ANALYSIS AND MODELING OF EDUCATION PARTICIPATION INDEX (EPI) IN INDONESIA FROM 2003-2008

The aims of the research is to reveal the characteristics of the Education Participation Index (EPI) in Indonesia based on the level of students’ age (7-12, 13-15, 16-18, and 19-24) which shows the participation index of the citizens at Elementary School, Junior High School, Senior High School and University. The data was taken from Central Bureau Statistics of Indonesia (BPS) from the year 2003 to 2008. The data is analyzed to see the difference between the level of ages at difference regions and difference years. And the data was analyzed by using analysis nested design. The second analysis is to find the EPI model for each regions and years. The modeling is used the multiple linear regression with dummy variable for the regions and years

Experimental design for scientists and engineers

This book is intended as an intermediate text for students in experimental design. The following can benefit from it if they have attended an introductory course in experimental design: •Undergraduate majors and postgraduate students in engineering, biotechnology, psychology, education and agriculture •Medical students •Graduate students who need an overview of the major topics in experimental design •Researchers and practitioners in different fields of study who need a comprehensive reference when conducting their experiment

Classification of Atoms

Abstract: This article is devoted to give a self-contained presentation of classification of atoms of probability space as equivalent or non-equivalent. It will be established that an event, i.e., a member of a σ-field of a probability space can contains uncountable many equivalent atoms. We will show that the relation of being equivalent atoms is an equivalence relation. An independent proof will enable us to state that an event of a probability space with σ-finite probability measure can contains at most countable many non-equivalent atoms. We will also establish that for a purely atomic probability space with σ-finite probability measure, probability measure of every event is equal to the sum of the probability measures of its non-equivalent atoms. We will also justify that in some of the results, the probability space and respective probability measure can be replaced as measure space and respective measure

Targeting cancer signaling pathways by natural products: Exploring promising anti-cancer agents

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death and significantly burdens the healthcare system. Due to its prevalence, there is undoubtedly an unmet need to discover novel anticancer drugs. The use of natural products as anticancer agents is an acceptable therapeutic approach due to accessibility, applicability, and reduced cytotoxicity. Natural products have been an incomparable source of anticancer drugs in the modern era of drug discovery. Along with their derivatives and analogs, natural products play a major role in cancer treatment by modulating the cancer microenvironment and different signaling pathways. These compounds are effective against several signaling pathways, mainly cell death pathways (apoptosis and autophagy) and embryonic developmental pathways (Notch pathway, Wnt pathway, and Hedgehog pathway). The historical record of natural products is strong, but there is a need to investigate the current role of natural products in the discovery and development of cancer drugs and determine the possibility of natural products being an important source of future therapeutic agents. Many target-specific anticancer drugs failed to provide successful results, which accounts for a need to investigate natural products with multi-target characteristics to achieve better outcomes. The potential of natural products to be promising novel compounds for cancer treatment makes them an important area of research. This review explores the significance of natural products in inhibiting the various signaling pathways that serve as drivers of carcinogenesis and thus pave the way for developing and discovering anticancer drugs.This study was supported by Sidra Medicine Precision Program funding to Ajaz A. Bhat (5081012003) and Mohammad Haris (5081012002)

An investigation of mercury distribution in the soils around gold mining area at Dar-Mali locality, river Nile State, Sudan

An artisanal gold mining region located in North of Atbara (Dar-Mali locality), River Nile State, Sudan (17.82289 to 17.82389N and 33.99974 to 34.02127E) has been studied with the aim to evaluate the soil contamination with mercury (Hg) using two parameters; (i) Comparison of the Hg concentration with the mean concentrations in world soils, (ii) Enrichment Factor (EF). The results revealed that, the concentrations of the Hg are varying in the studied area and the highest concentrations were obtained inside the mining basins used for gold extraction (2.62 mg kg-1 soil) it is around 29 times more than mean Hg concentration in world soils, while the lower concentrations are found at recent Nile River terrace (0.10 mg kg-1 soil). The results also indicated that the soil samples collected from inside mining basins had a highest E.F value (352.84) that means, this site must be closed and remediation process should be started immediately. While the E.F value of recent Nile River terrace site was 8.74, means, all studied sites have significant contamination with Hg. The mobility of Hg may have influenced by northeast wind, or water runoff from mining zone to nearest areas at same wind direction or water flow direction

