisms of nitric oxide syntheses pathway and GABAergic system.Declaration of Interest:None.Keywords: Cuminum cyminum fruit, Ephedrine, Manic disorder

Evaluation of Group Consulting on Pregnancy Anxiety: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Introduction: Anxiety is a disorder of mental health in pregnant women reported by 20 percent of health care providers and is accompanied by adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to determine the effect of obstetric counseling on the anxiety of pregnant women. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind controlled trial, 90 pregnant women attending to Sheibani Health Care Center in Tehran aging from 18 to 35 years old and with a gestational age of 8 to 18 weeks were evaluated first pregnancy. They were randomly assigned to counseling (group counseling with routine perinatal care) and control (only routine perinatal care) groups. The group counseling was designed according to different needs of pregnancy for five sessions in five weeks (a duration of 60 to 90 minutes for each session). The questionnaires of demographic information, Beck Depression, and Spielberg spiel Berger State-trait anxiety were used. The data analysis was performed by SPSS software version 13 using parametric and non-parametric tests. Results: According to the results, there was a significant difference between post-intervention scores in state anxiety (P = 0.014); however, there was no significant difference in trait anxiety (P = 0.19). Also, the changes in trait anxiety were more in the consoling group compared with the control group (P = 0.002), which is also seen for the state anxiety group (P = 0.0001). Conclusions: It is concluded from this study that group counseling is effective in the reduction of state anxiety and trait anxiety in pregnant women

The Correlation of Sexual Dysfunction with Prenatal Stress and Quality of Life: A Path Analysis

Background: Women are exposed to different stressors in life. Physical, emotional, and economic stressors of pregnancy might negatively affect couples’ emotional and sexual intimacy. Objectives: The present study was designed to perform a path analysis of the correlation of sexual dysfunction with prenatal stress and quality of life. Methods: In this descriptive, correlational study, 300 pregnant Iranian women were recruited via convenience sampling, based on the inclusion criteria from 4 governmental referral hospitals in 2016. Data were collected using female sexual function index, 26-item world health organization quality of life questionnaire, prenatal anxiety questionnaire, and a demographic questionnaire. Results: The goodness of fit indices (GFI) in the model indicated the suitability and reasonability of relationships among variables (root mean square error of approximation, 0.023; GFI, 0.99). Quality of life and age directly affected sexual dysfunction, while prenatal anxiety and income were indirectly correlated with sexual dysfunction through quality of life (P < 0.01). Other variables did not show any significant correlations. Conclusions: Anxiety can decrease sexual function in women during pregnancy. Poor quality of life can also cause sexual dysfunction in pregnant women. Therefore, it is an undeniable necessity to take measures to reduce prenatal anxiety and promote sexual activity during pregnancy for ensuring marital satisfaction. In addition, through such measures, we can maintain/improve the general and sexual health of couples, increase the quality of life in pregnant women, and eventually strengthen family bonds

The Effect of Premarital Life Skills Training on Couples’ Quality of Life

Introduction: Life skills are the skills, knowledge, and behaviors that are learned to fulfill happiness and aim individuals to succeed in life. The impact of life skills training on quality of life in recent years has always been one of the issues under study in psychiatrists worldwide. The present study investigated the effect of life skills training on quality of life among young couples in Tehran, Iran. Method: The study population consisted of all couples who referred to Ahmadi Health Center during the second 6 months of the year 94. The sample consisted of 60 (30 couples) who were selected by convenience sampling and simple random sampling method. The experimental and control groups were replaced. Before running the independent variable (X), the subjects in both groups were measured by pre-test. Then the independent variable (life skills training) was applied to the experimental group and again the quality of life questionnaire was administered to the test and control subjects. The data were analyzed using MANCOVA test by means of SPSS 22 software. Results: The findings showed that the changes after the life skills training in the experimental group were significant and life skills training had an impact on the quality of life of young couples on the verge of marriage; in other words, the quality of life compared to pre-education significantly had. Conclusion: Life skills training found to be an important factor in improving the quality of people's life, so it is necessary for the authorities to provide the context for these trainings so that these changes have a powerful and long lasting impact

Congenital Prothrombin Deficiency

Congenital prothrombin deficiency is an extremely rare hemorrhagic disorder with estimated prevalence of 1 per 2,000,000 in the general population. Since the disorder is an autosomal recessive disorder, the disorder is more frequent in areas with high rate of consanguinity. Clinical manifestations of disorder are highly variable ranging from mild bleeding episodes to severe life-threatening hemorrhages. The disorder can be diagnosed based on routine and specific tests. No specific factor II concentrate is available, but patients can receive fresh frozen plasma and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC). Traditionally patients with prothrombin deficiency receive on-demand therapy, but secondary prophylaxis can be used for those patients with high risk of severe life-threatening bleeding. With timely diagnosis and appropriate management of disorder, the quality of life in these patients can significantly improve.   Keywords: Prothrombin deficiency, Clinical manifestations, Diagnosis, Treatmen