Influence of the artisanal gold mining on soil contamination with heavy metals: A case study from Dar-Mali locality, North of Atbara, River Nile State, Sudan

Twenty soil samples were collected from North of Atbara (Dar-Mali locality),River Nile State, Sudan (17.82289 to 17.82389N and 33.99974 to 34.02127E) inside and outside gold mining area in order to assess the influence of the gold mining on the concentrations of selected heavy metals (Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Hg) in study area. The soil contamination by heavy metals of study area was studied using two parameters; (i) Comparison of the heavy metals concentrations with mean concentrations in most world soils, (ii) Enrichment Factor (EF). Results revealed that the concentrations of heavy metals were varying in the study area, the highest concentrations were obtained at the center of mining area particularly inside the mining basins of gold extraction. The concentrations of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Co, Ni, and Pb were ranged from (4.85 to 34.65 mg kg-1 soil), (6,355 to 14,635 mg kg-1 soil), (37.35 to 655 mg kg-1 soil), (11.85 to 42.7 mg kg-1 soil), (0 to 16.5 mg kg-1 soil,) (2.5 to 47.3 mg kg-1 soil) and (2.65 to 823.5 mg kg-1 soil), respectively. The results also indicated that the soil samples which collected from inside mining basins have a highest EF for most heavy metals particularly Pb, which showed EF value of (676.3), suggesting that the Pb may be derived from anthropogenic source. This study recommends regular monitoring of heavy metals in the soils around the Artisanal gold Mining for conservation and protection from pollution

Arithmetic version of boolean algebra

In this article we will discuss that the logical results in Boolean algebra can equally be derived with ordinary algebraic operations. We will establish arithmetic versions of the common logical propositions inclusive of Sheffer stroke (Nand connective) and Peirce’s arrow (Nor connective) which are very important to design circuit diagrams. We will present the comparison of some basic logical Boolean expressions and their arithmetic version through the truth tables. Finally we will establish the fundamental logical equivalent propositions via arithmetic versions

Arithmatic version of boolean algebra

In this article we will discuss that the logical results in Boolean algebra can equally be derived with ordinary algebraic operations. We will establish arithmetic versions of the common logical propositions inclusive of Sheffer stroke (Nand connective) and Peirce's arrow (Nor connective) which are very important to design circuit diagrams. We will present the comparison of some basic logical Boolean expressions and their arithmetic version through the truth tables. Finally we will establish the fundamental logical equivalent propositions via arithmetic versions

On the Cauchy-Goursat theorem

Abstract: In this study, we have presented a simple and un-conventional proof of a basic but important Cauchy-Goursat theorem of complex integral calculus. The pivotal idea is to sub-divide the region bounded by the simple closed curve by infinitely large number of different simple homotopically closed curves between two fixed points on the boundary. Beauty of the method is that one can easily see the significant roll of singularities and analyticity requirements. We suspect that our approach can be utilized to derive simpler proof for Green ’s theorem, Stoke ’s theorem, generalization to Gauss ’s divergence theorem, extension of Cauchy-Goursat theorem to multiply connected regions, critical study of the affects of singularities over a general field with a general domain and a simpler approach for complex integration such as Cauchy integral formula, residue theorem etc. Avoiding topological and rigor mathematical requirements, we have sub-divided the region bounded by the simple closed curve by a large number of different simple closed curves between two fixed points on the boundary and have introduced: where path of integration is from p to q along ci and for I = 0, 1, 2, ..., n. Line integral along the boundary of the domain was evaluated via ( ∂f/ ∂z). Commutation between integration, δ-operation and d-operation was established. Using the vector interpretation of complex number, the area ds of a small parallelogram was established as . Finally, using Cauchy-Riemann equations we have established the well celebrated Cauchy-Goursat theorem, i.e., if a function f(z) is analytic inside and on a simple closed curve c the